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    Zacharias Jansen and The First Compound Microscope

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    Sapta Meiga
    The microscope was invented in the late 16th century by Zacharias Jansen and his father Hans who created the first compound microscope. They placed multiple lenses in a tube which allowed for greater magnification than a single magnifying glass. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later improved the design and achieved up to 270x magnification, allowing him to be the first to observe and describe bacteria and blood cells. Robert Hooke's 1665 book Micrographia featured early microscopic observations and coined the term "cell". Later improvements to lens quality and manufacturing led to the development of the modern compound microscope.

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    Zacharias Jansen and The First Compound Microscope

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    Sapta Meiga
    43 views4 pages
    The microscope was invented in the late 16th century by Zacharias Jansen and his father Hans who created the first compound microscope. They placed multiple lenses in a tube which allowed for greater magnification than a single magnifying glass. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later improved the design and achieved up to 270x magnification, allowing him to be the first to observe and describe bacteria and blood cells. Robert Hooke's 1665 book Micrographia featured early microscopic observations and coined the term "cell". Later improvements to lens quality and manufacturing led to the development of the modern compound microscope.

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    MICROSCOPE.docx

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    The microscope was invented in the late 16th century by Zacharias Jansen and his father Hans who created the first compound microscope. They placed multiple lenses in a tube which allowed for greater magnification than a single magnifying glass. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later improved the design and achieved up to 270x magnification, allowing him to be the first to observe and describe bacteria and blood cells. Robert Hooke's 1665 book Micrographia featured early microscopic observations and coined the term "cell". Later improvements to lens quality and manufacturing led to the development of the modern compound microscope.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    43 views4 pages

    Zacharias Jansen and The First Compound Microscope

    Uploaded by

    Sapta Meiga
    The microscope was invented in the late 16th century by Zacharias Jansen and his father Hans who created the first compound microscope. They placed multiple lenses in a tube which allowed for greater magnification than a single magnifying glass. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later improved the design and achieved up to 270x magnification, allowing him to be the first to observe and describe bacteria and blood cells. Robert Hooke's 1665 book Micrographia featured early microscopic observations and coined the term "cell". Later improvements to lens quality and manufacturing led to the development of the modern compound microscope.

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    MICROSCOPE

    Microscope an optical instrument that use lens or a combination of lenses to prodecu magnified
    images of small objects too small to be seen by the unaided eye. Microscope an instrument, such as an
    electron microscope, that uses electronic or other processes ti magnify objects.

    So, we tell to you who and when invented the microscop?

    Like many inventions today there are disputes in origins of the original inventors. The same
    dispute applies to who invented the microscope. Dating back to the first century when glass was forst
    invented, the Roman’s were investigating the use of glass and how viewing objects throught it, made the
    objects appear larger.

    Then, in the 13th Salvino D’Armate from Italy, made the first eye glass, providing the wearer with
    an element of magnification to one eye.

    The earlist simple forms of magnification were magnifying glasses, usually abaout 6x – 10x and
    were used for inspecting tiny insect such as fleas, hence these early magnifiers called “flea gasses”.

    Zacharias Jansen and the first compound microscope

    Then, during the 1590’s, two Dutch Spectacle makers, Zacharias Jansen and his father Hand started
    experimenting with these lenses. They put several lensesin a tube and made a very important discovery.
    The object near the end of the tube appeared ti be greatlyenlarged, much larger than any simple
    magnifying glass could achieve by itself.

    Their first microscopes were more of a novelty than a scientific tool since maximum
    magnification was only around 9x and the images were somewhat blurry. Although no Jansen
    microscopes survived, and instrument made for Dutch royalty was described as being composed of "3
    sliding tubes, measuring 18 inches long when fully extended, and two inches in diameter”. The
    microscope was said to have a magnification of 3x hen fully closed, and 9x when fully extended.

    It is believe that Zacharias Jansen’s father, Hans, helped him build the first microscope in 1595.
    Zacharias wrote to a Dutch diplomat, William Boreel, about the invention. When the physician of the
    French king inquired about the invention in the 1650’s,Boreel recounted the design of the microscope.

    Anton van Leeuwenhoek

    It was Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), a Dutch draper and scientist, and one of the
    pioneers of icroscopy who the late 17th century became the first man to make and use a real
    microscope.

    Van Leeuwenhoek achieved grater success than this contemporaries by developing ways to
    make superior lensed, grinding and polishing five hundred and fifty lenses to make his new lens tube
    that had a magnifying power of 270x and could view objects one million of a meter (other microscope of
    the time were lucky to achieve 50x magnification).

    Van Leeuwenhoek made many biological discoveries using his microscopes. He was the first to
    see an describe bacteria, yeast plants, the feeming life in a drop of water, and the circulation of blood
    corpuscles in pioneer studies on an extraordinary variety of things, both living and non living, and
    reported his findings in over a hundred letters to the Royal Society of England and the French Academy.

    Van Leeuwenhoek work was verified and further developed by engkish scientist Robert Hooke,
    who published the first work of microscopic studies, Micrographia, in 1665. Robert Hooke’s detailed
    studies furthered study in the field of microbiology in England and advanced biological science as a
    whole.

    Hooke’s Micrographia

    Robert Hooke published Micrographia in 1665. T is this mst famoys work and is notable for the
    stunning illustrations, drawn by Hooke himself. Micrographia presents several account of Hooke’s
    observations throught the use of the microscope. He looked at all sorts of things (snow, a needle, a
    razor, etc.) with a primitive compound microscope, but his most significant observation were dobe on
    fleas and cork. He observed the fleas under the microscope and was able to observe the tiny hairs on
    the fleas’ bodies. On the cork he saw pores. Upon examination of the pores, he decided to call them
    “cells”, however, he did not know he had just discovered plant cells.

    Despite tehese great achievements in microscopy, microscopes didn’tchange much over the
    next 200 years, even though there were imperfections when viewing an object due to the different
    refraction of light in the 1850’s, German engineer Carl Zeiss began making refinements to the lenses he
    used in the microscope he manufactured in the 1880’s, Zeiss hired glass specialist Otto Schott, who
    conducted research on optical glass, greatly contributing to the improvement of the optical quality op
    the microscope.

    We should also mention Ernst Abbe, who was hired by Zeiss to improve the manufacturing
    process of optical instrument, which back then was largely based on trial and error. In a long and fruitful
    collaboration, Abbe carried out theoretical studies of optical principles, improving the understanding of
    the optical quality of a microscope.

    Modern Compound Microscope

    With the advancement of technology and improved optics, the microscope as we know it today
    came into being.

    The theoretical minimum size able to be viewed by an optical microscope is 200nm (as defined
    by Abbe), since optical microscope are only able focus on objects that are at least the size of a
    wavekength of light (usually, a wavelength of around 550 nm is assumed).
    An electron microscope, in contrast, can magnify images thousand of times smaller than a
    wavelength of light.

    Microscope such as :

    1. Angioscope – a modified microscope used go study capillary wessels.


    2. Camera lucida – an optical device consisting of an attachment that enables an observer to view
    simultaneously the image and a drawing surface for sketching it.
    3. Electron miroscop – a microscope that is similar In purpose to a light microscope but achieves
    much greater resolving power by using a parallel beam of electrons to illuminate the object
    instead of a beam of light.
    4. Light microscope – microscope consisting of an optical instrument that magnifies the image of
    an object.
    5. Magnifier – a scientific instrument that magnifies an images.

    From the renaissance era ofhuman society to the modern era, the microscope has made a
    tremendous contribution leading to revolutionary breaktroughts in science and technology.

    Human thingking has been impacted and our curiosity has been ignited. Our daily lives with
    modern electronics, medicine and foof have been greatly impacted by technology originting from
    discoveries in microscopy confirming that the microscope is a vital scientific instrument not be over
    looked.

    MicroscopeMaster offers a list of valueable articles showingtge variety of microscopy applications,

    Life sciences :

    - Cell biology research


    - Blood microscopy
    - Surgical
    - Immunohistochemistry

    Nanotechnology :

    - Concepts and dangers of Nanotechnology


    - Nanobots – Uses in Medicine and Inductry
    - Carbon nanotubes
    - Biotechnology

    Pathology :

    - Histopathology
    - Digital pathology
    - Cytopathology
    - Phytopathology
    - Forensic pathology

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