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Assignment 2

1. Prove various identities relating to derivatives of functions such as (ax+b)^n, log(ax+b), amx, etc. 2. Show that for the function y = acos(logx) + bsin(logx), the differential equation xy'' + xy' + y = 0 and other related equations hold. 3. Solve similar problems relating derivatives and differential equations for other functions like y = (x^2 - 1)^n, sinh[mlog(x+√(x^2+1))], etc.

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Faizan Ansari
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226 views3 pages

Assignment 2

1. Prove various identities relating to derivatives of functions such as (ax+b)^n, log(ax+b), amx, etc. 2. Show that for the function y = acos(logx) + bsin(logx), the differential equation xy'' + xy' + y = 0 and other related equations hold. 3. Solve similar problems relating derivatives and differential equations for other functions like y = (x^2 - 1)^n, sinh[mlog(x+√(x^2+1))], etc.

Uploaded by

Faizan Ansari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment Based on Unit -2 (Engineering Mathematics)

1 (−1)𝑛 (𝑛!)𝑎𝑛
1. Prove that 𝐷𝑛 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏 ) = (𝑎𝑥+𝑏)𝑛+1
(−1)𝑛−1 (𝑛−1)!𝑎𝑛
2. Prove that 𝐷𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = (𝑎𝑥+𝑏)𝑛
3. Prove that 𝐷𝑛 (𝑎𝑚𝑥 ) = 𝑚𝑛 . (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎) . 𝑎 𝑛 𝑚𝑥

4. Prove that 𝐷𝑛 co s(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑛𝜋/2)


𝑛
𝑏
5. Prove that 𝐷𝑛 [𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) = (𝑎2 + 𝑏2 )2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 + 𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 )
𝑎
2 2
6. If 𝑦 = acos (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) + 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥),show that 𝑥 𝑦2 + 𝑥𝑦1 + 𝑦 = 0and 𝑥 𝑦𝑛+2 + (2𝑛 +
1)𝑥𝑦𝑛+1 + (𝑛 2 + 1)𝑦𝑛 = 0. Find (𝑦𝑛 )0 .
𝑥 𝑛
7. If 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑦/𝑏) = log (𝑛) , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑛+2 + (2𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑦𝑛+1 + 2𝑛2𝑦𝑛 = 0.
8. If 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 1)𝑛 , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (𝑥 2 − 1)𝑦𝑛+2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑛+1 − 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)𝑦𝑛 = 0.
𝑥−1 𝑥−𝑛 𝑥+𝑛
9. If = 𝑥 log(𝑥+1) , show that 𝑦𝑛 = (−1)𝑛−2 (𝑛 − 2)! [ (𝑥−1)𝑛 − (𝑥+1)𝑛 ].
10. If 𝑦 = sinh[𝑚 log(𝑥 + √(𝑥 2 + 1))] , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑦𝑛+2 + (2𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑦𝑛+1 +
(𝑛 2 − 𝑚2 )𝑦𝑛 = 0.
2𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥7
11. Prove that 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 2{𝑥 − + − + ⋯}
1+𝑥 2 3 5 7
𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥4
12. Prove that 𝑒 𝑥 −1 = 𝑒(𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + − +⋯}
2 6
𝑒𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥3
13. Prove that 𝑒 𝑥 +1 = + 4 − 48 +…
2
14. Expand 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 by Maclaurin’s series or otherwise upto the term containing 𝑥 4 .
2𝑎
15. Find the pedal equation of the curves (a) = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (b) 𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜃.
𝑟
16. Prove that the pedal equation of the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑎) is 𝑝2 = 𝑎𝑟.
17. Find the pedal equation of the curve 𝑟 𝑚 cos 𝑚𝜃 = 𝑎𝑚 .
18. Find the pedal equation of the curve 𝑟 𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚 (cos 𝑚𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝜃).
19. Prove that the radius of curvature at any point of the astroid 𝑥 2⁄3 + 𝑦 2⁄3 = 𝑎2⁄3 , is three
times the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the tangent at that point.
20. Show that the radius of curvature at any point of the cycloid 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 + sin 𝜃), 𝑦 =
𝜃
𝑎(1 − cos 𝜃) is 4𝑎 cos 2.
𝑎𝑥 2𝜌 𝑥 𝑦
21. For the curve 𝑦 = , show that ( )2⁄3 = ( )2 + ( )2.
𝑎+𝑥 𝑎 𝑦 𝑥
𝑥2 𝑦2 1 1 1 1
22. Prove that for the ellipse 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1or in the pedal form 𝑝2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑎2𝑏2, the radius
2 2
of curvature at the point (p, r) is 𝜌 = 𝑎 𝑏 ⁄𝑃3.
23. Find the radius of curvature at any point on the ellipse 𝑥 = 𝑎cos θ, y = bsin θ.
24. If P1 and P2 be the radii of curvature at the extremities of two conjugate semi-diameters of
𝑥2 𝑦2 ⁄3
the ellipse 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1, prove that (P1 2 + P2 2⁄3)(𝑎𝑏) 2⁄3 = 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2.
25. Prove that the evolute of the parabola 𝑥 2 = 4𝑏𝑦 is 27𝑥 2 = 4(𝑦 − 2𝑏)3.
26. Show that circle of curvature at the origin for the curve 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 𝑒𝑥 3 is
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦).
𝑥2 𝑦2
27. If the centre of curvature of the ellipse 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1 at one end of the minor axis lies at the
other end, then show that the eccentricity of the ellipse is1⁄√2.
𝑦 𝑥 𝜕2 𝑢 𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
28. If = 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 𝑥 − 𝑦 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 , show that 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 = 𝑥 2+𝑦 2 and 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 = 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥.

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
29. If 𝑎2+𝑢 + 𝑏2+𝑢 + 𝑐 2+𝑢 = 1, prove that ( 𝜕𝑥 )2 + ( 𝜕𝑦 )2 + ( 𝜕𝑧 )2 = 2(𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑧 𝜕𝑧 ).

𝜕2 𝑣 𝜕2 𝑣 𝜕2 𝑣
30. If 𝑣 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )−1⁄2, prove that 𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦 2 + 𝜕𝑧 2 = 0.

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
31. If 𝑧(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2, show that (𝜕𝑥 − 𝜕𝑦 ) = 4(1 − 𝜕𝑥 − 𝜕𝑦 ).

𝜕 𝜕𝑓 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
32. If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = (1 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )−1⁄2, show that 𝜕𝑥 [(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝜕𝑥 ] + 𝜕𝑦 [𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 ] = 0.

𝜕2 𝑟 𝜕2 𝑟 1 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧 2
33. If 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃, prove that 𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦 2 = 𝑟 [ (𝜕𝑥) + (𝜕𝑦) ].

𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 2
34. If 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑟) where, = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , show that 𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦 2 + 𝜕𝑥 2 = 𝑓 ′′ (𝑟) + 𝑟 𝑓 ′ (𝑟).

𝑑2𝑦 𝑞2 𝑟−2𝑝𝑞𝑠+𝑝2 𝑡
35. If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 is an implicit function, show that 𝑑𝑥 2 = − , where p, q, r, s
𝑞3
and t have their usual meaning.

𝑑𝑢
36. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 and 𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑡 cos 3𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑒 2𝑡 sin 3𝑡. Find as a total derivative and
𝑑𝑡
verify the results by direct substitution.

𝜕𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢 2 𝜕𝑢 2
37. If 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) and 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃, prove that ( 𝜕𝑥 ) + (𝜕𝑦 ) = ( 𝜕𝑟 ) +
1 𝜕𝑢 2
(𝜕𝜃 ) .
𝑟2

1 𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢
38. If 𝑢 = 𝑓(2𝑥 − 3𝑦, 3𝑦 − 4𝑧, 4𝑧 − 2𝑥), prove that 2 𝜕𝑥 + 3 𝜕𝑦 + 4 𝜕𝑧 = 0.

𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓
39. If by the substitution 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 , 𝑣 = 2𝑥𝑦, 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝜃(𝑢, 𝑣), show that 𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦 2 =
𝜕2 𝜃 𝜕2 𝜃
4(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2)(𝜕𝑢2 + 𝜕𝑣 2 )
𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
40. Transform 𝜕𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥 + 2(𝑦 − 𝑦 3 ) 𝜕𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2𝑧 = 0 by the substitution 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑣, 𝑦 =
1
. Hence show that z is the same function of u and v as of x and y.
𝑣

𝜕(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
41. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , 𝑣 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥, 𝑤 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧, find .
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)

𝑥+𝑦 𝜕(𝑢,𝑣)
42. If 𝑢 = 1−𝑥𝑦 and 𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 𝑦, find 𝜕(𝑥,𝑦).

43. Find the equations of the tangent plane and normal to the surface 2𝑥𝑧 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥 = 7
at the point (1, -1, 2).

44. Show the plane 3𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 6𝑧 − 17 = 0 touches the conicoid 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑦 2 + 9𝑧 2 + 17 =


0. Find also the point of contact.

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