This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT) Committee.

Designation: A350/A350M-18
Ferrous & Nonferrous Flange Supplier: Shijiazhuang Metalsin Pipeline Tech Co, Ltd.
Website: www.pipingpipeline.com | Standard Specification: ASTM A350/A350M Grade LF1,LF2,LF3,LF5,LF6,LF9,LF787

Standard Specification for

Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch
Toughness Testing for Piping Components1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A350/A350M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision,
the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon(Ɛ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers several grades of carbon and low-alloy steel
forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and valves intended primarily Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes5
for low-temperature service and requiring notch toughness testing. They are 2.5 API Standards:6
made to specified dimensions, or to dimensional standards, such as the Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-welding Ends
ASME and API Specifications referenced in Section . Although this Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery Use
specification covers some piping components machined from rolled bar and Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges
seamless tubular materials (see ), it does not cover raw material ________________
produced in thest product forms. 1
This Specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless steel and
1.2 No limitation on size is intended beyond the ability of the related Alloy and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought
manufacturer to obtain the specified requirements. However, Class 3 of Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Grade LF787 is only available in the quenched-and-precipitation heat Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally approved in 1952. Last
treated condition. previous edition approved in 2017 as A350/A350M-17. DOI: 10.1520/A0350_A350M-18.
1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional 2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-350 in
testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified by Section Ⅱ of that Code.
the purchase in the order. 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM Website. www.astm,org, or contact ASTM
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,
units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 4
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New
regarded separatedly as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in 5
Available from American Welding Society(AWS). 550 NW Lejeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126,
brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; http://www.aws.org.
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 6
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070,
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the http://api-ec.api.org.
standard.
1.6 This international standard wad developed in accordance with 3. Ordering Information
internationaly recognized principles on standard-ization established in the 3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the purchase order
Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standard, information necessary to purchase the needed material. In addition to the
Guides and recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization ordering information guidelines in Specification , orders
Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT) Committee. should include the following information:
3.1.1 The number of test reports required(see Section ).
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 Additional requirements(see footnotes).
2.1 ASTM Standards:3 3.1.3 Options in the specification. See
Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements.
Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, 4. General Requirements
Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications 4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the
2.2 ASME Standards: requirements of Specification constitutes nonconformance
Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings4 with this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements of this
Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings4 specification and specification , this specification shall
Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Ferrous Valves.4 prevail.
Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded4
Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions4 5. Manufacture
Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End4 5.1 Melting Process-The steel shall be produced by any of the following
Large Diameter Steel Flanges4 primary processes: open-hearth, basic oxygen, electric-furnace, or
2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessal Code: vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The primary melting may incorporate
2
separate degassing or refiningm and may be followed by secondary melting
2.4 AWS Standards: using electroslag remelting (ESR), or vacuum-arc remelting (VAR).
Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes5 5.1.1 The steel shall be fully killed, fine-grain practice.
 5.1.2 The molten steel may be vacuum treated prior to or during pouring of 6.2 Product Analysis:
the ingot. 6.2.1 The purchaser may make a product analysis on products supplied to
5.2 Discard-A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom from this specification in accordance with Specification
injurious piping and undue segregation.
5.3 Forging Process: 7. Mechanical Properties
5.3.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots, or forged, rolled, or 7.1 Tension Tests:
strandcast blooms, billets, slabs, or bars. 7.1.1 Requirements-The material shall conform to requirements for tensile
5.3.2 The finished product shall be a forging as defined in the Terminology properties in .
section of Specification The test specimen shall be obtained from a rough or finished
5.3.3 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically-shaped parts may forging, or prolongation thereof. For forgings under 10000 lbs, at time of
be machined from rolled bar or seamless tubular materials provided that the heat treatment, it may be obtained from separately forged test blanks from
axial length of the part is approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the same heat of steel as the production forgings. The test blank shall be
the stock. Other parts, excluding flanges of ally types, may be machined reduced by forging in a manner similar to that for the products represented,
from hot-rolled or forged bar up through and including NPS4. Elbows, and shall receive approximately the same hot working and reduction and the
return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar same heat treatment as the finished products represented. The test material
stock. shall be treated in the same furnace at the same time as the forging it
5.4 Heat Treatment: represents, subject to the requirements of
5.4.1 After hot working and before reheating for heat treatment, the forging 7.1.1.2 The test specimen shall represent all forgings from the same heat
shall be allowed to cool substantially below the transformation range. and heat-treatment load whose maximum thicknesses do not exceed the
5.4.2 Forgings of graded other than Grade LF787 shall be furnished in the thickness of the test forging or blank by more than 1/4 in. [6mm].
normalized, or normalized and tempered. or quenched and tempered 7.1.2 Number of Tests-One tension test at room temperature shall be made
condition. At the option of the manufacturer, forgings furnished in the in accordance with from each heat in each heat-treatment load.
quenched and tempered condition may be normalized prior to the 7.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuous or a batch-type
austenitize/quench operation. furnace controlled within ±25℉[±14℃] of the required heat-treatment
5.4.2.1 Quenching shall consist of either: temperature and equipped with recording pyrometers so that complete
(1) fully austenitizing the forgings followed by quenching in a suitable records of heat treatment are available and if the same heat-treating cycles
liquid medium, or are used on the forgings represented by the tension test, then one tension
(2) using a multiple stage procedure whereby the forging is first fully test from each heat shall be required, instead of one tension test from each
austenitized and rapidly cooled, then reheated to partially re-asutenitize, heat in each heat treatment load in accordance with
followed by quenching in a suitable liquid medium. 7.1.3 Test Locations and Orientations-The test specimen shall be removed
(3) Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the choice of (1) or (2) from the heaviest section of the forging or test blank, at locations described
shall be at the option of the manufacturer. in , , or as close to these locations as practical, subject
5.4.2.2 All quenched forgings shall be tempered to to forging size and geometry.
5.4.2.3 Forgings, when tempered, shall be tempered at 1100℉[590℃], 7.1.3.1 For forgings or test blanks having a maximum heat-treated
minimum, holding at temperature a minimum of 30 min/in. [30min/25mm] thickness, T, of 2 in. [50 mm] or less, the longitudinal axis of the test
of maximum thickness, but in no case less than 30 min. specimen shall be taken at mid-thickness and its mid-length shall be at least
5.4.3 Grade LF787 forgings shall be furnished in either the 2 in.[50 mm] from all other heat treated surfaces, exclusive of the T
normalized-and-precipitation heat treated condition. The heat treatment dimension surfaces. Exclusive of the T dimension surfaces. (This is
procedures shall be as follows: normally referred to as 1/2 T by 2 in[50mm]). See Fig. 1 for test specimen
5.4.3.1 Normalized-and-precipitation Heat Treated-Austenitize in the location in separately forged test blanks.
range from1600 to 1725℉ [870 to 940℃] for not less than 1/2 h, and 7.1.3.2 For forgings or test blanks having a maximum heat-treated
remove from The furnace and cool in air. Subsequently, artificially age in thickness, T, greater than 2 in. [50mm]:
the range from 1000 to 1200℉[540 to 650℃] for not less than 1/2 h, and (1) Except as stated in (2) and (3), the central axis of the
cool at any convenient rate. test specimen shall be taken at least 1/4 T from the nearest heat-treated
5.4.3.2 Quenched-and-precipitation Heat Treated-Austenitize in the surface and its mid-length shall be at least 2 in. [50 mm] from all other
range from 1600 to 1725℉[870 to 940℃] for not less than 1/2h and quench heat treated surfaces, exclusive of the T dimension surfaces. See for
in a suitable liquid medium by immersion; artificially age in the range from test specimen location in separately forged test blanks.
1000 to 1225℉[540 to 665℃] for not less than 1/2h, and cool at any (2) For quenched-and-tempered or for quenched-and
convenient rate. precipitation-heat-treated forgings, the central axis of the test specimen
shall be taken at least 1/4 T from the nearest heat treated surface, and the
6. Chemical Composition mid-length of the test specimen shall be at least T from all other heat
6.1 Heat Analysis: treated surfaces, exclusive of the T dimension surfaces. See for test
specimen location in separately forged test blanks.

6.1.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specification

shall be made and conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition prescribed in . Leaded steels shall not be
permitted.
 7.2 Impact Test:
7.2.1 Requirements- The material shall conform to the requirements for
impact properties in when tested at the applicable standard
temperature in within the limits of and . When
subsize specimens are used, the impact energy values obtained shall
conform to at impact energy values obtained shall conform to Table
5 at energy values proportional to standard size. Exceptions to this
requirement are permissible when Supplementary Requirement S1 is
specified by the purchaser. Impact tests may be made at temperatures
different from those in , provided that the test temperature is at least
as low as the intended service temperature, and that the forging is suitably
marked to identify the reported test temperature.
7.2.1.1 The test specimens shall be machined from material obtained as
in .
(3) For quenched-and-tempered or for 7.2.2 Number of Tests-Three specimens shall constitute one test set. There
quenched-and-precipitation-heat-treated forgings that have a W/T ratio＜2, shall be the same number of test sets as tension tests in .
the central axis of the test specimen shall be taken at least 1/4 T from the 7.2.3 Test Locations and Orientations-The test specimen shall be located
neartest heat-treated surface, and at mid-width of the forging, where W is and oriented as described in . The area under the notch of the impact
the width of the forging. The test specimen mid-length shall be at least T test specimen shall be used to locate the specimen with respect to the
from the ends of the forging or test blank. See for test specimen second heat-treated surface. The base of the notch shall be perpendicular to
location in separately forged test blank. the nearest heat-treated surface.
7.1.3.3 Metal Buffers-The required distances from heat treated surfaces for 7.2.4 Test Method-The notched bar impact test shall be made in
the test locations described in and may be obtained with accordance with the procedure for the Charpy V-notch type test as specified
metal buffers instead of integral expansions. Buffer material may be carbon in Specification
or low alloy steel, and shall be joined to the forging with a partial 7.2.4.1 Standard size specimens shall be used for the impact test. Where
penetration weld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens shall be located the material is of insufficient thickness, or the shape of the forging
at 1/2 in. [13 mm] minimum from the buffered surface of the forging. precludes standard size, the largest obtainable subsize specimen shall be
Buffers shall be removed after heat treatment and the welded areas used.
subjected to magnetic particle test to assure freedom from cracks unless the 7.2.4.2 Where subsize specimens are used and represent forged material
welded areas are completely removed by subsequent machining. with thicknesses equal to or greater than 0.394 in. [10 mm], and where the
7.1.3.4 The test specimen shall have its longitudinal axis located parallel largest obtainable specimen has a width along the notch of at least 8 mm,
to the direction of major working of the forging or test blank. such specimen shall be tested at the temperature in . Where the
7.1.3.5 With prior purchaser approval, tests may be taken at a depth (t) largest obtainable specimen has a width along the notch less than 8 mm, the
corresponding to the distance from the area of significant loading to the temperature for testing shall be lower than the temperature in by the
nearest heat treated surface and at least twice this distance (2t) from any amount shown in for the actual specimen width tested.
second surface. However, the test depth shall not be nearer to one treated 7.2.4.3 Where subsize specimens are used and represent forged material
surface than 3/4 in. [19mm] and to the second treated surface than 1-1/2 in. with thicknesses less than 0.394 in. [10 mm], and where the largest
[38 mm]. This method of test location would normally apply to obtainable specimen has a width along the notch of at least 80% of the
contour-forged parts, or parts with thick cross-sectional areas where 1/4 T× forging thickness, the specimen shall be tested at the temperature in .
T testing ( ) is not practical. Sketches showing the exact test locations Where the largest obtainable specimen has a width along the notch of less
shall be approved by the purchaser when this method is used. than 80% of the material thickness, the temperature for testing shall be
7.1.4 Test Method-Testing shall be performed as specified in Spefication lower than the temperature in by an amount equal to the difference
. The test specimen shall be as large as is practicable and shall (referring to ) between the temperature reduction corresponding to
be machined to the form and dimensions in Specification . the thickness of the material represented, and the temperature reduction
When seamless tubular materials are used, testing shall be performed in corresponding to the specimen width actually tested.
longitudinal specimens as specified in Specification .
 7.3 Hardness Test:
7.3.1 Except when only one forging is produced, a minimum of two
forging shall be hardness tested per batch or continuous run as defined in
to ensure that hardness of the forgings does not exceed 197 HBW
after heat treatment for mechanical properties. The hardness measurements
shall be made as specified in Specification . When only one
forging is produced, it shall be hardness tested to ensure that it meets the
197 HBW maximum of this specification. The purchaser may verify that
this requirement has been met by testing at any location on the forging,
provided that such testing does not render the forging useless.

8. Hydrostatic Test
8.1 Forgings manufactured under this specification shall be capable of
passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the rating of the finished item.
Such tests shall be conducted by the manufacturer only when
Supplementary Requirement S57 of Specification is
specified.

9. Surface Finish, Appearance, and Corrosion Protection

9.1 Forgings and finished parts shall conform to the requirements of
Specification .

10. Retests
10.1 If any test specimen shows flaws or defective machining, it may be
discarded and another specimen substituted.

11. Rework and Retreatment

11.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to the
requirement specified, the manufacturer may reheat treat the forgings
represented, and shall retest to the applicable requirements.
11.2 Individually tested forgings meeting all requirements shall be
acceptable.
11.3 Repair by Welding- Weld repairs shall be permitted (see
Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specification ) at the
 discretion of the manufacturer with the following limitations and 15. Product Marking
requirements: 15.1 In additiong to the marking requirements of Specification
11.3.1 Repair by welding shall be made using welding procedures and , the following additional requirements shall apply:
welders qualified in accordance with ASME Section IX of the Code. The 15.1.1 If the forging have been quenched and tempered or
weld procedure qualification test shall also include impact tests of the weld quenched-and-precipitation heat treated, the letters QT shall be stamped on
metal and heat affected zone. All impact test specimens shall have the the forgings following the ASTM designation.
longitudinal axis transverse to the weld and the base of the notch normal to 15.1.2 Forging repaired by welding shall be marked with the letter W
the weld surface. Weld specimens shall have the notch in weld metal and following the ASTM designation.
heat-affected zone specimens shall have the notch in the heat-affected zone. 15.1.3 If identification stamps are objectionable and detrimental to the
The specimens shall be as large as permitted by the weldment thickness. forging, and when so stated on the purchase order, the marks may be
Where full-size specimens can be obtained and where there is sufficient painted or stenciled on the forging, or stamped on a metal or plastic tag
weldment thickness, the weld specimen shall be taken with one side of the which shall be securely attached to the forging.
specimen within 1/16 in. [1.6 mm] of the weld surface. Heat-affected zone 15.1.4 Additional marks shall be used as necessary to identify the part with
impact test specimens shall be taken at the same depth and locations the test report.
applicable to the forging in and . When forgings are thermally 15.1.5 If the test temperature is other than the standard temperature
treated after repair welding, the weld procedure test plate shall be subjected specified in , the mark shall also include the suffix letter S to the
to the same thermal treatment. The mechanical properties of the weld grade and class and the test temperature. A prefix 0 to the test temperature
procedure qualification test shall conform to Section . shall indicate a less than 0℉[-18℃] value. For example, LF2S 0175
11.3.2 Defects shall be completely removed by chipping or grinding to denotes a test temperature of -175℉[-115℃] for an LF2 part.
sound metal as verified by magnetic particle, or liquid penetrant inspection 15.1.6 Parts meeting all requirements for more than one class may be
prior to welding. marked with more than one class such as LF2 CL1/C12; LF5 CL1/CL2, and
11.3.3 For Grade LF1 forings, and LF2 forgings that are to be only so forth.
stress-relieved after repair welding, the weld metal shall be deposited using 15.2 Bar Coding-In addition to the requirements in , bar coding is
carbon steel electrodes E 7015, E 7016, or E 7018, complying with AWS A acceptable as a supplemental identification method. The purchaser may
5.1. For Grade LF2 forgings in all other conditions of post-weld heat specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used. The bar coding
treatment, the weld metal shall be deposited using low-alloy steel electrodes system, if applied at the discretion of the supplier, should be consistent with
E 7015-A1; E7016-A1, or E 7018-A1 complying with AWS 5.5; for Grade one of the published industry standards for bar coding. If used on small
LF3 forgings the weld metal shall be deposited using low-alloy steel parts, the bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied tag.
electrodes E 8016-C2 or E8018-C2 complying with AWS A 5.5; for Grades 16. Keywords
LF5, LF9, and LF787 forgings, the weld metal shall be deposited using 16.1 carbon equivalent; pipe fittings, steel; piping applications; pressure
low-alloy steel electrodes E 8016-C1 or E8018-C1 complying with AWS A containing parts; steel flanges; steel forgings, alloy; steel forgings, carbon;
5.5. For Grade LF6, the electrodes shall be low-hydrogen, E-XX15, steel valves; temperature service application, low
E-XX18 complying with AWS A5.1 or A5.5, as applicable.
11.3.4 Afer repair welding, the area welded shall be completely free of SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
defects as verified by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant inspection.
11.3.5 Forgings repair welded in the normalized, normalized and tempered, In addition to any supplementary requirements of Specification
or the quenched and tempered conditions shall be stress-relieved after repair A961/A961M, the following supplementary requirements shall apply only
welding at 1100 ℉[590 ℃] minimum, but not higher than the temperature when specified by the purchaser in the order:
previously used for tempering the base metal of the same forging, or shall S1. Other Impact Test Temperatures
be reheat treated in accordance with . S1.1 Impact test temperatures lower or higher than the standard
11.3.6 When the purchaser specifies Supplementary Requirement S5, the temperature in of this specification shall be used.
same requirements shall apply to the weld procedure qualification tests. S1.1.1 When higher test temperature are employed, the actual test
11.3.7 Repair by welding shall not exceed 10% of the surface area of the temperature may not be higher than that given in .
forging or 33-1/3% of the wall thickness of the finished forging, or 3/8 S1.2 The test temperature shall be specified by the purchaser. When
in.[9.5 mm], whichever is less, without prior approval of the purchaser. subsize specimens are used, the manufacturer shall adjust the test
11.3.8 When approval of the purchaser is obtained, the limitations set forth temperature in accordance with the size restrictions of and .
in may be exceeded, but all other requirements of shall apply. S1.3 The forging shall be marked with the specified test temperature in
accordance with . A lower temperature shall not be marked on the
12. Inspection forging because of the used of subsize specimens.
12.1 Inspection provisions of Specification shall apply. S1.4 The test results shall comply with for standard size
specimens, and with for subsize specimens.
13. Rejection and Rehearing S2. Stess-Relieved Test Specimens
13.1 Purchaser shall comply with provisions of Specification S2.1 The test specimens shall be stress relieved. Stress relieving shall be
. done after heat-treatment in and before machining the specimens from
the heat-treated test material.
14. Certification S2.2 The purchaser shall furnish the forging manufacturer with details of
14.1 In addition to the requirements of Specification test the stress-relied treatment desired.
reports shall be furnished to the purchaser or his representative. Test reports S3. Lateral Expansion
shall provide the following where applicable: S3.1 Lateral expansion of the charpy V-notch test shall be measured and
14.1.1 Type heat treatment, Section , reported.
14.1.2 Chemical analysis results, Section ( ), reported results shall
be to the same number of significant figures as the limits specified in
for that element,
14.1.3 Product analysis results, ( ),
14.1.4 Tensile property results, Section ( ) report the yield strength
and ultimate strength, in ksi [MPa], elongation and reduction in area, in
percent,
14.1.5 Impact test results, ( , , , and ),
14.1.6 Hardness results, , and
14.1.7 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase order.
S4. Vacuum Carbon-Deoxidized Steels
S4.1 Material made to Grades LF1, LF2, LF3, LF5, and LF9 shall be
vacuum carbon-deoxidized, in which case the silicon content shall be 0.12%
maximum. The test report shall indicate that the steel was vacuum
carbon-deoxidized.
S5. Special Impact Test Requirements for Flanges ( )
S5.1 Charpy test specimens shall be cut from an actual flange representing
each size, heat, and heat-treatment lot. If more than one size flange is
represented by the same heat and heat-treatment lot, the maximum size
flange shall be considered representative.
S5.2 The number, location, and orientation of the test specimens shall be
stated on the order.
S5.3 The test results shall comply with for standard size specimens,
and with for subsize specimens.
Note S5.1- These special requirements should be considered for services when the applied stresses
approach the maximum permissible limites of the governing code, or the installation is subject to
severe cyclic conditions (7000 or more cycles over the expected life of the installation), or both.

S6. Carbon Equivalent

S6.1 The maximum carbon equivalent based on heat analysis shall be as
shown in .

S6.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:

CE= C+ Mn/6+(Cr +Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15
S6.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed upon between the
supplier and the purchaser.