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Practical Research 2 Participants of The Study

The document discusses key concepts related to participants and sampling in research studies. It defines populations and samples, and notes that samples are subsets that represent populations. It also outlines different types of probability and non-probability sampling techniques and factors to consider when determining sample size, such as homogeneity and desired precision. Formulas like Slovin's and Calmorin's are presented for calculating sample sizes.

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Abegail Decasa
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14K views3 pages

Practical Research 2 Participants of The Study

The document discusses key concepts related to participants and sampling in research studies. It defines populations and samples, and notes that samples are subsets that represent populations. It also outlines different types of probability and non-probability sampling techniques and factors to consider when determining sample size, such as homogeneity and desired precision. Formulas like Slovin's and Calmorin's are presented for calculating sample sizes.

Uploaded by

Abegail Decasa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

CHAPTER 3.2: PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY

Respondents

- Individuals or groups to which interventions or processes are applied.


- Introduced through their basic profiles.
- Serve as the sources of information during data collection.

Population - It is composed of persons or objects that possess some common characteristics that are of interest
to the researcher

a. Target Population - It is composed of the entire group of people or objects to which the researchers
wish to generalize the findings of the study.

b. Accessible Population - It is the specific study population.

Sample – is the subset of the entire population. These are the group of individuals that represents the population
and serves as the respondents of the study

Parameter – it is the numeric characteristic of population.

Statistic – it is the numeric characteristic of a sample.

Element - It is a single member of the sample.

Factors to Consider in Determining Sample Size

1. Homogeneity of the Population - The higher the degree of variation within the population, the smaller
the sample size that can be utilized.

2. Desired Degree of Precision - The larger the sample size, the higher is the precision or accuracy of the
result.

3. Types of Sampling Procedure - Probability sampling utilizes smaller sample sizes than non -
probability sampling.

Types of Sampling

1. Probability Sampling - All members of the population are given a chance of being selected. Also
known as Scientific Sampling.

1A. Simple Random Sampling - All the members of the population are given an equal chance to
be selected as respondents. It is an unbiased way of selection as
samples are drawn by chance. Includes roulette wheel, fishbowl
technique, and the use of table of random numbers.
1B. Stratified Random Sampling - The population is first divided into different strata then the
sampling follows.

1C. Cluster Sampling - Used in large-scale studies in which the population is geographically
spread out.

1D. Systematic Sampling - Method of selecting every nth element of the population. After the
size of the sample has been determined, the selection of the sample
follows.

2. Non-Probability Sampling - Selecting respondents in which the members of the entire population do
not have an equal chance of being selected as samples.

- There are cases in which a sample is given priority instead of other


members.

- Also known as Non-Scientific Sampling

2A. Convenience Sampling - After determining the sample size from population, the element who
are present at the moment will be chosen as respondents.

2B. Quota Sampling - Somewhat similar to stratified sampling in which the population is divided
into homogenous strata and then sample elements are selected from each
stratum.

2C. Purposive Sampling – it involves handpicking of the subjects.


– also known as Judgmental Sampling

When the total population is less than or equal to 100, this same number may serve as the sample size.
This is called UNIVERSAL SAMPLING.

Use of Formula

SLOVIN’S FORMULA CALMORIN’S FORMULA

Ss = sample size
n = a sample size N = population size
N = population size V = standard value (2.58) of 1% level of probability
e = desired margin of error with 0.99 reliability
Se = sampling error (0.01)
p = the largest possible proportion (0.50)
SLOVIN’s FORMULA - Used when you have a limited information about the characteristics of the population
and are using a non-probability sampling procedure.
CALMORIN’s FORMULA - Used when the population is more than 100 and the researcher decides to utilize
scientific sampling.

EXAMPLES:
The parameter of the population is 8,000 at 2% margin of error or 98% accuracy.

Get the statistic from a parameter of 800.

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