INSTALLATION,

GEOVIEW, ELOG AND

VIEW3D GUIDES

A. Installation

B. GeoView Guide

C. eLog Guide

D. View3D Guide

December 2006
 Installation

UNIX Platforms .............................................................................................................................. 1

Installing the Software ................................................................................................................ 2
Installation Logging.................................................................................................................... 3
Configuring the Software............................................................................................................ 5
Additional Setup ......................................................................................................................... 5
License Files ............................................................................................................................... 6
Demo License ......................................................................................................................... 6
Permanent License .................................................................................................................. 6
Windows NT/2000/XP Platforms ................................................................................................... 8
Types of License file................................................................................................................... 8
Installing a License ..................................................................................................................... 9
Setup the FLEXlm License Server ........................................................................................... 10
Provide the Server Information............................................................................................. 11
Starting the FLEXlm License Server.................................................................................... 12
For More Information ............................................................................................................... 12
Getting Help.................................................................................................................................. 13
FAQ and Patch Information.......................................................................................................... 13

December 2006
 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

UNIX Platforms

This following section is intended for network administrators and IT professionals.

1. Create your installation directory.

e.g. mkdir /apps/HRS

2. Please note that there is no license file on this CD. If you received it as an upgrade, you may
want to backup your permanent license file before continuing with the installation. You
should also have received a license file from us, either by email, by fax, or as part of the
distribution letter. If you already have a license file, edit it to reflect the changes in the
newer version. Otherwise, create a license file in your installation directory, and edit it so
that it contains all of the information found in the file that we provided.

3. Insert the CD into the drive.

4. Mount the CD (Please refer to your local system administrator if you need help with this
step). You will probably need root privileges to use the mount command. Note that some
machines won’t let you mount a CD unless you explicitly specify that it is to be mounted
read-only.

If you are attempting to install the software on a machine running either of the IRIX or
Solaris operating systems, it may not be necessary to mount the CD. If volume management
is enabled, a CD will be mounted automatically when it is inserted into the CD drive (after a
brief period, a file manager window will display the contents of the CD).

If you do need to mount the CD, the command will be similar to one of the following. You
will need to know the device name of your CD drive and the name of the directory that the
CD will be mounted on.

SGI IRIX* mount -t iso9660 -o ro device dir

e.g. mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/scsi/sc0d710 /CDROM

Sun Solaris* mount -F hsfs -o ro device dir

e.g. mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s0 /cdrom

* if necessary

5. Change directory to your installation directory

e.g. cd /apps/HRS

December 2006
2 Installation

6. Extract and configure the software from the CD by running the appropriate setup script:

SGI IRIX e.g. /CDROM/setup.sh

Sun Solaris e.g. /cdrom/setup.sh (if volume management disabled)
/cdrom/hrs_applications/setup.sh (if volume management enabled)

The script will guide you through the installation process – type “help” at any prompt from
the script for context sensitive-help. The setup script also contains a number of command
line arguments that you can use to customize the installation. To see a list of these options,
run the command “setup.sh -i”.

7. If you want to see more detailed installation information, there is a README file on the CD
that can be viewed by running the command “setup.sh -R”.

Installing the Software

To install the software from the CD, run the script named setup.sh as described above (the CD
contains compressed tar archives, so you can’t simply copy the files across).

When the script runs, it begins by displaying a table showing the amount of disk space required
by the program for each supported platform. In addition, you will see the space needed for
common elements of the software that must be installed and the space needed to install the demo
data. For example, if you want to install the Solaris version of STRATA, including the demo
data, you would need a total of 270 Mb:

209 Mb for the STRATA software

+ 26 Mb for the STRATA demonstration data
----------
235 Mb (This is just an example, the actual numbers may be different.)

You will need to find a disk partition that has at least this much space available before you
proceed with the software installation.

You will then be shown a menu that allows you to select the operating system (OS) that you
want to install. The default will be to install the same version that would run on the machine that
you ran the setup script from. If you need to install more than one OS, simply run the setup
script again.

You will then be asked where you want the software to be installed. You should provide the
name of a directory on a partition that has adequate space available.

December 2006
The next menu shows a list of the 14 items that you can install. To select one or more of these,
simply type the corresponding numbers separated by spaces. After pressing the Return key, the
list will be redisplayed with an X in front of the selected items. If you have made a mistake,
simply enter the number again to toggle the selection on or off. You can also type a ‘*’ at the
prompt to select everything, or a ‘C’ to clear all selections.

Example:

To install EMERGE and STRATA (programs and data)

Your choice(s) : 3 4 9 10

To install everything except the ISMap program and data

Your choice(s) : 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
or
Your choice(s) : * [select everything]
Your choice(s) : 5 6 [unselect ISMap components]

When you are ready to begin the actual installation, type ‘I’ at the prompt.

As the program copies files from the CD to disk, you will see messages printed to your console
displaying the status of the installation. There also will be an install.log file created in your
installation directory. For more details on the install.log file, refer to the section titled
“Installation logging”.

When the installation is finished, you will still need to configure the software and build the run
scripts. If you want to create links in the /usr/bin directory, you may need to be logged on as the
superuser to ensure that you have permission. If not, configuration can be completed without
any special privileges. You will then be asked whether you would like to do this now. If you
say ‘no’, then the installation script will end and you must run configure_programs from the
installation directory before you will be able to use the software. If you say ‘yes’, then the
configure_programs script will be launched automatically.

Installation Logging

setup.sh will create a log of the installation process which will be appended to a file called
install.log in your chosen installation directory. This file is a useful record of what has been
installed, by whom and when – we recommend you keep the file there in case you need to refer
to it at a later date.

December 2006
4 Installation

Here is a typical example:

(8807) BEGIN: ********** 8807 **********

(8807) Thursday March 4 12:03:30 MST 1999
(8807) dave
(8807) SunOS kropotkin 5.7 Generic sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-5_10
(8807) /cdrom/hrs_applications
(8807) installing solaris_2_6 from solaris_2_6
(8807) installing from /cdrom/hrs_applications /kropotkin/install
(8807) version setup.sh 1.5 99/03/02
(8807) command setup.sh
(8807) root
(8807) acrobat
(8807) AVO
(8807) eLOG
(8807) GEOVIEW
(8807) PRO3D
(8807) WLEXCHANGE
(8807) configure_programs init: 0
(8807) END: ********** 8807 **********

Line # Explanation
2 The local date and time the script was started.
3 The name of the user executing the script.
4 The result of uname -a on the machine running the script.
5 The current directory when the script was started.
6 Platform the script is to install and platform it’s running on.
7 Source and target directories for the installation.
8 Version information.
9 Full command line – how the script was invoked.
- If Hampson-Russell software was detected as already installed in the target
directory, this line would contain the word “ALREADY” followed by a list of the
software detected.
10-16 Names of components installed. “root” refers to the mandatory items (the
configuration scripts and the bin, lib and lmgr directories)
17 If the user decided to run the script configure_programs (as in this case) this line
shows the result (0 for no error, non-zero for failure) and whether the script used
an existing configuration (“from environ”) or began a new one (“init”)
The leftmost column is the process ID of the script when it was running – in the unlikely
event that two people try to run the script at the same time and install into the same directory
you’ll see a discontinuity in this column between BEGIN and END lines.

There is no harm in deleting this file if you want to, but it is very small and could prove quite
useful when diagnosing problems, so we suggest that you leave it on your system.

December 2006
Configuring the Software

The software can be (re)configured using the script configure_programs which is in the
installation directory. If you run it with the command:

./configure_programs

it will prompt you for an installation directory and then search for Hampson-Russell software in
that directory. You are then presented with a menu of programs and may select one to
(re)configure.

If you want to reconfigure the software after an install, if for example, you installed a new
program or license file in a directory that already contains Hampson-Russell software, you can
run the script with the command:

./configure_programs -pINSTALLATION_DIRECTORY -eenviron

–lFULL_PATH_AND_FILENAME_OF_THE_LICENCE_FILE

The script will now read your existing configuration and you can just set up the new program(s)
you have installed.

Additional Setup

Every user has the option to override the default data and project directories set when the
program was configured. This is provided only as a convenience and is not necessary since all
directory paths can be specified within the program. By changing the default paths, you can
control the paths shown when a menu appears for the first time.

To change the default project directory, set the environment variable: USER_PROJECT_DIR

To change the default data directory, set the environment variable: USER_DATA_DIR
Note: If this variable has been set, then our test data will not be found unless it is copied
to your data directory.

Example: Add the following lines to the .cshrc file in your $HOME directory.

setenv USER_PROJECT_DIR $HOME/projects

setenv USER_DATA_DIR $HOME/data

Note: These directories must exist and have sufficient privileges for a user to write in.

December 2006
6 Installation

License Files

If you do not have a license file, please contact Hampson-Russell Software Technical Support
(see “Getting Help” below). There is no license file on the CD, but you will receive one by
email or by fax. If you already have a permanent license file, you should make a backup copy to
ensure that it is not overwritten during the installation.

Setting up the license file requires the following steps:

1. copy the license file to the machine that will use it

2a. edit the license file
2b. (if you already have a permanent license) make the license manager aware of your new
license
3. configure Hampson-Russell software to use the new license

If you received your license file by electronic mail, then save the mail to disk and transfer it to
the machine you want to install the software on. If you saved the mail from a PC you may need
to run the program dos2unix on your workstation. If you have called the saved mail file mail.txt,
you can look at it on your workstation by running the command “cat -v mail.txt”. This will
cause any non-printing characters in the file to be displayed. If you see ^M at the end of lines,
then you should run the command “dos2unix mail.txt mail.txt”.

Demo License

A demo license looks something like this:

FEATURE avo Hamp-Russ 3.000 31-Mar-1999 uncounted BADBADBADBAD HOSTID=DEMO

FEATURE elog Hamp-Russ 3.000 31-Mar-1999 uncounted BADBADBADBAD HOSTID=DEMO
FEATURE pro3d Hamp-Russ 1.000 31-Mar-1999 uncounted BADBADBADBAD HOSTID=DEMO
FEATURE geoview Hamp-Russ 1.000 31-Mar-1999 uncounted BADBADBADBAD HOSTID=DEMO

Copy the demo license into a directory that all users can access and run the script
configure_programs in the HRS installation directory. If the defaults are not correct, use the
menus to configure each program that the demo license is for, and you should now be able to run
the software.

Permanent License

A permanent license looks something like this:

SERVER biscuit_tin a1b2c3d4

VENDOR Hamp-Russ
FEATURE avo Hamp-Russ 3.000 permanent 1 A1B2C1D2A2B3 ck=194
FEATURE elog Hamp-Russ 3.000 permanent 1 A1B2C1D2A2B3 ck=82
FEATURE geoview Hamp-Russ 1.000 permanent 1 A1B2C1D2A2B3 ck=240
FEATURE pro3d Hamp-Russ 1.000 permanent 1 A1B2C1D2A2B3 ck=116

December 2006
You will now need to get the license manager to read your new license before you can run the
software. The program lmreread in the lmgr directory is one way to do this:

cd INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY
cd lmgr
./lmreread -c FULL_PATH_AND_FILENAME_OF_THE_LICENCE_FILE

For various reasons, this doesn’t always work, in which case you may need to stop the license
manager and start it again. BE CAREFUL if you are going to do this – make sure there are no
users using licensed software as you could disrupt their work.

First of all, find out the process number of the license manager daemon:

ps -ef |grep lmgrd | grep -v grep

If your computer is set up to use ucb-style Unix, the command would be:

ps -auxww | grep lmgrd | grep -v grep

both of which will give a response similar to:

root 219 1 0 22:23:25 ? 0:00 /usr/local/flexlm/lmgr/lmgrd -c usr/local/flexlm/license

If you see more than one line and cannot identify which lmgrd is serving your license file STOP
and inform everyone using the computer that you are going to stop all licensed software.

Kill the process using its process ID, the number in the second column of the output:

kill -9 219

Note that 219 is just an example. Make doubly sure you get the number absolutely right before
you issue the kill command. Use the ps command again to make sure the process has died and
then restart the license manager with the command:

cd INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY
cd lmgr
./lmgrd -c FULL_PATH_AND_FILENAME_OF_THE_LICENCE_FILE -l
FULL_PATH_AND_FILENAME_OF_THE_DEBUG_LOG_FILE

Note that the letter ‘l’, and not the number ‘1’ precede the path to the log file. If everything has
worked correctly, you should now be able to run the programs. If the license manager reports
any errors, note these down and, if you need help correcting them, contact Hampson-Russell
Software Technical Support. The debug log file often provides additional information that may
also help in resolving license manager errors.

December 2006
8 Installation

Windows NT/2000/XP Platforms

1. Insert the CD into the drive.

2. The setup program should begin automatically after the drive closes. If it doesn’t, select
Add/Remove Programs from the Control Panel and choose Setup.exe

3. Follow the prompts on the screen.

4. Setup the license file.

Please note that there is no license file on this CD. If you received this CD for demo
purposes or if you have recently purchased our product, you should have received a demo
or permanent license file from us either by email or by fax.

Warning! If you have an existing “demo.txt” or “license.txt” file in “C:\flexlm”, please

back it up and perform any merging that may be necessary.

For detailed instructions on setting up the license file, please refer to the “Windows
License Server Installation” section in this manual or find the pdf file named
“PC_LMGR_INSTALL.PDF” on the CD using the Windows Explorer and double-click
on it.

5. To read the program tutorial, find the pdf file for that program using the Windows Explorer
and double-click on it. For example, the tutorial for AVO is contained in the file
“avo_guide.pdf” in the directory “C:\Program Files\Hrs\avo\pdf”.

Types of License file

There are three types of license:

• Demo License
- a demo license file does not have a SERVER or VENDOR line
- a demo license file contains the phrase HOSTID=DEMO
• Non-network License (Host ID locked)
- a non-network license file does not have a SERVER or VENDOR line
• Network License (Floating)
- a network license file has both a SERVER and a VENDOR line

December 2006
Installing a License

Installing a Demo License:

• If a file named “demo.txt” doesn’t exist in “C:\flexlm”, then create it and insert the
lines from the license file that you received from us by email or fax.
• If a file named “demo.txt” already exists in “C:\flexlm”, then append the lines from
the license file that you received from us by email or fax. If the FEATURE name and
version number in the new license file are the same as in the existing “demo.txt” file,
then replace the existing lines with the new ones.
• The license manager is now ready for use.

Installing a Non-network License:

• If a file named “license.txt” doesn’t exist in “C:\flexlm”, then create it and insert the
lines from the license file that you received from us by email or fax.
• If a file named “license.txt” already exists in “C:\flexlm”, then append the lines from
the license file that you received from us by email or fax. If the FEATURE name and
version number in the new license file are the same as in the existing “license.txt”
file, then replace the existing lines with the new ones.
• The license manager is now ready for use.

Installing a Network License:

• If a file named “license.txt” doesn’t exist in “C:\flexlm”, then create it and insert the
lines from the license file that you received from us by email or fax.
• If a file named “license.txt” already exists in “C:\flexlm”, then append the lines from
the license file that you received from us by email or fax. If the FEATURE name and
version number in the new license file are the same as in the existing “license.txt”
file, then replace the existing lines with the new ones.
• Continue to the following section “Setup the FLEXlm License Server Information”.

December 2006
10 Installation

Setup the FLEXlm License Server

Display the FLEXlm LMTOOLS dialog by selecting “Start|Programs|HRS applications|License

Manager”.

You should now have the LMTOOLS dialog on your screen. First, you must setup the license
server information. If you want the license manager to start automatically when your PC is
turned on, we recommend that you click on the Configuration using Services toggle.

December 2006
 Provide the Server Information

Note: The FLEXlm license server can be started on a machine that runs Windows 98, but for a
floating license, it is recommended that you use a Windows NT/2000/XP machine.

• Select the Config Services tab on the LMTOOLS dialog.

• Specify the following information:

ƒ Where the lmgrd.exe is located.
e.g. C:\HRS\license manager\lmgrd.exe
ƒ Where your license file is located.
e.g. C:\flexlm\license.txt
ƒ Where you want to put the license server log file. (The log file provides useful
debugging information if you encounter problems starting the license server.)
e.g. C:\flexlm\HRS_license.log

• Click on the Save Service button to save this information.

• If you want the license server to start automatically on a Windows NT/2000/XP machine,
select the “Use Services” toggle box. The license server will then be installed as a service.
If you want to use a service, then you should also specify a unique name for the service in the
Service Name field. You can then use the Services control panel item to control the starting
or stopping behavior of the license server. If you want the license server to start
automatically when you reboot your PC, select the “Start Server at Power Up” toggle box.

December 2006
12 Installation

Starting the FLEXlm License Server

Now, with the license server information setup, you are ready to start the server. Select the
Start/Stop/Reread tab, then click on the Start Server button to start the license server.

For More Information

• Contact our support desk if you encounter problems with the license server.
• Detailed FLEXlm End User’s Documentation can be downloaded from
http://www.macrovision.com/services/support/flexlm/enduser.pdf.

December 2006
Getting Help

Contact Hampson-Russell Software Technical Support:

Australia: Email: [email protected]

Phone: +61-8-9214-6240

Asia: Email: [email protected]

Phone: +62-2-1252-2240

Canada: Email: [email protected]

Phone: +1-403-266-3225

Europe & Africa: Email: [email protected]

Phone: +44-(0)20-8334-8830

Latin America: Email: [email protected]

Phone: +1-832-351-1188

Mid-East & India: Email: [email protected]

Phone: +971-(0)4-391-3519

Russian Federation: Email: [email protected]

Phone: +7 (495) 789 8420

United States: Email: [email protected]

Phone: +1-800-561-5479

FAQ and Patch Information

Please see our web page at www.hampson-russell.com for a list of FAQ’s, workarounds and
patches. Follow the Support link from the main page.

December 2006
14 Installation

GeoView & eLog Guide

Introduction to GeoView ................................................................................................................ 1

Part 1: Starting GeoView............................................................................................................. 2
Creating a GeoView database..................................................................................................... 2
Reading a well into GeoView ..................................................................................................... 4
Displaying a well in GeoView.................................................................................................. 10
Creating a CGM File................................................................................................................. 22
Reading and Applying a Check Shot Correction...................................................................... 24
Reading in a Second Well......................................................................................................... 35
Displaying the Wells................................................................................................................. 40
Part 2: Using the eLog Program ................................................................................................ 42
Reading a Seismic File into eLog ............................................................................................. 52
Saving the Edited Logs ............................................................................................................. 73
The Crossplot Option in eLog .................................................................................................. 74

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 1

Guide to GeoView and eLog

Introduction to GeoView

GeoView is a program that serves two purposes:

(1) GeoView acts as a well-log database. All Hampson-Russell programs that use logs
access them through the GeoView database. For this reason, GeoView contains
options for reading logs from ASCII files as well as directly from Landmark and
GeoFrame databases. GeoView also contains options for displaying logs and making
synthetics, as well as applying checkshot corrections to logs. Finally, GeoView
contains options for editing and manipulating logs, through the eLog program.

(2) GeoView acts as a launch pad for other Hampson-Russell programs such as STRATA
and EMERGE. When these programs are launched from GeoView, they are
automatically connected to the GeoView database, allowing them to access logs
directly. Sometimes the program buttons for Hampson-Russell programs may be
disabled or “grayed out”. This indicates that the computer on which GeoView is
running does not have a license for running that program. If you believe that your
GeoView program buttons are incorrectly disabled, please contact the appropriate
Hampson-Russell office for support.

December 2006
2 GeoView & eLog

Part 1: Starting GeoView

The first step in running any Hampson-Russell program is to start GeoView. On a Unix system,
this is done by going to a command window and typing:

geoview

On a PC, GeoView is initialized by clicking on the Start button and selecting the Geoview
option on the Programs>HRS applications menu.

If the GeoView program does not start in either of these two cases, it means that there has been
an error in the program installation. Please contact your nearest Hampson-Russell office for
support.

Creating a GeoView database

When you first launch GeoView, the first window that you see is the Opened Database List,
which displays your most recently used databases. We will start by creating a new database. To
do that, click New:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 3

Click OK, and a window appears, allowing you to enter the name of the new database. Use the
field at the top of this window to select a location for the new database and call the new database
geoview_guide as shown below:

When you have filled in the new database name as shown, click OK.

The GeoView window now shows the name of the new database:

December 2006
4 GeoView & eLog

Reading a well into GeoView

Now we are ready to enter logs into the GeoView database. We will enter two wells in the
database. The first well is in the LAS format and contains a series of logs. The second well is in
a general ASCII format and we will use this well to correlate with a 3D seismic volume.

When the new database was created, an empty Well Explorer window appeared:

To enter the first well, select Import Data>Logs, Check Shots, Tops, Deviated Geometry
from Files:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 5

This window appears:

We must select the file(s) containing the log curves that we want to add to our database. Select
avo_well.las, as shown, and confirm that the File Format is set to LAS:
Next, we need to specify the name of the well(s) into which we will load the logs. After you
click Next >>, the second page appears:

The default name for the Destination Well is acceptable, so click Next >> to see the subsequent
page:

December 2006
6 GeoView & eLog

If values for the X & Y coordinates of the surface location of the well or the KB and surface
elevations had been found in the header of the LAS file, they would have been entered on this
window automatically. You can also specify them yourself by modifying the contents of the
corresponding cell. For this well, we need to change only the Type to GAS WELL, as shown:

Click Next >> to proceed.

This causes the file to be read and the following table to appear:

This window shows that GeoView has identified 5 logs in the file. To see the file itself, click
View File. A text window appears, allowing you to browse the LAS file.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 7

Under the heading Log Type, we see that GeoView has correctly identified each of the 5 logs:

Sometimes, a log cannot be identified correctly. In that case, either an incorrect type or the type
Unknown may appear. To correct that, click the log type to be changed and a pull-down menu
allows you to set the correct Log Type:

Similarly, the Amp. Units may be modified if there were any errors in the measurement units
identified in the file header lines:

The column entitled Unique Log Name shows the names that GeoView will give to these logs:

December 2006
8 GeoView & eLog

Finally, the column entitled Usage indicates whether you wish to actually read this log into
GeoView:

If, for example, you did not wish to load the third log, (Gamma Ray), you could simply uncheck
the box on the third line, as shown:

For this tutorial, we wish to read all the logs listed, so click OK.

A dialog now appears confirming that the logs have been imported. Click OK to finish loading
logs.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 9

The GeoView Well Explorer window now displays information about the inserted well:

In the View panel, the log has a vertical line through the blue box, indicating that this is a
vertical well.

December 2006
10 GeoView & eLog

Displaying a well in GeoView

Now we wish to display the well that has been entered. To do this, highlight the well name in
the Table View or View panels, and then click Display Well. This display appears:

You can see that a series of logs have been read in. If you move the horizontal scroll bar, all of
the logs can be seen. To modify the view parameters, select View>Display Options.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 11

This window appears:

This window contains a series of tabs whose pages control the appearance of the log display. To
get an understanding of this window, we will modify a few of the parameters. First, click the
items Wavelets and Zero-Offset Synthetics:

December 2006
12 GeoView & eLog

Then click Apply at the bottom of the window. The log display now contains those items:

Note that the zero-offset synthetics are created with the P-wave and density logs that are marked
with an asterisk (to indicate that they are the active logs).

To change the order of the displayed logs, click the Item Display Order button:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 13

You will now see this window, which sets the order in which display elements will be plotted:

Let’s move P-wave after Gamma Ray. To do that, highlight Track 5(*P-wave) and click the Up
Arrow twice. The window will now look like this:

Click OK on this window.

December 2006
14 GeoView & eLog

Click Apply on the Parameter window to get the new display:

Note that by default, the primary vertical scale is actually in depth, rather than in time. To
change this, click the Scale & Details tab and modify the page as follows:

Note that we have changed the Uniform Scale and Vertical Range items. Once again, click
Apply:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 15

You may have to adjust the vertical scroll bar to see the lower portion of the logs as shown
above. This is because the vertical scale has now been set to 7.5 inches per second. As a final
change for this page, select the Curves tab and modify the scale parameters for the P-wave log:
Plot Amp. Units to m/s, Start Plot Amp. to 1500, and End Plot Amp. to 4000 as shown here:

December 2006
16 GeoView & eLog

Click Apply to get the new display:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 17

Finally, click the Synthetics tab:

This page controls the wavelets that are being used to create the zero-offset synthetics. Right
now, there is only a single wavelet, the default wavelet wave0.

To see what this wavelet looks like, select Wavelet Options>Display Current Wavelet:

December 2006
18 GeoView & eLog

The wavelet display appears:

You can see properties of the wavelet, such as the amplitude and phase spectra, by selecting the
Frequency and History tabs of this display.

Now let’s create some new wavelets to use for synthetics. To add a new Ricker wavelet, select
Wavelet Options>Create Ricker Wavelet:

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 GeoView & eLog 19

This window appears:

Let’s modify the Dominant Frequency and Phase Rotation as shown here:

December 2006
20 GeoView & eLog

Now, click Create wavelet. The new wavelet name appears on the Available Wavelets list of
the Parameter window. By default, the new wavelet now replaces the previous wavelet as the
Displayed Wavelet. To see both synthetics at the same time, click Add All >>. The window
now looks like this:

Now click Apply at the bottom of the window. The new synthetics appear:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 21

Finally, modify the parameters at the bottom of the window as shown here:

When you click Apply, the display now looks like this:

Now that we have finished modifying the display parameters, click OK at the bottom of the
Parameter window.

December 2006
22 GeoView & eLog

Creating a CGM File

To create a CGM Hardcopy of the log display, select File>Hardcopy>CGM File:

This window appears, allowing you to control the appearance of the CGM file that will be
created:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 23

To preview the CGM file, click Preview:

The CGM Viewer shows the CGM file which has been created in the specified directory. You
can modify various parameters for that file. An important item is to click the Title Block tab and
type in a description to be used on the CGM Title Block:

To conclude this section of the guide, click Cancel at the bottom of the CGM File Generation
window.

December 2006
24 GeoView & eLog

Reading and Applying a Check Shot Correction

In this section, we will read in a check shot survey from an ASCII file.

First, go to the GeoView Well Explorer window and select Import Data>Logs, Check Shots,
Tops, Deviated Geometry from Files:

On the File Import page, select the file avo_check_shot.txt and click Next >>:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 25

The ASCII File Format page appears, allowing you to describe the format of this file:

To help determine the parameters, click View File to see what the file looks like:

As you can see, there are two columns of numbers, containing the depths and the desired times.
In addition, there are 3 header lines to skip.

December 2006
26 GeoView & eLog

Change the ASCII File Format page as shown, and also ensure that the depths are read from
column 1.

Click Next >> on the ASCII File Format page.

Choose AVO_WELL as the destination well to place the check shot log into.

Click Next >> on this page and the following page, until you see the Log File Details page:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 27

Fill in the window as shown below. Click OK when you have completed the window.

After the check shot file is read, it will appear on the log list that can be shown by clicking on the
arrow beside the well name in the Table View. It also can be seen in the Log Display window.

At this point, we have read in the check shot file, but have not yet applied the correction to the
logs in AVO_WELL. To do this, go to the Log Display window and select Option>Check Shot
Correction:

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28 GeoView & eLog

Two windows now appear. One window shows the result of applying the check shot correction
to the sonic log:

As you can see, the point at 300 m depth causes quite a distortion of the resulting sonic log.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 29

The other window is a window containing the parameters for the check shot correction:

Let’s modify some of the parameters to see the effect. First change the Type of Interpolation to
Linear:

Then click Apply to see the new check shot correction:

December 2006
30 GeoView & eLog

Note that the changes to the sonic log are quite drastic.

Now change the Type of Interpolation to Polynomial, set the Polynomial Order to 3, and check
the toggle to Apply a Smoother as shown:

When you click Apply, the effect on the sonic log is greatly reduced, but this is because the
check shot points have not been honored exactly:

Finally, let’s assume that we wish to edit the second check shot pair. First go back to the
parameter window and reset the Type of Interpolation to Spline and do not apply a smoother,
then click Apply.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 31

Once again, the corrected sonic log looks like this:

Now use the mouse to draw a box around the second check shot point in the Drift Curve:

Then select Edit>Delete Point:

December 2006
32 GeoView & eLog

The second point is then removed and the corrected sonic log now looks like this:

Finally, let’s investigate the Sonic Log Changes parameter on the Check Shot Parameters
window:

This parameter controls the changes (if any) that will be made to the sonic log velocities. There
are three options:

The default is Apply relative changes. This means that the sonic log will be modified only for
depths between the first and last check shot point. This is the one that we have been using up to
now.

The second option is Apply all changes:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 33

If you choose this option and click Apply, you will see that a series of velocity values have been
inserted above the first logged point. These values have been calculated to precisely cause the
exact check shot times to result if the calculated log is converted from depth to time:

This option would be useful if you wanted to export the check shot corrected sonic log to another
system.

The third option is Change depth-time curve only. Selecting this option means that the depth-
time curve will be modified, but the sonic log amplitudes will be left entirely as before:

December 2006
34 GeoView & eLog

Let’s assume that the default selection for Sonic Log Changes is an acceptable correction. Set
this back to the default, as shown, and click Apply:

To save the resulting log, click OK on the Check Shot Analysis window. This window
appears, indicating that a new sonic log will be created with the name P-wave_chk.

Click OK on this window.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 35

You will see the new sonic log in the Log Display window:

Reading in a Second Well

Now we will read in a second well log in general ASCII format. To start that, select Import
Data>Logs, Check Shots, Tops, Deviated Geometry from Files:

December 2006
36 GeoView & eLog

On the File Import page, select the file strata_well.txt:

After you click Next >>, this page appears:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 37

In order to fill in this window, we need to see the input file, so click View File. This display
appears:

Note that the sonic log is listed in two columns, the first containing the depths and the second
containing the transit-times. Also, there are 11 header lines to skip (including the blank line).

This means that the first parameter we need to change on the ASCII File Format window is the
Number of header lines to skip. Also, change the Input Sampling Units to Feet.

December 2006
38 GeoView & eLog

Change these values as shown above, and click Next >>.

On the Destination Well Settings page, change the name of the Destination Well to strata_well
by clicking in the cell and typing in the new name.

Click Next >> to display the following page. From the selection list under Type, change this
well type to GAS WELL as shown.

Click Next >> to display this page.

Since this file only contains a single P-wave log, fill in the window appropriately (simply change
the Log Type to P-wave and accept the default values).

Click OK when you are finished to read in the new log and dismiss the window.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 39

The GeoView Well Explorer now shows the new well:

If you click Display Well after highlighting strata_well, you will see the sonic log which has just
been read in:

December 2006
40 GeoView & eLog

Displaying the Wells

In the GeoView Well Explorer window, you can navigate between the well, log and top and
deviated geometry levels. The View panel shows it as a tree style display:

Then, using the arrows, the data are shown, as below:

The list appears showing all wells entered into this database as above.

Clicking the arrow by the name strata_well gives the list below, showing you all the logs entered
for this well:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 41

Note that the log called Depth-time_P-wave_1 is the depth-time curve calculated for the sonic
log. Note also that any of the parameters may be modified on this window. For example,
suppose that the units for the P-wave log had been incorrectly entered. To modify the value,
click on the field containing the value us/ft and a pull-down menu appears allowing you to
change the units:

From this menu, the Tops and Deviated Geometry (if applicable) can be viewed.

From the Log Display List, you may also see the actual log data samples. To do this, click the
arrow button beside the name P-wave_1:

You can see all the sonic log sample values by moving the vertical scroll bar. Values in this
table can be changed manually.
Close the Well Explorer and Log Display windows.

December 2006
42 GeoView & eLog

Part 2: Using the eLog Program

The eLog program is used to perform manipulations on the logs such as editing, smoothing, and
log correlation. In this section of the guide, we will use eLog to modify some of the logs that
have already been entered into the database.

To start eLog, click the eLog button on the GeoView main window. A window appears,
allowing you to start a new project. Click OK. On the file selection window, call the new
project elog_guide as shown below:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 43

Click OK, and the eLog main window appears:

At the same time, a window appears asking which well we wish to edit:

December 2006
44 GeoView & eLog

On this window, select strata_well and click Open.

The eLog window will now contain the log from strata_well:

The eLog window looks very much like the Log Display window from GeoView, with the
addition of a series of editing buttons down the left side.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 45

We will do a series of operations on the P-wave log from strata_well. The first thing we will do
is to apply a median filter to the log to remove the high-frequency noise. To do this, click the
Math button. When this window appears, select the Median Filter option, as shown:

The median filter is a math operation using one or more input logs, which will come from
strata_well:

December 2006
46 GeoView & eLog

On the following page, click Next >> to accept the defaults because we will write the median
filtered log back to the same well:

Now, select the log to median filter, which will be P-wave_1 from strata_well:

Call the output sonic log P-wave_math as shown, and click Next >>.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 47

The window now shows the parameters for this option. Change the Operator Length to 9, as
shown, and click Next, then OK.

When the process has completed, the new filtered log appears:

By default, only the latest P-wave log appears in the eLog window. In order to see both logs, we
need to temporarily modify the display parameters. To do that, click the “eyeball” icon:

December 2006
48 GeoView & eLog

On the Layout page of the Parameter window, the important parameter is the option Display
Only Active Logs:

If there is more than one log of a particular type (for example, the P-wave logs in this well), one
of them is selected as having a higher priority. This is called the “Active Log”. By definition,
whenever a process is applied which creates a new log, such as check shot correction or median
filter, the latest log is automatically set to be the Active Log. To see the list of active logs and
possibly modify that list, click the Active Logs button.

The resulting window allows you to define the priority yourself:

We are happy with this priority, so cancel this window.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 49

Since we want to see both of the P-wave logs (before and after median filter), we must allow
display of multiple curves by unchecking the Display Only Active Logs toggle:

Check the box for the P-wave_1 log as shown to display the original log adjacent to the median
filtered version:

Click Apply at the bottom of the Parameter window and both logs are displayed in the eLog
window.

December 2006
50 GeoView & eLog

From this display, we can see that the median filter has removed much of the high-frequency
jitter from the sonic log. For the rest of the processes, we will be happy to see only one log, so
click Cancel on the Parameter window to reset the eLog window.

The next process we will apply is to create a density log using Gardner’s equation. To do that,
click Transforms and modify the first page as shown below (Select Gardner’s Equation under
the item Select desired operation):

Then click Next >> and modify the second page to select strata_well:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 51

Click Next >> to display the third page. The default selection causes the output log to be written
into strata_well:

After clicking on Next >>, the fourth page shows that P-wave_math will be used as the input log.
We will change the default name for the output Density log to Density_gardner:

Then click Next >> to see the transform which will be applied:

December 2006
52 GeoView & eLog

Finally, click OK and the density log will be created:

Reading a Seismic File into eLog

Now we will perform the operations of wavelet extraction and log correlation. To do this, we
must first read an external seismic volume.

To start this process, select Data Manager>Import Data>Open Seismic>From SEG-Y File:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 53

On the File Selection page, select the file ersk3d.sgy, which will be found in the elog_data
directory.

Click Next >> to get the next page.

The file is a 3D seismic volume with a rectangular grid of inlines and cross lines. This page of
the window defaults to a 3D volume:

After you click Next >>, you see the third page, which asks about the information that is
available in the trace headers:

Note that eLog is capable of reading the Inline & Xline numbers and/or the X & Y coordinates
from the trace headers, but since neither of these is present, we will load the seismic by keying
on the CDP number. In order for this to work, the seismic data must form a uniform, rectangular
grid. For this file, this is the case.

After modifying the window as shown above, click Next >>.

December 2006
54 GeoView & eLog

The SEG-Y Format page appears:

This page is where you specify various byte locations for parameters from the trace headers. The
default values are the standard SEGY locations. Because we have specified that the geometry is
Rectangular, the only important locations for this data set are the CDP and Offset locations, as
shown above. Click Next >> on this window.

If you have never read the file ersk3d.sgy before, you will see the following message:

This is because eLog must scan the file to determine general information from the headers. If
you have read the file at least once before, you will not see this message. Click Yes to continue.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 55

The final window appears:

Because we have specified the geometry as “Rectangular”, we must now specify the Geometry
layout. For this purpose, we simply need to tell the program that there are 155 Cross-lines. The
number of Inlines will then be calculated automatically. The window will now look like this:

Since we will be using this data set only for log correlation and wavelet extraction, we will not
bother to fill in detailed X & Y coordinate information. Click OK on this window.

December 2006
56 GeoView & eLog

When the file has been read, two new windows appear. One window contains the seismic data:

The second window contains this list of the wells in the database, and their location within the
seismic grid:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 57

At this point, the Inline and Xline numbers at which the wells have been positioned are not
correct. In order to do that, we would have to specify the correct X & Y locations of the wells in
the GeoView database as well as the correct X & Y geometry of the seismic grid. Since we will
be correlating strata_well, we only need to specify the position of that well correctly.
AVO_WELL does not tie this data set. The strata_well is located at Inline 24 and Xline 75.
Type those numbers in, click in another field, and the window will be updated to look like this:

Click OK.

The Seismic data window now shows a portion of Inline 1. To look at the data near the well,
type the number 24 in the Inline box at the top and click Enter:

December 2006
58 GeoView & eLog

After moving the scroll bars, you can see the sonic log from strata_well positioned properly
within the volume:

The seismic data window has many useful viewing capabilities. For now, we will return to the
eLog main window, to continue with the log editing session.

Now that we have loaded the seismic data, we will proceed with Log Correlation. Click the
Correlate button:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 59

This window appears:

Log correlation is the process of aligning the synthetic calculated from the well logs with one or
more seismic traces near the well location. In eLog this correlation is always done with a
"Composite Trace”. The Composite Trace is an average of adjacent traces around the borehole
location. If the well is deviated, the averaging follows the deviation path. The window above
determines how the averaging will be done. By selecting the default parameters, we are
averaging traces within +/- 1 inline and crossline of the borehole – in other words, 9 traces.
Click OK to accept this default.

December 2006
60 GeoView & eLog

The eLog main window now looks like this:

Log correlation can be thought of as a type of check shot correction, where the depth-time pairs
are provided manually by selecting points on the synthetic and tying them with corresponding
points on the composite trace. The trace shown in blue is the synthetic trace calculated with the
most recently defined wavelet. To see that wavelet, select Wavelet>Display Current Wavelet.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 61

We see that it looks like this:

A better wavelet would be one that was extracted from the seismic data. To do this, select
Wavelet>Extract Wavelet. We see that there are two options:

These are “Use Well” and “Statistical”. In order to get the correct phase of the wavelet, we
would prefer to use the well. Because we have not done log correlation yet, the mis-tie between
log and seismic would make that extracted wavelet unacceptable. For this reason, we start by
extracting a statistical wavelet, which will be a zero-phase wavelet with the same amplitude
spectrum as the seismic data.

December 2006
62 GeoView & eLog

Select Wavelet>Extract Wavelet>Statistical:

In the window shown above, we have selected a time window of 700 to 1200 ms and limited the
analysis to a range of traces around the well.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 63

Click Next >> twice to get the last page:

In this case, we will accept the default values. Click OK to get the extracted wavelet:

December 2006
64 GeoView & eLog

The eLog main window has now been redrawn to contain a synthetic created from this extracted
wavelet. We can see that the character tie has improved significantly:

Obviously, there is a time shift between the blue synthetic trace and the red composite trace.
The first step is to correct this shift. Click near the peak on the synthetic at about 750 ms and the
corresponding peak on the composite trace:

Then click Stretch at the bottom of the window.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 65

The synthetic has been aligned using the picked values:

The calculated correlation coefficient at the bottom of the window measures the fit
mathematically:

Obviously, the fit is still not good enough, and this is because there is a time-variant stretch
required. The next step is to pick a series of points:

Click Stretch.

December 2006
66 GeoView & eLog

This time the check shot windows appear:

Whenever there is more than one point in the correlation picks, this is interpreted as a type of
check shot, and these windows appear.

To accept this correlation, click OK on the Check Shot Analysis window.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 67

The synthetic trace now shows a much-improved correlation:

with a correspondingly larger numerical correlation value:

Now that the log has been correlated better, we can extract a new wavelet using the log. Select
Wavelet>Extract Wavelet>Use Well:

December 2006
68 GeoView & eLog

On the first window, select strata_well as the one to use for wavelet extraction:

Click Next >>.

On the next page, set the time window from 700 to 1200 ms:

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 GeoView & eLog 69

Click Next >> twice. On each subsequent page, accept all the defaults.

Click Next>> to see the history which will be saved with this wavelet:

December 2006
70 GeoView & eLog

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 71

Finally, click OK to get the extracted wavelet:

Click the Frequency tab on this window to see its frequency spectrum:

December 2006
72 GeoView & eLog

The eLog window shows an improved correlation with a larger numerical correlation of about
0.86:

Now that the correlation has been completed, click OK at the bottom of the eLog window. This
window appears, showing you the name of the name correlated sonic log:

Click OK on this window to accept the suggested name.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 73

Saving the Edited Logs

We have now completed the editing of the well log. At this point, the changes are contained
only within the eLog project. This means that the GeoView main window still contains only the
original logs. We can still choose to discard these edits if we wish. To save both the eLog
project and the edited logs, select Project>Save. The following question appears:

We want these changes to be stored permanently in the GeoView database, so the answer to this
is “Yes”. This list appears, showing all the new logs that have been created and the names under
which they will be saved:

Click OK on this window to save all the new logs. Go back to the Well Explorer window, and
you can see that the new logs P-wave_math, P-wave_corr and Density_gardner have been
inserted into strata_well.

December 2006
74 GeoView & eLog

The Crossplot Option in eLog

We will now look at the Crossplot option in eLog. To do this, we will first display AVO_WELL
from the database. To do this, click Open Well to get the list as shown:

Select AVO_WELL and click OK.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 75

This will load AVO_WELL into the eLog window. The resulting window looks like this:

Next, select General from the Crossplot sidebar menu to bring up the Well Log Crossplot
window.

December 2006
76 GeoView & eLog

Select <Measured Depth> from the list of Available types and click Add >>. Repeat these
steps to select P-wave, Density, Gamma Ray, SP, and Resistivity so that the window appears as
shown:

Note that <Vertical Depth> will be selected automatically since the Processing domain type is
the “Vertical Depth Domain”.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 77

Click Next >> to get the second page of the Well Log Crossplot window, which allows you to
choose the wells. Fill in this window as shown below, to choose AVO_WELL:

Click Next >> to get the third page of the Well Log Crossplot window, which defines the
curves that will appear on the X and Y axes.

Modify the window to plot the P-wave log on the X-axis and the Density log on the Y-axis. The
completed window looks like this:

December 2006
78 GeoView & eLog

Click Next >> to get the next page, which allows you to choose among logs of the same log type
in addition to selecting the amplitude units.

Accept the defaults by clicking on Next >>.

The next page of the window allows you to select the depth range for cross plotting. Fill in a
Start Depth of 550 m and End Depth of 700 m, as shown below:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 79

Click Next, then click OK, and the following cross plot will appear, where Density, in g/cc, has
been cross plotted against P-wave travel time, in μs/m:

The default color key shows Vertical Depth. If we wish, we can use one of the other logs to
create the color bar, creating a type of 3-dimensional plot. To do this, select New Plot>P-wave
vs Density (primary), to get the Data Specification window.

Fill in the window as shown below, by changing Item # for Color to 6 (notice that this is the
Column number of the Gamma Ray curve from the list in the top half of the window):

December 2006
80 GeoView & eLog

Click OK to get the same cross plot with a new color scheme.

Now, select New Plot>P-wave vs Density (primary) and change the color key back to Vertical
Depth by changing Item # for Color back to 5.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 81

Now, select Transform>P-wave vs Density (primary). Fill in the Transform Data window as
shown below, by changing the X and Y axis values to Log(x) and Log(y):

December 2006
82 GeoView & eLog

Click the OK button to bring up the transformed cross plot:

We will now perform a regression analysis on the transformed axes.

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 83

Select Regression>Least squares, to bring up the following window:

Accept the defaults by clicking on OK.

December 2006
84 GeoView & eLog

The resulting cross plot has the linear regression line drawn on it, and the equation is shown in
the legend.

Next, click Cross-Section to produce a display of the two log curves, P-wave and Density. Use
the View>Zoom option or the magnifying glass icon to zoom in on the curves:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 85

We next want to select certain zones on these curves from clusters on the cross plot. To do this,
select Zones>Add to get the Add Zone window shown here:

The first color is a dull gray. To change this to a brighter color, like red, click once on the color
itself to bring up the color editor, shown next (the appearance of this window will depend on
whether you are running the program on a PC or under Unix):

December 2006
86 GeoView & eLog

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 87

On the color editor, click once on the red color (second down from the top left corner), and you
will see the Color/Solid box change to red. Click OK to save this color. Now, go back to the
cross plot itself. Following the instructions at the top of the Add Zone window, draw an ellipse
around the points as shown. Click Apply on the Add Zone window to save zone1, as shown
here:

Note that your ellipse may be slightly different. Now, add a second ellipse on the set of points to
the right of the first ellipse. Click Apply again to get something similar to the next plot:

December 2006
88 GeoView & eLog

Now that the two ellipses have been drawn, look at the two well log traces again. Notice where
the elliptical zones are present on this plot, as shown below:

We will choose to keep only the points in the second zone. To do this, select Filter>Filter
points, and fill out the window as shown below, by choosing Remove Points Outside Zone
and adding zone2 to the Selected List:

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 89

Click OK to filter the points, and the result will look like this:

Now, recalculate the regression fit, using the Regression>Least squares option and clicking
OK to choose the defaults. The new fit looks like this:

December 2006
90 GeoView & eLog

What is the significance of the two linear regressions that we performed on the cross plotted
data? Note that the first was done on the overall dataset, and the fit did not appear to have a high
correlation value. The second was done on a more restricted set of points, and had a better
looking fit. Now, recall Gardner’s equation for the fit between density and velocity:

ρ = aV b , where ρ = density
V = P-wave velocity
a, b = constant values

Although the above equation is nonlinear, we can linearize it by taking the logarithm:

log(ρ) = log(a) + b log(V)

Now you can see why we applied a logarithmic transform to each axis. However, we also used
transit-time rather than velocity units, where:

1, 000, 000
V= , Δt = transit-time in μs/m
Δt
or
log(V) = log(1,000,000) - log (Δt) = 6 - log (Δt)

Substituting gives us:

log(ρ) = log(a) + 6b – b(log (Δt) )

Let us write the least-squares fit from the cross plot as:

log(ρ) = c(log (Δt) ) + d

Note that your c and d values will probably not be the same as here, since your elliptical region
will be slightly different than the one shown. Equating the a and b values from Gardner’s
equation with the c and d values from the program, we get:

b = -c

a = 10^[d - 6b] = 10^[d + 6c]

The regression line on the cross plot above was as follows:

y = -0.444688x + 1.51878, where y = log(ρ)

and: x = log( Δt )

December 2006
 GeoView & eLog 91

So we have:

c = -0.444688, d = 1.51878
and therefore:
b = 0.444688

a = 10^[1.51878 – 2.66813] = 10^[-1.14935] = 0.0709

Thus, we can write Gardner’s equation as:

ρ = 0.071 V0.445

To perform this transform, go back to the eLog window containing AVO_WELL and click
Transforms. Fill out the Transforms window as shown below (i.e. apply Gardner’s Equation):

December 2006
92 GeoView & eLog

Click Next >>, and fill out the next window as follows, by selecting AVO_WELL:

Click Next >>, and fill out the window as follows, selecting AVO_WELL as the Output Well:

Click Next >>, and fill out that window as follows, selecting P-wave_chk to be the Input
P-wave log and Density_Gardner as the Output Density log:

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 GeoView & eLog 93

Click Next >> and fill out the final window with the computed coefficients, 0.071 and 0.445, as
shown below:

Click OK and the resulting density log will look like this:

December 2006
94 GeoView & eLog

This is the end of the GeoView & eLog tutorial. To close down the eLog program, select
File>Exit Project on that window.

You will be prompted to save your project. If you want to review the tutorial data later, click
Yes:

December 2006
 View3D Guide
Introduction to View3D .................................................................................................................. 1
Starting Hampson-Russell Software ............................................................................................... 2
Starting View3D ......................................................................................................................... 4
A Brief Summary of the View3D Process .................................................................................. 8
Loading the Seismic and Horizon Data .......................................................................................... 8
Viewing the Data ...................................................................................................................... 11
Scaling the Plot ......................................................................................................................... 12
Saving the Viewing Parameters ................................................................................................ 14
Stopping This Tutorial .............................................................................................................. 15
Adding Slices ................................................................................................................................ 15
Displaying Attribute Values.......................................................................................................... 18
Changing Color Keys For Color Plots .......................................................................................... 19
Showing Traces and Color Plots Together ............................................................................... 22
Top, Side and Other Points of View ............................................................................................. 22
Special Zoom Views ................................................................................................................. 25
Birds' Eye View .................................................................................................................... 25
Magnifying Glass Zoom ....................................................................................................... 25
Oblique Slices, Fences and Probes ........................................................................................... 26
Oblique Slices (Rotated Slices)............................................................................................. 27
Making Fences ...................................................................................................................... 29
Probes.................................................................................................................................... 30
Showing Well Log Data................................................................................................................ 34
Selecting Which Wells to View ............................................................................................ 38
Emphasing Value Ranges and Setting Transparency: Visual Control.......................................... 39
Removing Data From View3D ..................................................................................................... 43
Loading Data Slices as Horizons .................................................................................................. 43

December 2006
2 GeoView & eLog

December 2006
 View3D 1

GUIDE TO View3D

Introduction to View3D

View3D is a program used to view wellbore paths, well data, seismic data and attribute data as a
three dimensional volume. The general objective is to better visualize, illustrate and spatially
analyze the data from HRS programs. This tutorial takes you through the most important options
and features of View3D.

The data set for this tutorial consists of:

• A SEGY file, seismic.vol, which is a 3D post-stack data set.
• An attribute volume, scaled_porosity.vol, which is a 3D post-stack data set.
• 7 wells. Each well contains a sonic log (p wave), density log, porosity log and a check-
shot file.
• A horizon file, Target_hrz.
• Two data slices: seismic target and scaled porosity, positioned at the same place as the
horizon file.

December 2006
2 View3D

Starting Hampson-Russell Software

The first step is to start the GeoView program. GeoView is the application manager that acts as
a launch pad for other Hampson-Russell programs. If you are unfamiliar with the use of
GeoView, please refer to the Guide to GeoView and eLOG documentation.

On a Unix workstation, go to a command window and typing:

geoview <RETURN>

On a PC, click the Start button and select the Geoview option on the Programs / HRS
applications menu.

When you first launch GeoView, the first window that you see is the Opened Database List,
which displays your recently used databases. A database is identified by the extension wdb.
For this tutorial, a database has already been created for you. To load this database for the first
time, click Open to bring up the Directory Chooser.

Click the view3D folder of the HRS/data directory to bring up a list of databases in that folder.
Click the View3D.wdb item in the Available List and click OK.

December 2006
 View3D 3

The GeoView Well Explorer window appears, showing the seven wells within this database. For
more on this window, see the GeoView section of the Installation GeoView and eLog Guide. For
now, click the X at the top right to close the window.

December 2006
4 View3D

Starting View3D

Now that the database has been opened in GeoView, we are ready to start the View3D program.
To do this, click the View3D button on the GeoView window.

The following window now appears:

December 2006
 View3D 5

Note that you cannot start a new project in View3D.

The program is intended as an add-on to other HRS programs, and not as a stand-alone program.
Therefore, you would need to open a project first created in another HRS program. You can use
View3D to view any project created through these and other HRS programs.

Fortunately, we have provided a project for this tutorial.

Check the Open Existing Project button and click OK to bring up the Directory Chooser.
Click the View3DE_Guide folder in the View3D directory to show projects in the Available List.
Click the View3D_sand.prj project in the Available List and click OK.

If a message appears telling you that the pathway to the project has changed, select Switch.

December 2006
6 View3D

The View3D Data and Display windows now appear:

The Data window is used to select what data to load and unload data from the display. It will
appear like this:

December 2006
 View3D 7

Note that the wells may be automatically selected for loading, but that nothing else is.

The Project Loaded column shows the available data in the selected project. If data were
missing from this list, you need to return to the original HRS program that created the project
and then load that data through that program. Then save that program. Then you would return to
View3D to display the complete data set.

The View3D Data tab shows what data has been selected and what has already been loaded. The
wells are automatically assumed selected for loading but the other data is not yet selected.

The History tab lists the operations to this time that had loaded or unloaded data.

The Filter section lets you filter the list of wells. Click the X at the upper left of the Filter box to
hide that section.

The Plot button loads (or unloads) the selected items into View3D. What has been loaded can
now be viewed using the Display window features.

The Display Window shows the plotted data and controls its display. Because no data has been
selected and plotted yet, the Display Window is black.

December 2006
8 View3D

A Brief Summary of the View3D Process

• In the left side of the Data window, select the data to be plotted. In the right side of that
window, set the details for loading.
• Start the Plot process, activating the Display window.
• Zoom the Display window to show the desired area.
• Select the Display mode for the Display window and select what planes to show.
• Set the horizon, well and seismic display parameters as needed.
• Adjust the view as needed, creating new slices as required.

The geological play this tutorial handles is the same handled in the EMERGE tutorial and guide.
It is a channel sand with porosity that can be predicted from seismic data.

Loading the Seismic and Horizon Data

On the Data window, double-click the horizon Target_hrz in the Horizon folder of the Project
Loaded section and the volume seismic.vol in the Post-stack folder. They will now appear on
the right side of the Data window, with the status "to be loaded" as shown below.
Select the View3D Data tab in the top right of the window (it should be selected by default).
In the Well Data section, scroll up if required and select the Density and Porosity checkboxes.

December 2006
 View3D 9

Click once anywhere in the seismic.vol line. Move to the D/T Start column on that line (you
may need to use the horizontal scroll bar to reach this column).
Then click once in the D/T Start field for seismic.vol. When a cursor appears in that field, change
the value from "2" to "800" and press <ENTER>. We do this so that the plot will not extend
above 800 milliseconds TWT. Otherwise, the plot would have extended up to 2 milliseconds and
be too tall and awkward to view. See below:

Note: Whenever you edit something in this table, you must press <ENTER> before exiting that
field to keep the edit.
If the wells are not automatically selected for plotting, click each well in the Well folder of the
Project Loaded section.
Click Plot. The selected data now appears in the Display window, while "Loaded" appears in the
Status columns of the Data window.

December 2006
10 View3D

December 2006
 View3D 11

Viewing the Data

In the following figure, note that the outline of the entire volume and wellbore lengths are
shown: this is the default, or "Home" view for the data, and you can return to this view by
pressing the Home key on the left vertical toolbar.

If the window is too short to show the entire toolbar on the left, a scroll icon will let you display
the rest of the toolbar.
Note also that the zone of interest, the part with the horizon, is dwarfed by the spread of data.
The actual color choices for the well data, Seismic and Horizon Color Keys will depend on what
was last used in the program. We will show how to change them later.

December 2006
12 View3D

Scaling the Plot

Your horizon may not appear exactly as shown above, and this is because the scaling may be
different. If the Time axis scale (Z) is too exaggerated, the horizon may look unreasonable. If
your Z scaling is too small, the horizon may look featureless.

From the Options menu, select Scaling to bring up the Scaling window. Ensure that these
values are entered:
X=1
Y=1
Z=0.5
If not, then correct the values and click OK.

If your plot disappears, then click the Home button on the left toolbar. Your plot will
reappear with the correct scale. You may need to click the double arrows at the bottom of the
toolbar to expand it, as shown below.

As a check, we will display a north arrow. From the Options menu, select Show North Arrow
to see a yellow arrow at the top of the plot (see below).

December 2006
 View3D 13

The entire volume is displayed with south facing upwards, contrary to what we would normally
expect, and we should keep that in mind. Reselect Show North Arrow to hide that arrow.
We will now zoom into the zone of interest, using the mouse, as shown below:

From above the 1010 value on the left, press the middle mouse button down and drag it to about
the 1125 value on the right (see below).

December 2006
14 View3D

When you release the mouse button, the display will be zoomed in. Note the well bores, well
tops and the horizon. You may need to resize the edges of the window to see the time scales at
the left and right.

You can use the middle mouse button to:

Shift the display around the screen: SHIFT + Middle Mouse Button
Rotate the display around a point: CTRL + Middle Mouse Button
Zoom and unzoom: Middle Mouse Button, hold and drag as
previously shown

Notice that there is no seismic data displayed, even though the respective color key is shown.
This is because we have not selected anything at the bottom of the window yet, as shown below.

Saving the Viewing Parameters

This will let you save your work and retrieve it again, which is very useful if you must interrupt
this tutorial.

From the Main menu, select File>Set Scene 1. Now, when you restart this tutorial, you will
need to reselect everything on the Data Window and click Plot. When the Display window

December 2006
 View3D 15

appears, all you need to do is select File>Load Scene 1, or click the Recall Scene 1 button
from the left-hand toolbar.

Stopping This Tutorial

First, save your scene, as described above. Close the Data window (not the Display window).
Both windows close and the Visual3D session ends when you close the Data window.

Adding Slices

Select Slice mode from the bottom left menu of the Display window, if it is not already selected.

Click the X box to display the X-axis slice as shown below:

This X slice above shows the porosity values that we have loaded as an attribute. It also partially
obscures the horizon, the wells and well top information (hence the clipped well top labels,
which are easier to see on the screen than on a gray-scale diagram). To move this slice, ensure
that the Slide Slices Mode button of the Slice Creation Mode toolbar is selected. This toolbar
is at the upper right of the Display window.

December 2006
16 View3D

Then click the slice with the left mouse button to select it. The slice now has a red border with
the edges of the volume and with any intersecting horizons or slices.

We have also hidden the color keys, by selecting Seismic> Show Color Map and
Horizon>Show Color Map to turn the Color Map toggles off.

Now drag the X slice towards the rear (to the left) until it is at the edge of the volume, then
release the left mouse button to place it as shown below:

December 2006
 View3D 17

Repeat these steps for the Y slice, checking its box at the bottom left and then moving it to the
right and back. Repeat these steps for the Z slice, checking its box at the bottom left and then
moving it to about 1100 ms, to get the display below:

December 2006
18 View3D

Displaying Attribute Values

For View3D, attributes and seismic data are treated the same except that only seismic data can be
represented by wiggle traces. View3D can only display one "attribute" volume and one "seismic"
volume at the same time. However, you can select what you want as seismic and attribute. We
recommend that "seismic" should be reserved for actual seismic data, while "attribute" should be
reserved for values calculated from the seismic data, such as inversions generated through the
STRATA program or petrophysical parameters generated through the EMERGE program.

Double-click scaled_porosity.vol in the Post-stack folder of the Project Loaded section of the
Data window to display that attribute volume in the View3D Data section to the right.
Now check the load as Attribute box for the scaled_porosity.vol data, but uncheck the load as
Seismic box.

Note that this volume already has a D/T Start value of "800", but it does not matter for the
display if this volume had a different value, since the display's dimensions are set by the first
volume loaded (hence by the seismic.vol volume).
One useful function is to place the mouse over volumes in the View3D Data table. Then a pop-
up appears, giving the basic geometry for that data, as shown below (for the seismic.vol line):

There are also right-click pop-up menus in the Data window that are useful. See the online help
for more on these menus.

December 2006
 View3D 19

Click Plot. The Display window will now show the attribute (porosity) as a color scale and the
Attribute color key will be displayed (you can turn this off through the Attribute menu in the
same way as done for the other color keys).

Changing Color Keys For Color Plots

We will now change the attribute color key to emphasize the higher porosity values. The default
Color Map is Rainbow, as used above.
Select Color Map from the Attribute menu to bring up the ColorMap Settings window.

December 2006
20 View3D

Scroll down to the Lightning Color Map and select it.

Click OK to apply the change and close the Colormap Settings window.

December 2006
 View3D 21

Now the high porosity values are red or yellow and are easier to notice (at least on the screen,
which should not be monochromatic like this book) while the lower porosity values, in which we
are not interested, are in similar shades of green and easily ignored.

If the Upper and Lower values in the Color Mapping section do not approximately match the
Minimum and Maximum values respectively in the Data Range section, then change them to be
close (e.g., using "0" for the Lower and "0.16" for the Upper values).

To further demonstrate the porosity value, while in Slide mode , slide the Z slice up through
the horizon to see how the porosity value changes.

Then move the Z slice back to its original position at about 1100 ms.

December 2006
22 View3D

Showing Traces and Color Plots Together

We will now show the seismic data in a form that is not hidden by the scaled porosity colors,
essentially co-rendering the two sets of data.
Select Seismic>Wiggle from the Display menu. The seismic will now be displayed as wiggle
traces on top of the attribute colors. To return the seismic to its color display, reselect this menu
option to turn it off.

Top, Side and Other Points of View

In the Well menu, uncheck the options Annotation (well and top names) and Tops (disks
showing where the tops are on the well bore) so only the well bores are shown. In the Attribute
menu, uncheck the Show Color Map option to hide the color key. At the bottom of the window,
uncheck the Y and Z checkboxes, so only the X plane is left.
These steps will declutter the view.

December 2006
 View3D 23

Now click the Front View button on the left of the Display window to change the display to
that below:

Use the Undo button or the BACKSPACE key on the keyboard to return to the previous
view. Now click the Top View button .

December 2006
24 View3D

Again, click the Undo button to return to the original view. Press PAGEUP or click the
Zoom In button three times to get the following view.

Again, click the Undo button three times to return to the original view.

You can also move the view in the window by the arrow buttons or using SHIFT and the
keyboard arrow keys. Note that the arrows act as if you are moving the display (as if it were a
paper printout), and not as if you were moving your viewpoint (as in video games).

December 2006
 View3D 25

Special Zoom Views

Birds' Eye View
Press SHIFT-HOME on the keyboard to use this feature. A view of the entire volume will be
displayed in the upper right corner. This view will match the orientation of the current view.
Press SHIFT-HOME on the keyboard again to close the birds' eye view.

Magnifying Glass Zoom

Press M (or m) on the keyboard to use this feature.
Note: The Display Window must be active for this to work. If you are doing this tutorial by
using a pdf file on a screen, you may have that screen active when you click M and then nothing
happens. In that case, click on the Display Window to activate it and reclick M.
A square appears in the middle of the view, magnifying the zone behind it. This magnifying
glass now moves with the mouse. You can still use the middle mouse button for zooming or the
left button for moving slices while this feature is up. You can also make this square wider or
smaller with CTRL-PAGEUP and CTRL-PAGEDOWN. Press M again to turn it off.

December 2006
26 View3D

Oblique Slices, Fences and Probes

Now we will show alternative ways to display parts of the volume. First, uncheck the X
checkbox to remove that plane (clearing the display except for the horizon) and click Home
once so the top of the volume is visible. Then click the Zoom In button twice. If the top of the
volume is off the screen, use the Move Down button to move it into view.

On the upper right side of the window, we have the Slice Mode buttons.

December 2006
 View3D 27

Oblique Slices (Rotated Slices)

An oblique or rotated slice is a slice that does not parallel the X or Y axes, but is perpendicular
to the Z plane. In other words, it is as if you took an X (or Y) slice and rotated it. Remember that
you must be able to view the top of the volume to create these slices.
Click the Create a Rotated Slice icon . Then click down on one upper edge of the volume
(and do not release the button) and drag the mouse toward you and to the left. This is the
direction perpendicular to the line you want. A line with an attached vector indicator now
appears. The end of the vector is controlled by the mouse.

With the left button still pressed, you can use the mouse to move the vector and therefore the
slice.

December 2006
28 View3D

Release the mouse button to create the slice.

If you click on a rotated slice or an edge, another slice will be created at that point and you can
position it as long as the mouse button is held down.
To stop making such slices when you click on the Display window, click the Delete Slice icon
(the box with the X, ) and select the new slice to remove it. Then select Slide Slice to
leave the Delete mode.

December 2006
 View3D 29

Making Fences

A fence is a series of slices connected end-to-end, resembling a fence (of course). They can be
very useful to follow channels, bars or reefs, or to outline a property of land.
To create a fence, click the Fence icon. Then click the front left side to start the fence (you
must click on the top plane, not on the side).

Click the end of that fence panel on the front right side. Now click in a direction to the upper
right. Click further right and then click to the lower right. See below.

Then click the Slide icon to leave Fence mode and therefore finish that fence. In other
words, you enter Fence mode, click the corners of each fence section and then exit Fence mode
to create a fence.
Once you have created a fence, you can move its segments around in Slide mode by dragging
the edges or corners.
In the following example, the fence created above was moved to match the target channel. Note
how it also emphasizes the horizon structure.

December 2006
30 View3D

Now click the Delete Slice icon (the box with the X, ) and select one part of the fence to
remove the entire fence. Remember to then select Slide, so you do not stay in Delete mode.
Probes

A probe is an orthogonal shape that shows the attribute or seismic in a different way than slices.
While slices must extend the entire height of the volume, probes can be limited just to an area of
interest, making them ideal for screen captures. You can also create inside angles (which
resembles "steps" in the probe).
Since we do not need the entire volume for probes, click the Zoom In button twice. If
necessary, click the Move Up button or Move Down button until the Target_hrz horizon is
in the middle of the display.

From the Probe menu, select Add. The initial orthogonal shape is added automatically.

Now select Trim Volume from the Probe menu to bring up that window. Select the Xline tab.
Type "20" (or slice the slider to that value) for the Start X value and press <ENTER>, and type
"50" for the End X value and press <ENTER>. The Display window will show the change in the
shape.

December 2006
 View3D 31

Select the Inline tab and enter "40" for the Start, then press <ENTER> and "60" for the End,
then press <ENTER>.

Then select the Depth tab and, instead of typing values, we will use the slider. Slide the Start
slider to "1000" for the Start Depth, and slide the End slider to "1100" for the End Depth. You
will not need to press <ENTER>. Click Close.

December 2006
32 View3D

The display will now show a block-like "probe".

Now we will add a corner reentrant. Click precisely on the foremost upper corner. The probe
now has a cut-in section.

December 2006
 View3D 33

Click the rear right edge of this reentrant and slide it downwards towards the horizon.

When you are finished, select Delete Current or Delete All from the Probe menu to remove the
probe display.

December 2006
34 View3D

Showing Well Log Data

First zoom in three times with the Zoom In button and use the Move Down button as
needed to move the horizon downward to get a display like that below.

In the Well menu, turn the Annotation and Tops back on.
Select Well>Symbol Size and ensure that the values are set as below:
Top Disk = "3"
Thickness = "0.5"
Wellbore = "2"

December 2006
 View3D 35

If they are not these values, then correct them and click OK. Otherwise, click OK or Close to
close this window.
The Top Disk is the marker that indicates a top on the wellbore. The Thickness value refers to
the thickness of the top disks. The Well Bore refers to the thickness of the actual hole outline in
the display.

Select Curve Display from the Well menu to bring up the Well Log Curve Display Dialog.
Note that the TWT curve is always included as a curve.

December 2006
36 View3D

Select Porosity in the Curve Selection table and click >>Center.

Now select the >>Center button in the Curve Style section. Enter the following parameters, so
the center porosity plot is easier to see:
Cylinder Radius = "0.5".
Scale = "2".
Variable Radius selected.

December 2006
 View3D 37

Keep the other parameters the same. Click OK to close the Curve Display Dialog. Below is the
result. Note how the radius changes to match the porosity values.

December 2006
38 View3D

Selecting Which Wells to View

From the Well menu, select Visual to bring up the Well Log Visual Dialog. In the Original
column, uncheck all the Visible checkboxes except 16-08 and click Apply.

Now only the 16-08 well is displayed. Click Close.

December 2006
 View3D 39

Emphasing Value Ranges and Setting Transparency: Visual Control

Check the X and Y checkboxes at the bottom of the Display window to show those slices.
Position them once again at the back of the volume (they should be there automatically if you
have not moved them).
Select Attribute>Visual to bring up the Visual Control window for the Scaled Porosity
attribute.

Uncheck the Freehand box and check the Linear box. Click on the middle red dot at the left
side of the upper box. Then drag this toward the right, bringing a vertical line along, to about 3/4
over.

December 2006
40 View3D

What this means is that all the values whose colors fit under the now dark section will not be
displayed on the plot. Therefore, only the high porosity areas will be colored. The low porosity
values will not appear. Also, the underlying seismic data will be easier to see. Click OK.

In the Seismic menu, select Visual to bring up a similar window. This time, do not uncheck the
Freehand checkbox. Now draw a curve from the lower left to the upper right, such as below.
Click Apply.

December 2006
 View3D 41

To avoid confusing dark peaks with deleted values (where the black background shows through),
click the Color button on the Visual Control window to bring up the Color Map Settings
window.
Select Rainbow (instead of Gray Scale). Click OK to remove the Color Map Settings window.
Click Apply on the Visual Control window to get the view below. The Rainbow color map has
no black in it, so black then means "no data shown".

Close the Visual window.

For the Display mode, now select Volume instead of Slice.

The entire seismic and attribute volumes are now displayed.

December 2006
42 View3D

Now, from the Seismic menu, select Hide to remove the seismic data from the display. Now
only the attribute data (i.e., higher porosity) is shown.

December 2006
 View3D 43

Removing Data From View3D

At the bottom left of the Display window, reselect Slice instead of Volume for the Display
mode.
Hide the displayed well through the Well>Visual option by unchecking the Visible box in the
Original column, as done before.
Return to the Data window and uncheck the scaled_porosity.vol box in the Selected Volumes
table and click Plot.

This will unload the attribute plot, leaving only the seismic, well and horizon data. We could
have instead hidden the attribute plot without removing it by selecting Attribute> Hide.

Loading Data Slices as Horizons

Now we will load a Data Slice based on the Target_hrz horizon. In the Data Slice section of the
Project Loaded column in the Data window, there are two data slices. The slice seismic target
is just a sparser-sampled version of the Target_hrz horizon, and we will not use it. It, however,
was used in EMERGE to create another slice, the scaled_porosity slice. This slice will display
porosity calculated by the EMERGE program. Double-click it to place it in the Horizon Group
Data with the status "To Be Loaded". Then click Plot.

December 2006
44 View3D

The Display window will show the same amplitude surface as Target_hrz, but as the sampling
rate was lower, it is not as smoothed as the first horizon we used. The color plot will now
represent scaled porosity, not two-way time. In this display, we have turned the Horizon Color
Key display back on through Horizon>Show Color Map.

Note that blue and violet represent moderate porosity and yellow and red represent insufficient
porosity. Note also that you can select which horizon to show by using the Horizon Group drop-
down menu at the top of the window. We will stay with scaled porosity.

December 2006
 View3D 45

Now select Horizon>Visual to open the Visual window for the scaled_porosity data slice. Click
the Wire Frame check box in the Show section.

Then click Apply.

The wire frame matches the TWT data and shows the effect of the sampling rate. By the way,
this is a good surface to try the Magnifying Glass view we talked about earlier (as brought up by
the M key).
Uncheck Wire Frame and check the Contour box.

December 2006
46 View3D

Then click Apply.

These contours reflect the TWT structure.

When you have finished, close the window. Then close the Data window (not the Display
window). Both windows close and the Visual3D session ends when you close the Data window.

This concludes the Visual3D tutorial.

December 2006