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Unit 3 & 4 PDF

This document discusses key concepts related to dimensional and model analysis as well as centrifugal pumps and reciprocating pumps. For dimensional analysis, various physical quantities are defined along with their corresponding symbols and dimensional terms. Dimensionless numbers commonly used in model analysis like Rayleigh's number, Froude's number, Euler's number, and Weber's number are also introduced. The document then covers key concepts for centrifugal pumps including velocity diagrams, common terminology, considerations for water flow, equations for power developed, work done, discharge, manometric head, efficiency, minimum starting speed, and specific speed. Multistage centrifugal pumps are also briefly discussed. Reciprocating pumps are mentioned but not described in detail

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Pavithran J
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132 views5 pages

Unit 3 & 4 PDF

This document discusses key concepts related to dimensional and model analysis as well as centrifugal pumps and reciprocating pumps. For dimensional analysis, various physical quantities are defined along with their corresponding symbols and dimensional terms. Dimensionless numbers commonly used in model analysis like Rayleigh's number, Froude's number, Euler's number, and Weber's number are also introduced. The document then covers key concepts for centrifugal pumps including velocity diagrams, common terminology, considerations for water flow, equations for power developed, work done, discharge, manometric head, efficiency, minimum starting speed, and specific speed. Multistage centrifugal pumps are also briefly discussed. Reciprocating pumps are mentioned but not described in detail

Uploaded by

Pavithran J
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 3 - Dimensional and Model Analysis

S. No. Quantity Symbol Unit M,L,T Terms


1 Mass M Kg M
2 Length L Metre L
3 Time T Seconds T
4 Area A m2 L2
5 Volume V m3 L3
6 Velocity V m/s LT-1
7 Angular velocity ω rad/sec T-1
8 Acceleration a m/s2 LT-2
9 Angular acceleration Α rad/s2 T-2
10 Discharge Q m3/s L3T-1
11 Acceleration due to gravity G m/s2 LT-2
12 Kinematic viscosity υ m2/s L2T-1

13 Force F N= MLT-2

14 Weight w N MLT-2
15 Density ρ Kg/m3 ML-3
16 Specific weight W N/m3 ML-2T-2
17 Dynamic viscosity µ Ns/m2 ML-1T-1
18 Pressure intensity P N/m2 ML-1T-2
19 Modulus of elasticity E N/m2 ML-1T-2
20 Surface tension σ Kg/s2 MT-2
21 Shear stress τ N/m2 ML-1T-2
22 Work, energy W or E Nm ML2T-2
23 Power P Nm/s ML2T-3
24 Torque T Nm ML2T-2
25 Momentum m Kg.m/s MLT-1
26 Roughness k m L
27 Thrust, Drag, Resistance F N= MLT-2

Model Analysis

1. Rayleigh’s Number

2. Froude’s Number

√
√
3. Euler’s Number

√ √
4. Weber’s Number

√ √

5. Mach’s Number

√ √
Unit 4 – Centrifugal Pumps and Reciprocating Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps

1. Velocity Diagram of Centrifugal Pump

2. Terminologies used
θ - Vane angle at inlet
ϕ - Vane angle at outlet
α - Angle made by absolute velocity (V1) at inlet with the direction of motion of vane
β - Angle made by absolute velocity (V2) at outlet with the direction of motion of vane
V1 - Absolute velocity at inlet
V2 - Absolute velocity at outlet
VW1 - Whirl velocity at inlet
VW2 - Whirl velocity at outlet
D1 - Diameter of impeller at inlet
D2 - Diameter of impeller at outlet
N - Speed in rpm
ω – Angular velocity in rad/sec
Vf1 - Flow velocity at inlet
Vf2 - Flow velocity at outlet
B1 – Width of impeller at inlet
B2 – Width of impeller at outlet
3. Considerations
Water enters radially (for best efficiency), Hence
α = 900
VW1 = 0
4. Tangential Velocity
U1 = , U2 =
5. Power developed
[ ]
P=
Here W = Weight of water lifted (W = ρgQ)
6. Work done by the impeller on water per second
W= [ ]
Work done by the impeller on water per second per unit weight
W= [ ]
7. Weight of water
W=
8. Discharge of water
Q = Area x velocity of flow
= Π D2 B2 x Vf2
= Π D1 B1 x Vf1
9. Manometric Head
[ ]
Hm = – loss of head in the pump
[ ]
Hm = (if no loss is given)

Hm = ( ) ( )
10. Efficiency
a. Manometric Efficiency

b. Mechanical Efficiency
[ ]

Shaft power
c. Overall Efficiency
11. Minimum Speed for starting a centrifugal pump

[ ]
12. Multistage Centrifugal Pumps
For High heads (Series connection)
Total Head = nHm
For high Discharge
Total Discharge = nQ
13. Specific Speed (Important)
The specific speed of a centrifugal pump is defined as the speed of a geometrically similar
pump which would deliver one cubic metre of liquid per second against a head of one
metre. It is denoted by Ns
√

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