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14.beam Analysis Using The Stiffness Method PDF

This document summarizes the stiffness method for beam analysis. It outlines the process of determining member and global stiffness matrices based on force-displacement relationships of individual beam elements. The global stiffness matrix relates the total applied loads to displacements in the structure. This matrix is partitioned to solve for unknown displacements and member forces. The example shows applying this method to determine support reactions for beams with known cross-sections, loads, and displacements.

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155 views23 pages

14.beam Analysis Using The Stiffness Method PDF

This document summarizes the stiffness method for beam analysis. It outlines the process of determining member and global stiffness matrices based on force-displacement relationships of individual beam elements. The global stiffness matrix relates the total applied loads to displacements in the structure. This matrix is partitioned to solve for unknown displacements and member forces. The example shows applying this method to determine support reactions for beams with known cross-sections, loads, and displacements.

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jackson
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Chapter 15 Beam Analysis Using

the Stiffness Method


Structural Mechanics 2

Dept of Arch Eng, Ajou Univ


Outline
• Preliminary Remarks
• Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
• Beam-Structure Stiffness Matrix
• Application of the Stiffness Method for
Beam Analysis
15-1 Preliminary Remarks
• Member and node identification
– Each element must be free from load and
have a prismatic cross section
– Nodes of each element are located at a
support or at points where
• members are connected together
• an external force is applied
• cross-sectional area suddenly changes
• vertical or rotational displacement at a point is to
be determined
15-1 Preliminary Remarks
• Global and member (local) coordinates
– identified using x, y, z axes
– local or member x’, y’, z’ coordinates

※ Right-handed
coordinate system
15-1 Preliminary Remarks
• Kinematic indeterminacy
– Effects of bending and shear can be
expressed by two degrees of freedom,
vertical displacement and rotation
– Will be identified by code numbers
– The lowest code numbers to identify
unknown displacement, while the highest
numbers for known displacement
15-1 Preliminary Remarks
• Kinematic indeterminacy (unknown DOF)

Kinematically indeterminate
to 4th degree: 1, 2, 3, 4

Kinematically indeterminate to
5th degree: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Kinematically indeterminate to
5th degree: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
15-2 Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix

• Force ― displacement relationship in


local x', y', z' coordinate system
15-2 Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix

• y' displacement
– A positive displacement dNy’ is imposed while
other possible displacement are prevented
15-2 Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix

• z' rotation
– A positive rotation dNz’ is imposed while other
possible displacement are prevented
15-2 Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix

• Force-displacement relationship can be


obtained by superposing transverse and
rotation displacements

q  k d 
15-3 Beam-Structure Stiffness Matrix

• structure stiffness matrix K can be


obtained by assembling member stiffness
matrices
• Where several members are connected at
a node, their member stiffness influence
coefficients will have the same position in
the K matrix and therefore must be
algebraically added
15-4 Application of the Stiffness
Method for Beam Analysis
• Load and displacement relationship
Q  K D
• Partitioning the stiffness matrix into the
known and unknown elements of load and
displacement
15-4 Application of the Stiffness
Method for Beam Analysis
• Expanding into 2 equation
Qk   K11 Du  K12 Dk 
Qu   K 21 Du  K 22 Dk 
• Determine the unknown displacement {Du}
from the first of equations
• The support reactions {Qu} are then
computed from the second equation
15-4 Application of the Stiffness
Method for Beam Analysis
• Intermediate loadings
15-4 Application of the Stiffness
Method for Beam Analysis
• Member forces

q  k d  qo 


where qo  fixed  end reactions
Example 15.1 Determine the reactions
at the supports. EI=const.

 0 1
 5  2
Qk   
 0 3
 
 0 4

0  5
Dk   
0  6
Example 15.1 Determine the reactions
at the supports. EI=const.

Q  K D
Example 15.1 Determine the reactions
at the supports. EI=const.
0  2 D1  1.5 D2  D3  0
5
  1.5 D1  1.5 D2  1.5D3  0
EI
0  D1  1.5 D2  4 D3  D4
0  0  0  D3  2 D4

16.67 26.67 6.67 3.33


D1   , D2   , D3   , D4 
EI EI EI EI

 Q5  10kN , Q6  5kN
Example 15.3 Determine the
reactions at supports
• The beam in Fig 15.10(a) is subjected to
the 2 couple moments
• If the center support 2 settles 1.5mm,
determine the reactions at the supports
• E = 200GPa, I = 22(10-6)m4
Example 15.3 Determine the
reactions at supports
• The beam has 2 elements and 3 unknown
degree of freedom
 4 1  0 4
Qk   0  2 Dk   0.0015 5
 4  3  0  6
Example 15.3 Determine the
reactions at supports
Example 15.3 Determine the
reactions at supports

Q  K D
Example 15.3 Determine the
reactions at supports
4
 2 D1  D2  0 D3  1.5(0)  1.5(0.0015)  0
EI
0  1D1  4 D2  1D3  1.5(0)  0  0
4
  0 D1  1D2  2 D3  0  1.5(0.0015)  0
EI
D1  0.001580 rad ; D2  0 ; D3  0.001580 rad

Q4  0.525kN ; Q5  1.05kN ; Q6  0.525kN

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