VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY

VMKV ENGINEERING COLLEGE

&
AARUPADAI VEEDU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
NUMERICAL METHODS
(COMMON TO MECH, CIVIL, AUTO)
2016 - Regulations
QUESTION BANK
BE-PART TIME III SEMESTER
UNIT-I
SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS
PART - A
1. Name two direct methods to solve a system of algebraic equations.
2. Name two iterative methods to solve a system of algebraic equations.
3. Define transcendental equation.
4. Write the formula for Regula–Falsi method.
5. What is meant by diagonally dominant?
6. State the sufficient condition for convergence of Gauss-Seidel method.
7. Which has faster convergence either Gauss-Seidel or Gauss–Jacobi method?
8. What is the order of convergence of Newton – Raphson method? Write the
convergence condition.
9. State Gauss elimination method to solve AX = B .
10. How Gauss-Seidel method is better than Gauss-Jacobi method.
11. When Gauss-Elimination method may fail?
12. Find an iterative formula to find N , where N is a positive number.
13. By Gauss elimination method, solve x + y = 2, 2 x + 3 y = 5 .
14. Locate the negative root of x 3 - 2 x + 5 = 0 approximately.

15. State any two differences between direct and iterative methods for solving system of
equations?

16. In solving a linear system, compare Gauss elimination method and Gauss-Jordan
method?

17. Compare Gauss Seidel and Gauss-Jacobi Iterative methods?

18. Explain the term pivoting.

19. Determine the largest Eigen value and the corresponding Eigen vector of the matrix

�1 1�
� correct to two decimal places using power method.
�1 1��
20. Explain the power method of finding the numerically largest Eigen value of a matrix.

PART – B
1. Find by Newton - Raphson method, the real root of x log10 x = 1.2 correct to 4

decimal places
2. Find the root of xe x = 3 by Regula-Falsi method correct to 3 decimal places.
3. Find a real root of x 3 - 9 x + 1 = 0 that lies between 2 and 3 by the Method of False

position, correct to 3 decimal places.

4. Evaluate 12 to four decimal places by Newton - Raphson method
5. Solve the following system of equations by using Gauss elimination method.
10 x - 2 y + 3 z = 23
2 x + 10 y - 5 z = -33
3 x - 4 y + 10 z = 41
6. Using Gauss – Jordan method to solve the following system.
x + 2y + z = 3
2 x + 3 y + 3 z = 10
3 x - y + 2 z = 13
7. Solve the system of equations by Gauss-Seidel method.
27 x + 6 y - z = 85
6 x + 15 y + 2 z = 72
x + y + 54 z = 110
8. Solve the given system by Gauss –Jacobi method.
8 x - 3 y + 2 z = 20
4 x + 11y - z = 33
6 x + 3 y + 12 z = 35

2 1 1�
�
�
3 2 3�
9. Find the inverse of a matrix � �by Gauss Jordan method.
�
1 4 9�
� �
 �2 -1 0 �
�-1 2 -1�
10. Using Power method, find a dominant Eigen value of the given matrix � �
�
�0 - 1 2 �
�
UNIT – II
INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATION
PART A
1. State Newton’s Forward Interpolation Formula.
2. State Newton’s Backward Interpolation Formula.
3. What is the difference between Interpolation and Extrapolation?
4. Write Newton’s Divided Difference Formula.
5. If f ( 3) = 5 and f ( 5 ) = 3, what is the form of f ( x ) by Lagrange’s Formula?
6. When Bessel’s formula is to be used?
7. Write Stirling’s formula.
8. What is the error involved in Newton’s Interpolation formula.
9. Form the Divided Differences table, given

x 1 3 6 11

y 4 32 224 1344

10. When will you use Newton’s backward interpolation formula?

11. State the properties of divided difference.
12. Form the difference table for the following data.

x 4 6 8 10

y 1 3 8 16

13. Write the formula to find the divided difference of order one.
14. Write the second order divided difference formula.
15. Form the difference table for the following data.

x 50o 51o 52o 53o 54o

y = cos x 0.6428 0.6293 0.6157 0.6018 0.5878

16. Find the third order divided difference of f ( x ) with arguments 2, 4, 9, 10 where
f ( x ) = x3 - 2x .
17. State Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula.
18. State Inverse Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula.
19. Given y ( 1) = -26, y ( 2 ) = 12, y ( 4 ) = 256 and y ( 6 ) = 844 then form the difference
table.
20. Find the value of x for which y = 7, given

x 1 3 4
y 4 12 19

PART-B
1. From the following table values of x and f ( x ) , determine f ( 0.23) and f ( 0.29 ) .

x 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30

f ( x) 1.6596 1.6698 1.6804 1.691 1.7024 1.7139

2. Given the data

x 0 1 2 3 4
y 2 3 12 35 78

Find the cubic polynomial of x, using Newton’s Backward Interpolation formula.

3. Given log10 654 = 2.8156, log10 658 = 2.8182, log10 659 = 2.8189, and
log10 661 = 2.8202 . Find the value of log10 656 using Newton’s Divided Difference
Formula.
4. Using Newton’s Forward Interpolation Formula, Find the value of Sin 47 o given that

Sin 45o = 0.7071, Sin 50o = 0.7660, Sin 55o = 0.8192, and Sin 60o = 0.8660.

5. Apply Lagrange’s formula inversely, to obtain the root of the equation f ( x ) = 0

given that f ( 0 ) = -4, f ( 1) = 1, f ( 3) = 29 and f ( 4 ) = 52.

6. Using Stirling’s formula obtain the value of f ( 12 ) given

x 5 10 15 20

f ( x) 54.14 60.54 67.72 75.88

7. Obtain the value of y ( 5 ) , using Bessel’s formula given

x 0 4 8 12

f ( x) 143 158 177 199

8. Apply Lagrange’s formula to find f ( 5 ) , given that f ( 1) = 2, f ( 2 ) = 4, f ( 3) = 8
and f ( 7 ) = 128 .
9. Use Lagrange’s formula to fit a polynomial to the data

x -1 0 1 2
y -8 3 1 12

and hence Find y ( x = 0.5 ) .

10. Using Newton’s divided difference formula, Find the value of f ( 8 ) from the
following table.
x 4 5 7 10 11 13
y 48 100 294 900 1210 2028

UNIT – III
NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION & INTEGRATION
PART-A
2
d y
1. Write the formula to compute at x = x 0 + ph for the given data ( xi , yi ) ,
dx 2
i = 0,1,......n
dy d 2 y x = xn
2. State Newton’s backward interpolation formula to Find and at
dx dx 2
dy d2y
3. State Newton’s forward difference formula to find and at x = x0
dx dx 2
dy
4. Write the formula to compute at x = x0 + ph for a given data ( xi , yi ) ,
dx
i = 0,1,....., n
5. How will you improve the accuracy in the Trapezoidal Rule?
dy
6. Find at x = 2 from the following data
dx
x 2 3 4
y 26 58 12
7. State Trapezoidal Rule. What is the order of error?
th
8.
What is the condition for applying Simpson’s 3/8 Rule? Write the formula also.
1
9. State the basic principle for deriving Simpson’s Rule.
3
 1
10. State the order of error in using Simpson’s Rule for integration.
3
4

11. Using Simpson’s rule, Find �

e x dx given h = 1.
0

12. A curve passes through ( 2, 8 ) , ( 3, 27 ) , ( 4, 64 ) and ( 5, 125 ) . Find the area of the
curve between x axis and the lines x = 2 and x = 5 by Trapezoidal rule.
13. A curve is passing through the points (1,2) , ( 2,1) and ( 4,5) . Find the slope of the curve
at x = 3
14. Define Numerical Differentiation.
2
dx
15. Evaluate �
1+ x
1
2 by Trapezoidal rule with h = 0.5.

16. State two point Gaussian quadrature formula.

17. Write three point Gaussian quadrature formula.
18. What is the Truncation error in Trapezoidal rule?
b d

19. State Trapezoidal rule for evaluating �

�f ( x, y ) dydx
a c
with two intervals in both

directions.
b d

20. State Simpson’s rule for evaluating �

�f ( x, y )dydx
a c
with two intervals in both

directions.
PART-B
1. Find first and second derivatives of the function y at the point x = 1.2 using the
following data.

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 0 1 5 6 8

5.2

2. Evaluate �
log
4
e xdx by using

(i) Trapezoidal rule

1
(ii) Simpson’s rule and
3
3
(iii) Simpson’s rule, given that
8
 x 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2

log e x 1.386 1.435 1.482 1.526 1.569 1.609 1.649

3. Find the first, second and third derivatives of f ( x ) at x = 1.5 if

x 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
f ( x) 3.375 7.000 13.625 24.000 38.875 59.000

4. Find the first two derivatives of y at x = 54 from the following data.

x 50 51 52 53 54
y 3.6840 3.7084 3.7325 3.7563 3.7798
6
dx 1 3
5. Find �
1+ x
0
2 by using Simpson’s
3
and
8
rule by dividing interval into 6 equal

parts.
1
dx
6. Use Romberg’s method, to compute I = � correct to 4 decimal places. Hence
0
1+ x
find log e 2 .
1
dt
7. Evaluate I = � by Gaussian two point and three point formula. Find a boundary
0
1+ t
for the error in three point formula and compare it with true error
1
sin x
8. Evaluate �x
0
dx, by a Gaussian three – point quadrature formula.
1 1

9. Evaluate I = �
�e x + y dxdy, using the trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules.
0 0
1 1

10. Compute �
�xydxdy
0 0
with h = 0.25 and k = 0.5, using Simpson’s rule.

UNIT-IV
INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS OF ODE
PART-A
dy
1. State modified Euler algorithm to solve = f ( x, y ) , y ( x o ) = y o at x = x 0 + h
dx
dy
2. Write the Runge-Kutta algorithm of second order for solving = f ( x, y ) , y ( x0 ) = y0
dx
3. State Taylor series algorithm for the first order differential equation
4. State the disadvantage of Taylor series method.
dy
5. Write down Euler algorithm to the differential equation = f ( x, y ) .
dx

dy
6. Write down the Runge-Kutta formula of fourth order to solve = f ( x, y ) with
dx
y( x o ) = y o .

7. State which is better. Taylor’s series method or Runge-Kutta method. Justify

8. Is Euler’s method, a particular case of second order Runge-Kutta method?

9. Solve y ' = x + y, y (0) = 1 by Taylor’s series method. Find y (0.1)

dy
10. Using Euler’s method find y (0.2) from = x + y, y (0) = 1 with h = 0.2
dx
11. Given y ' = 1 - y and y (0) = 0 . Find y (0.1) by Euler’s method.
dy
12. Given = log( x + y ), y (0) = 2., h = 0.2 Find y(0.2) by Euler’s method.
dx
dy
13. Given = x 3 + y, y (0) = 2, h = 0.2 Compute k1 and k2 of Runge-Kutta method of
dx
Order 2.
14. Using Euler’s method to solve y ' = x + y + xy, y (0) = 1, h = 0.05 and Compute
y (0.05)
15. Given y ' = 1 - y and y (0) = 0 . Find y (0.1) by Modified Euler method.
16. State the third order Runge-Kutta method algorithm to find the numerical solution of
the first order differential equation.
17. Write down the fourth order Taylor’s Algorithm.
18. Write the merits and demerits of the Taylor method of solution.
19. Find y ( 0.2 ) for the equation y ' = y + e x , given that y ( 0 ) = 0 by using Euler’s method.
20. State the special advantage of Runge-Kutta method over Taylor’s series method.

PART-B
1. Using Taylor series method, find approximate values of y and z corresponding to
dy dz
x = 0.1, given that y (0) = 2, z (0) = 1 by solving = x + z and = x - y2 .
dx dx
dy
2. Using Taylor’s method Solve = 1 + xy given y (0) = 2. Find (i ) y (0.1), (ii ) y (0.2)
dx
and (iii ) y (0.3) .
 dy
3. Solve = x + y, given y (1) = 0, Find y (1.1) and y (1.2) by Taylors series method
dx
dy
4. Using the Runge-Kutta method, tabulate the solution of the system = x + z,
dx
dz
= x - y , y (0) = 0, z (0) = 1, h = 0.1. Find y (0.1) , y (0.2), z (0.1) and z (0.2) .
dx
dy y 2 - x 2
5. Find y ( 0.2 ) using Runge-Kutta method of fourth order by solving = with
dx y 2 + x 2
y (0) = 1, h = 0.2 .
2
d2y �dy �
6. Solve 2
- x � �+ y 2 = 0 using Runge-Kutta method for x = 0.2 correct to 4
dx �dx �
decimal places. Initial conditions are x = 0, y = 1, and y ' = 0.
dy
7. Using Runge-Kutta method of order 4 find y for x = 0.1, 0.2 given that = xy + y 2 ,
dx
y ( 0) = 1 .

dy
8. Given + y - x 2 = 0, y (0.2) = 0.8213, Find y (0.3) correct to four decimal places
dx
using Modified Euler’s method.
dy
9. Using Modified Euler method, Find y (0.1) , y (0.2), given = x 2 + y 2 , y (0) = 1.
dx
dy
10. Using Euler’s method. Find y (0.2) , y (0.4) and y (0.6) from = x + y, y (0) = 1,
dx
and h = 0.2
 UNIT – V
BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS
PART – A

1. Solve xy ''+ y = 0, y (1) = 1, y (2) = 2 with h = 0.5

2. What is the purpose of Leibmann’s process?
3. Write the standard five point formula to solve U xx + U yy = 0 numerically.
4. Write the diagonal five point formula.
5. Write a finite difference scheme for solving U xx + U yy = f ( x, y )
6. Given the following mesh, in solving  2 u = 0 , Find one set of rough values of u at
interior mesh points.

7. Write the finite difference scheme using forward difference in time and central
difference in the x -direction for the one dimensional heat flow equation.
�2u 1 �u
8. State Bender-Schmidt scheme to solve 2 = 2
�x a �t
9. State Crank–Nicolson’s implicit scheme for solving one dimensional heat equation.
u  2u
10. Write the simplest form of Crank-Nicolson’s scheme to solve =c 2
t x
11. Approximate a u xx = u tt in terms of finite differences.
2

12. In the explicit formula for solving one dimensional wave equation given the equation
1
if  = 2 , what is the simplest form to explicit scheme?
2

a
13. In solving the wave equation u tt = a 2 u xx , how will you express the initial condition
ut ( x, 0) = 0 ?
14. What is the error involved in using finite difference method for solving Laplace
equations.
15. What is point wise solution of a differential equation?
16. Classify u xx + 4u yy + 3u xy + 4u y + 3u x = 0 .
17. When the equation will be elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic?
18. Write different methods for solving Boundary Value Problem.
19. Define boundary value problem.
20. Write the difference scheme for solving the Laplace equation.
PART – B
1. Solve numerically utt = 4u xx with boundary conditions u (0, t ) = 0 = u (4, t ), ut ( x, 0) = 0
and u ( x, 0) = x(4 - x)
 2u  2u
2. Solve 2 + 2 = 0 at the nine mesh points of the square given below. The values of
x y
u at the boundary are specified in the figure.

2
3. Solve by finite difference method, the boundary value problem d y - y = 0 with
dx 2
y ( 0 ) = 0 and y ( 2 ) = 4 choosing x = 0.5
4. Solve xy ''+ y = 0, y '(1) = 0 and y (2) = 1 with h = 0.5
5. Solve the Laplace equation u xx + u yy = 0 for the following square mesh with
boundary values as shown.

6. Solve u xx + u yy = 0 in 0 �x �4, 0 �y �4 given that u (0, y ) = 0, u (4, y) = 8 + 2 y;

x2
u ( x, 0) = and u ( x, 4) = x 2 taking h = k = 1 obtain the result correct to one
2
decimal.

7. Solve the Poisson equation � u = -10( x + y + 10) over the square mesh with sides
2 2 2

x = 0, y = 0, x = 3, y = 3 and u = 0 on the boundary. Assume mesh length h = 1 unit.

8. Solve the Poisson equation �2u = -81xy, 0 < x < 1; 0 < y < 1 and u (0, y ) = u ( x, 0)
1
= 0; u ( x,1) = u (1, y ) = 100 with the square mesh of size h = .
3
2
� u 1 �u
9. Solve by Crank-Nicholson’s implicit method = , 0 < x < 1, t > 0 given that
� t 16 � x2
1
u ( x, 0) = 100 sin p x, u (0, t ) = u (1, t ) = 0 , compute u for one time step taking h = .
4
�u � u
2
10. Using Crank-Nicholson method, solve = subject to u ( x,0) = 0; u (0, t ) = 0 and
�t �x 2
1 1
u (1, t ) = 16t taking h = and k = .
4 8