RFID BASED SECURITY SYSTEM

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

BHARATHI RAJ (711317105013)

HARI HARAN S (711317105036)

HARI PRASANTH S (711317105039)

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

KPR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution Affliated to Anna University,Chennai)

AVINASHI ROAD,ARASUR,COIMBATORE

ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

OCTOBER 2019
 ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “RFID BASED SECURITY SYSTEM” is the

bonafide work of BHARATHI RAJ S, HARI HARAN S & HARI

PRASANTH S who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr.Mr.V.KUMARCHINNAYAN M.E.,Ph.D., Mr.C.J.VIGNESH M.E

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT , SUPERVISOR,

Professor, Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical Department of Electrical
And Electronics Engineering and Electronics Engineering
KPR Institute of Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering
and Technology,Arasur, and Technology,Arasur,
Coimbatore-641 407 Coimbatore-641 407
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our heartful thanks and gratitude to our honourable

Chairman Shri.K.P.RAMASAMY and our respected managing trustee
Shri.K.P.D.SIGAMANI,KPRGroup of Institutions ,for providing the necessary
Infrastructure and laboratory facilities during the course of study in the college.
We express our sincere gratitude to our beloved chief executive
Dr.A.M.NATARAJAN, M.E., Ph.D., KPR Institute of Engineering and
Technology,who gave us the opportunity to frame the project is full satisfaction.
At this pleasing moment of having successfully completed our project,
we would like to express our sincere thanks to our Principal
Dr.M.AKILA,M.E.,Ph.D.,for forwarding us to do our project and offering
adequate duration in completing our project.

Our sincere gratitude to Dr.V.KUMARCHINNAIAN,M.E.,Ph.D.,

Professor,Head of the Department,Electrical and Electronics Engineering for his
constructive suggestion & encouragement during our project.

With deep sense of gratitude, we extend our earnest & sincere thanks to
our guide Mr.C.J.VIGNESH,M.E.,Assistant professor,Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering for his kind guidance & encouragement
during this project.

We also express our thanks to our teaching and non-teaching staffs of

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering of our college.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT 5

LIST OF FIGURES 6
ABBREVATION

1 INTRODUCTION 7

2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 8

3 COMPONENTS 10

3.1 RFID READER MODULE

3.2 TRANSFORMER

3.3 BUZZER

3.4 5V DC MOTOR

3.5 RELAY

3.6 RESET BUTTON

3.7 LCD DISPLAY

3.8 MAGNETIC CARDS

3.9 LED DISPLAY

4 HARDWARE 17

5 CONCLUSION 18

REFERENCE 19
ABSTRACT

The RFID based security system is developed to build a security

system for a office or home to prevent a other person to enter into the
important room or chamber by controlling radio frequency
identification by checking a suitable RFID card.
The RFID tag gives the unique id whenever it reads a card
information. This id information is sent to the microcontroller to
check the correct card to take a security action. If the card id matches
with the original information it allows to enter into the room.
In present system there are no efficient methods for accurate
identifications, there are certain places where accuracy is important
mainly in banking, health care and government sectors. This
application will provide RFID tag based system which uses micro
controller.
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 8

3.1 RFID READER MODULE 10

3.2 TRANSFORMER 11

3.3 BUZZER 11

3.4 5V DC MOTOR 12

3.5 RELAY 13

3.6 RESET BUTTON 14

3.7 LCD DISPLAY 14

3.8 MAGNETIC CARDS 15

3.9 LED INDICATION 16

 ` CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

RFID Security Access Control System using 8051 Microcontroller is an

RFID Technology based security system. Using this system, authorization of
personnel is carried out with an RFID card and only those with access can enter
a secured area.The security of any organisation is a priority for the authorities.
The security concern is for the physical property and also for the intellectual
property.For this reason automatic identification and access control system has
become necessary to overcome the security threats faced by many
organisations.This project deals with an interesting manner of security access
control with the help of RFID Technology, where only people with valid cards
are allowed to access the door or any secure area.

A radio –frequency identification(RFID) based accesss-control system

onlyAuthorised people to enter a particular area of an establishment.authorised
People are provided with unique tags,using which they can access that area.this
RFID based security system is based on micro controller AT89C52 and
comprises a RFID module ,a LCD module for displaying the status and a reply
for opening the door.
 CHAPTER 2

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 2.1 Block diagram

RFID READER

This is a low frequency (125Khz) RFID reader with serial output with at
range of 8-12cm .it is a compact units with built in antenna and can be directly
connected to the PC using RS232 protocol.

LCD

Liquid crystal display technology works by blocking light.specially,an

LCD is made of two pieces of polarised glass that contain a liquid crystal
material between them.A backlight creates light that passes through the first
substrate. At the same time,electrical currents causes the liquid crystal modules
to align to allow varying levels of light to pass.
ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software.Arduino boards are able to read inputs-light on a
sensor,a finger on abutton,or a twitter message-and turn it in to an output-
activating a motor,turning on an LED,publishing something online.

BUZZER

A buzzer is an audio signalling device,which may be

mechanical,electromechanical,or piezoelectric.typical uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices,timers,and confirmation of user input such as a
mouse click or keystroke.

GSM MODULE

GSM (Global System for Mobile communications,originally a groupe

special mobile)is a standard developed by the European telecommunications
standards institute.

MOTOR DRIVER

The motor driver is a module for motors that allows you to control the
working speed and direction of two motors simultaneously.this motor driver is
designed and developed based on L293D.

DC MOTOR

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts

direct current electrical energy in to mechanical energy.the most common types
rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields.nearly all types of DC motors
have some internal mechanism,either electromechanical or electronic,to
periodically changet the direction of current flow in part of the motor.
 CHAPTER 3

COMPONENTS

The components used in the RFID based security system

• RFID Reader Module

• Transformer (230-12v)
• Buzzer
• 5V DC Motor
• Relay
• Reset Button
• LCD Display
• Magnetic Cards
• LED-Indication

3.1 RFID READER MODULE

Radio Frequency Identification or simply RFID is a wireless technology
generally used for automatic identification and data collection.RFID technology
is used for accessing data from a uniquely identify RFID card or tag by
combining the radio frequency and microchip technologies i.e. the data is
retrieved or stored into the RFID cards without making any physical contact.

Fig 3.1 RFID Reader module

With the help of RFID technology we can create smart systems that can be used
personnel identification, product monitoring, individual or organisation security,
transportation, maintenance of inventory and supply chain tracking.RFID
systems usually comprises of three components: an RFID Card, an RFID
Reader Module and a host device.RFID Card or Tag consists of the data in the
embedded microchip. RFID Reader is used to read the data from the RFID Card
and transfer it to the host device.

3.2 TRANSFORMER
A transformer is a device that is used to either raise or lower voltages and
currents in an electrical circuit. In modern electrical distribution
systems, transformers are used to boost voltage levels so as to decrease line
losses during transmission.

3.3 BUZZER

A Buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be

mechanical, electromechanical or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as
mouse click or keystroke. The buzzer consists of an outside case with two pins
to attach it to power and ground. Inside is a piezo element, which consists of a
central ceramic disc surrounded by a metal vibration disc.
 Fig 3.2 Buzzer

3.4 5V DC MOTOR

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts

direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types
rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors
have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to
periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor.DC motors
were the first form of motor widely used, as they could be powered from
existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed
can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by
changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used
in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current
but is a lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools and appliances.
Larger DC motors are currently used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator
and hoists, and in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics
has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many
applications.

Fig 3.3 5V DC motor

3.5 RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input

terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact
terminals. The switch may have any number of contacts in multiple contact
forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or combinations thereof.Relays
are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by an independent low-power
signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. Relays were
first used in long-distance telegraph circuits as signal repeaters: they refresh the
signal coming in from one circuit by transmitting it on another circuit. Relays
were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform
logical operations.

Fig 3.4 Relay

The traditional form of a relay uses an electromagnet to close or open the
contacts, but other operating principles have been invented, such as in solid-state
relays which use semiconductor properties for control without relying on
moving parts. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes
multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or
faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by
digital instruments still called protective relays.Latching relays require only a
single pulse of control power to operate the switch persistently. Another pulse
applied to a second set of control terminals, or a pulse with opposite polarity,
resets the switch, while repeated pulses of the same kind have no effects.
Magnetic latching relays are useful in applications when interrupted power
should not affect the circuits that the relay is controlling.

3.6 RESET BUTTON

In electronics and technology, a reset button is a button that can reset a
device. On video game consoles, the reset button restarts the game, losing the
player's unsaved progress. On personal computers, the reset button clears the
memory and reboots the machine forcibly.

3.7 LCD DISPLAY

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and
find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and
is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are
preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons
being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of
displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments),
animations and so on.A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line
and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel
matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.
 Fig 3.5 LCD Display

The process of controlling the display involves putting the data that form the
image of what you want to display into the data registers, then putting
instructions in the instruction register. The LiquidCrystal Library simplifies this
for you so you don't need to know the low-level instructions.The Hitachi-
compatible LCDs can be controlled in two modes: 4-bit or 8-bit. The 4-bit mode
requires seven I/O pins from the Arduino, while the 8-bit mode requires 11 pins.
For displaying text on the screen.

3.8 MAGNETIC CARDS

A magnetic card is a card that contains either a magnetic strip or a

magnetic object in the card, encoded with digital data. A magnetic card may
contain information about an individual, such as available credit on a credit card
or pass codes for entering secure buildings. It's usually the size of a business
card or credit card. ID Tech Solutions manufactures and supplies ultra high-
quality UHF RFID Cards also known RFID smart cards or long-range RFID
cards. These UHF RFID cards are widely used in schools, colleges, campuses,
offices for attendance, access control and other custom applications. Apart from
this these cards are widely in demand for the health care industry, banking
industry and entertainment.
Fig 3.5 Magnetic Cards

3.9 LED INDICATION

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are

used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other
lighting. The LED consists of a chip of semiconducting material doped with
impurities to create a p-n junction. As in other diodes, current flows easily from
the p-side, or anode, to the n-side, or cathode, but not in the reverse direction.
Charge-carriers electrons and holes — flow into the junction from electrodes
with different voltages. When an electron meets a hole, it falls into a lower
energy level, and releases energy in the form of a photon.

Fig 3.6 LED Indication

A RFID tag having a LED is provided. The RFID tag includes an antenna, a RF
processor, a controller, a memory, at least one of LEDs, and a LED switching
unit. The RF processor receives and transmits a wireless signal through the
antenna, and modulates and demodulates transmitted and received signal and
data. The controller analyzes a received data outputted from the RF signal
processor and generally controls the RFID tag. The memory stores the received
data in response to the controller. The LED switching unit turns on/off at least
one of the LEDs in response to the controller.

CHAPTER 4

HARDWARE

WORKING

An Automatic Gate opening system for vehicles with RFID and campus
access control system RFID based were proposed. The systems grant access to
authorized persons with valid tags and deny the unauthorized persons with
invalid tags but the systemslack ability to intimates security personnel through
SMS. In this system RFID monitor access, sensor to monitor the temperature,
lighting and gas leakage and GSM send SMS to the owner of the house when
safety of the home is not guaranteed. The system emphasized more of safety
than security of the home or office. This system uses RFID and GSM
technologies to provide security for distribution of petroleum products. The
system was made up of control unit and tanker unit that are far from each other
but can easily communicate with each other. The tanker unit monitors the fuel
level continuously and displayed it on LCD at the front for driver’s
convenience. The second is RFID assembly which will read the authentication
code of the petrol pump. The amount of fuel poured at a particular petrol pump
and petrol pump ID will be sent to central office through GSM techniques. The
pitfall here remained that the system does not operates as a stand-alone system
but require a network provider for reception of signals and it is not a preventive
security measure. An Access Control by RFID and face recognition based on
neural network was design and implemented. This system recognizes the face of
the person holding the RFID card and denies access if they do not match. A
Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) was adopted to learn the face
of authorized card holders. It can signal to activate an additional circuit to shut
the motorcycle engine off and turn the Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) on for
recording as the theft occurs. The system would have been better with SMS to
the guards to avoid commotions. The present study aims at the design and
implementation of a security access control system that uses a wireless and
automatic identification system knows as Radio frequency Identification (RFID)
system, Microcontroller as a control unit, GSM/GPRS modem that can send
SMS when signalled by the controller, a relay to close and open the system, the
Buzzer that form the alarm system and LCD that displays the result of the
controller processing.
CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

RFID’s potential benefits are large, and we’re sure to see many novel
applications n the future—some of which we can’t even begin to imagine.

The components that go into RFID readers and tags are simple radio
communications, but their smaller size and broad deployment enhance the
power of the technology and raise concerns about the privacy effects of RFID
deployment. These concerns are often premised on unlikely assumptions about
where the technology will go and how it will be used. RFID based security and
access control system is more secure and fast responded as compared to the
other system like biometric. The advantage of the RFID system is contact-less
and works without-line-of-sight. By using arduino it is easy to access and works
very quickly while burning the code it is like plug and play device. Users can
change the function accordingly by using arduino. It is easier to use and
accurate also. Hence this project can be useful for implementation of access
control application for tracking system as well as providing the security
benefits. This project can improve by raising the range of reader in which the
tag read.

FUTURE SCOPE

Pay preparation feature will be the latest trend in upcoming years due to
the boost in the ecommerce industry.
1. In malls for generating bills without standing in a queue.
2. Gaming zone
3. Environmental problems to control and make nature friendly.
4. Uses in ATM machines

REFERENCE

 Ramalatha, M., Ramkumar, A. K., Selvaraj, S. and Suriyakanth, S. (2014)

RFID Based Personal Medical Data card for Toll Automation. Elysium
Journal Engineering Research and Management. Volume1, ISSN:2347-
4408, pp 51-52
 Sivasankaram, V. Muruganand,S., Azha, P. (2013) advanced Embedded
System assisted GSM and RFID Based Smart School Management
System. International journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering. Vol.2 (Issue 7), ISSN
(online), pp 2278-8875.
 Xiaolong, L. (2009) Design and Implementation of a Digital parking lot
Management System. Technology interface Journal
 Harri, N. (2011) The Study of Business Opportunities and Value add of
NFC application in Security Access Control Solution. Master thesis,
Department of Business administration, Kemi-Tornio, pp 17-19.
 Fang, Z., Dagu, H., Zheng, D. and Viping, H. (2008) Design and
Implementation of an automatic Clearance Control System based on
RFID. IEEE 7th world congress intelligent control and automation
(WCICA). Pp 6621 -6626
 Santhosh, S. and Sanihosh K. K. (2013) Campus Access Control System
RFID Based. International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science
Engineering. Volume 1, Number 3, ISSN: 2277-1956, pp 1439 1445..