Heat Transfer in A Composite Wall

Problem Statement: -
Code the given problem in FEM1D application and Find nodal temperature and the heat
transfer through the composite wall as shown in figure A. Assume one dimensional heat
flow.
Diagram: - K=Thermal conductivity, h=length of the element, T=temperature.
h1 h2 h3 T = 370 'C
k2 T = 66 'C
h1=25 mm
h2=75 mm
h3= 50 mm
k1=150 w/m 'c
k2= 30 w/m 'c
k3=70 w/m 'c
k1 k3 k4 k4= 50 w/m 'c
Figure: A
Solution:- For the solution of the given problem, we make following assumptions,
1 Cross sectional area A=1 unit.
2 No internal heat generation.
3 Heat flow is steady-state and one dimensional.
Governing equation is, -KAd2Tdx2=0
From the model equation of this problem a=ka, c=0 and f=0,
For this problem we have, MODEL=1, NTYPE=0, because it is a problem of model equation,
and ITEM=0 for steady-state solution. IELEM=1 for linear finite element and there is three
element so NEM=3 that makes number of global nodes in mesh be 4 so NNM=4.and
ICONT=0 as the data is element dependent.
Now, for the element one, length is 0.025m and K1*A=150 so AX0=150, the length of the
second element is 0.075m and (K2+K3)*A=100 so AX0=100 for the second element
similarly AX0=50 for the 3rd element of 0.05m length. All b, c and f values will be zero from
the model equation.
At the last, we need to put boundary conditions to finish our coding. Here T= temperature is
primary variable and Q=heat flow is secondary variable. We are given two temperatures of
two sides. Left sides wall surface temperature is 370 C. and right hand side wall temperature
is 66C. That means we are given two primary conditions so NSPV=2 with VSPV=370 at
node 1 and VSPV=66 at node 4. There is no boundary conditions with secondary variable and
no mixed (having primary and secondary variable) boundary condition so NSSV=0,
NNBC=0, NMPC=0. Given below is the Final input data for the problem,
Example 4.12: Heat transfer in a composite wall (J.N.Reddy-Pg-219)
1 0 0 MODEL, NTYPE, ITEM
1 3 IELEM, NEM
0 2 ICONT, NPRNT
4 NNM
1 2 0.025 NOD (1, J), GLX (1)
150.0 0.0 AX0, AX1 | Data for
0.0 0.0 BX0, BX1 | Element 1
0.0 0.0 CX0, CX1 |
0.0 0.0 0.0 FX0, FX1, FX2 |
2 3 0.075 NOD (2, J), GLX (2)
100.0 0.0 AX0, AX1 | Data for
0.0 0.0 BX0, BX1 | Element 2
0.0 0.0 CX0, CX1 |
0.0 0.0 0.0 FX0, FX1, FX2 |
3 4 0.05 NOD (2, J), GLX (3)

50.0 0.0 AX0, AX1 | Data for
0.0 0.0 BX0, BX1 | Element 3
0.0 0.0 CX0, CX1 |
0.0 0.0 0.0 FX0, FX1, FX2 |
2 NSPV
1 1 370.0 ISPV (1, 1), ISPV (1, 2), VSPV (1)
4 1 66 ISPV (2, 1), ISPV (2, 2), VSPV (2)
0 NSSV
0 NNBC (NO convection)
0 NMPC
**** ECHO OF THE INPUT DATA ENDS ****
Solution: 4.12
OUTPUT from program FEM1D by J N REDDY
_______________________________________________________
Example 4.12: Heat transfer in a composite wall
*** ANALYSIS OF MODEL 1, AND TYPE 0 PROBLEM ***
(see the code below)
MODEL=1,NTYPE=0: A problem described by MODEL EQ. 1
MODEL=1,NTYPE=1: A circular DISK (PLANE STRESS)
MODEL=1,NTYPE>1: A circular DISK (PLANE STRAIN)
MODEL=2,NTYPE=0: A Timoshenko BEAM (RIE) problem
MODEL=2,NTYPE=1: A Timoshenko PLATE (RIE) problem
MODEL=2,NTYPE=2: A Timoshenko BEAM (CIE) problem

MODEL=2,NTYPE>2: A Timoshenko PLATE (CIE) problem
MODEL=3,NTYPE=0: A Euler-Bernoulli BEAM problem
MODEL=3,NTYPE>0: A Euler-Bernoulli Circular plate
MODEL=4,NTYPE=0: A plane TRUSS problem
MODEL=4,NTYPE=1: A Euler-Bernoulli FRAME problem
MODEL=4,NTYPE=2: A Timoshenko (CIE) FRAME problem
Element type (0, Hermite,>0, Lagrange)..= 1
No. of deg. of freedom per node, NDF....= 1
No. of elements in the mesh, NEM........= 3
No. of total DOF in the model, NEQ......= 4
Half bandwidth of matrix [GLK], NHBW ...= 2
No. of specified primary DOF, NSPV......= 2
No. of specified secondary DOF, NSSV....= 0
No. of specified Newton B. C.: NNBC.....= 0
No. of speci. multi-pt. cond.: NMPC.....= 0
Boundary information on primary variables:
1 1 0.37000E+03
4 1 0.66000E+02
Properties of Element = 1
Element length, H ....... = 0.2500E-01
AX0 = 0.1500E+03 AX1 = 0.0000E+00
BX0 = 0.0000E+00 BX1 = 0.0000E+00
CX0 = 0.0000E+00 CX1 = 0.0000E+00
FX0 = 0.0000E+00 FX1 = 0.0000E+00 FX2 = 0.0000E+00
AX0 = 0.1000E+03 AX1 = 0.0000E+00
BX0 = 0.0000E+00 BX1 = 0.0000E+00
CX0 = 0.0000E+00 CX1 = 0.0000E+00
FX0 = 0.0000E+00 FX1 = 0.0000E+00 FX2 = 0.0000E+00
AX0 = 0.5000E+02 AX1 = 0.0000E+00
BX0 = 0.0000E+00 BX1 = 0.0000E+00
CX0 = 0.0000E+00 CX1 = 0.0000E+00
FX0 = 0.0000E+00 FX1 = 0.0000E+00 FX2 = 0.0000E+00
Solution: (values of PVs) at the NODES:
0.37000E+03 0.34357E+03 0.22461E+03 0.66000E+02
Graphical Representation:
Figure: B
Modification: - Adding Rectangular copper fins having conductivity K=400 w/(m.c) to right
side of the wall expose to ambient temperature of 20 C as shown below, Consider the
dimensions of the fin as L(length)=100 mm, b(width)=5mm, t(thickness)=1mm. the
convection heat transfer coefficient β=25 w/(m2.c). P=perimeter=12 mm.
Governing Equation:
-KAd2Tdx2+βP(T-T∞)=0
By comparing with the model equation we get, a=kA, c= Pβ, f=PβT∞. Here c≠0 so consider
uniform mesh with h1=h2=h3=h4=L/4.
a= kA= 400× (5×1) ×10^-6= 2.0×10^-3.
c= Pβ= 12×10^-3×25= 0.3
f= PβT∞= 0.3×20= 6
Boundary condition: case-1:- T (0) =66 ‘C,

[ -kAdTdx+βA(T-T∞) ] x=L =0
L=100mm.
b=5mm
T0=66 C T∞=20 C
t=1mm
Figure: C
CODING: - For Rectangular fin case-1, put the value of length of element, a, c, and f
according to previous example. But here, we have one convection with β=25 means we are
given one mixed boundary condition so NSPV=1 with VSPV= 66 'C while NSSV=0 and
NNBC=1 with 20 'C air temperature. Final input would be like this,
Example 4.12(b): Rectangular cooling fin TITLE
1 4 IELEM, NEM
1 2 ICONT, NPRNT
0.0 25.0E-03 25.0E-03 25.0E-03 25.0E-03 DX(1), DX(2), DX(3), DX(4), DX(5)
2.0E-03 0.0 AX0, AX1
0.0 0.0 BX0, BX1
0.3 0.0 CX0, CX1
6.0 0.0 0.0 FX0, FX1, FX2
1 NSPV
1 1 66.0 ISPV(1,1), ISPV(1,2), VSPV(1)
0 NSSV
1 NNBC
5 1 0.000125 20.0
0 NMPC
Solution: 4.12b
OUTPUT from program FEM1D by J N REDDY
_______________________________________________________
Example 4.12(b): Rectangular cooling fin TITLE

1 1 0.66000E+02
Boundary information on mixed boundary cond.:
5 1 0.12500E-03 0.20000E+02
Global coordinates of the nodes, {GLX}:
0.00000E+00 0.25000E-01 0.50000E-01 0.75000E-01 0.10000E+00
Coefficients of the differential equation:
AX0 = 0.2000E-02 AX1 = 0.0000E+00
BX0 = 0.0000E+00 BX1 = 0.0000E+00
CX0 = 0.3000E+00 CX1 = 0.0000E+00
FX0 = 0.6000E+01 FX1 = 0.0000E+00 FX2 = 0.0000E+00
Element coefficient matrix, [ELK]:
0.82500E-01 -0.78750E-01
-0.78750E-01 0.82500E-01
Element source vector, {ELF}:
0.75000E-01 0.75000E-01
0.82500E-01 -0.78750E-01
-0.78750E-01 0.82500E-01
0.75000E-01 0.75000E-01

0.82500E-01 -0.78750E-01
-0.78750E-01 0.82500E-01
0.75000E-01 0.75000E-01
0.82500E-01 -0.78750E-01
-0.78750E-01 0.82500E-01
0.75000E-01 0.75000E-01
Global coefficient matrix, [GLK]:
0.82500E-01 -0.78750E-01
0.16500E+00 -0.78750E-01
0.16500E+00 -0.78750E-01
0.16500E+00 -0.78750E-01
0.82500E-01 0.00000E+00
Global source vector, {GLF}:
0.75000E-01 0.15000E+00 0.15000E+00 0.15000E+00 0.75000E-01
0.10000E+01 0.00000E+00
0.16500E+00 -0.78750E-01
0.16500E+00 -0.78750E-01
0.16500E+00 -0.78750E-01
0.82625E-01 0.00000E+00
Solution : 4.12(b) (values of PVs) at the NODES:
0.66000E+02 0.56068E+02 0.49572E+02 0.45892E+02 0.44677E+02
Graphical representation:
Figure: D
Boundary condition: case-2:- T (0) =66 'C
T(L) = 20 'C
Comparing with the case-1, case-2 has given 2 primary condition with 20 'C temperature at
the end of the fin so we get NSPV=2 with VSPV=66 at node one and VSPV=20 at node 5.
Final input data would be like this,
Example 4.12(c): Rectangular cooling fin TITLE
1 4 IELEM, NEM
1 2 ICONT, NPRNT
0.0 25.0E-03 25.0E-03 25.0E-03 25.0E-03 DX(1)=X0; DX(2)
2.0E-03 0.0 AX0, AX1
0.0 0.0 BX0, BX1
0.3 0.0 CX0, CX1
6.0 0.0 0.0 FX0, FX1, FX2
2 NSPV
1 1 66.0 ISPV(1,1), ISPV(1,2), VSPV(1)
5 1 20.0 ISPV(1,1), ISPV(1,2), VSPV(1)
0 NSSV
0 NNBC
0 NMPC
Solution: 4.12(c)

1 1 0.66000E+02
5 1 0.20000E+02
Global coordinates of the nodes, {GLX}:

0.00000E+00 0.25000E-01 0.50000E-01 0.75000E-01 0.10000E+00
Coefficients of the differential equation:
AX0 = 0.2000E-02 AX1 = 0.0000E+00
BX0 = 0.0000E+00 BX1 = 0.0000E+00
CX0 = 0.3000E+00 CX1 = 0.0000E+00
FX0 = 0.6000E+01 FX1 = 0.0000E+00 FX2 = 0.0000E+00
0.82500E-01 -0.78750E-01
-0.78750E-01 0.82500E-01
0.75000E-01 0.75000E-01
0.82500E-01 -0.78750E-01
-0.78750E-01 0.82500E-01
0.75000E-01 0.75000E-01
0.82500E-01 -0.78750E-01
-0.78750E-01 0.82500E-01
0.75000E-01 0.75000E-01
0.82500E-01 -0.78750E-01
-0.78750E-01 0.82500E-01
0.75000E-01 0.75000E-01
0.82500E-01 -0.78750E-01
0.16500E+00 -0.78750E-01
0.16500E+00 -0.78750E-01
0.16500E+00 -0.78750E-01
0.82500E-01 0.00000E+00
Global source vector, {GLF}:
0.75000E-01 0.15000E+00 0.15000E+00 0.15000E+00 0.75000E-01
0.10000E+01 0.00000E+00
0.16500E+00 -0.78750E-01
0.16500E+00 -0.78750E-01
0.16500E+00 0.00000E+00
0.10000E+01 0.00000E+00
Solution: 4.12(c) (values of PVs) at the NODES:
0.66000E+02 0.51140E+02 0.39247E+02 0.29186E+02 0.20000E+02
Graphical Representation:
Figure: E

Heat Transfer in A Composite Wall

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Problem Statement: -

Diagram: - K=Thermal conductivity, h=length of the element, T=temperature.

1 Cross sectional area A=1 unit.

2 No internal heat generation.

3 Heat flow is steady-state and one dimensional.

Governing equation is, -KAd2Tdx2=0

Example 4.12: Heat transfer in a composite wall (J.N.Reddy-Pg-219)

1 0 0 MODEL, NTYPE, ITEM

1 2 0.025 NOD (1, J), GLX (1)

150.0 0.0 AX0, AX1 | Data for

0.0 0.0 BX0, BX1 | Element 1

0.0 0.0 CX0, CX1 |

0.0 0.0 0.0 FX0, FX1, FX2 |

2 3 0.075 NOD (2, J), GLX (2)

100.0 0.0 AX0, AX1 | Data for

0.0 0.0 BX0, BX1 | Element 2

0.0 0.0 CX0, CX1 |

0.0 0.0 0.0 FX0, FX1, FX2 |

3 4 0.05 NOD (2, J), GLX (3)

0.0 0.0 BX0, BX1 | Element 3

0.0 0.0 CX0, CX1 |

0.0 0.0 0.0 FX0, FX1, FX2 |

1 1 370.0 ISPV (1, 1), ISPV (1, 2), VSPV (1)

4 1 66 ISPV (2, 1), ISPV (2, 2), VSPV (2)

0 NNBC (NO convection)

**** ECHO OF THE INPUT DATA ENDS ****

OUTPUT from program FEM1D by J N REDDY

Example 4.12: Heat transfer in a composite wall

*** ANALYSIS OF MODEL 1, AND TYPE 0 PROBLEM ***

(see the code below)

MODEL=1,NTYPE=0: A problem described by MODEL EQ. 1

MODEL=1,NTYPE=1: A circular DISK (PLANE STRESS)

MODEL=1,NTYPE>1: A circular DISK (PLANE STRAIN)

MODEL=2,NTYPE=0: A Timoshenko BEAM (RIE) problem

MODEL=2,NTYPE=1: A Timoshenko PLATE (RIE) problem

MODEL=2,NTYPE=2: A Timoshenko BEAM (CIE) problem

MODEL=3,NTYPE=0: A Euler-Bernoulli BEAM problem

MODEL=3,NTYPE>0: A Euler-Bernoulli Circular plate

MODEL=4,NTYPE=0: A plane TRUSS problem

MODEL=4,NTYPE=1: A Euler-Bernoulli FRAME problem

MODEL=4,NTYPE=2: A Timoshenko (CIE) FRAME problem

Element type (0, Hermite,>0, Lagrange)..= 1

No. of deg. of freedom per node, NDF....= 1

No. of elements in the mesh, NEM........= 3

No. of total DOF in the model, NEQ......= 4

Half bandwidth of matrix [GLK], NHBW ...= 2

No. of specified primary DOF, NSPV......= 2

No. of specified secondary DOF, NSSV....= 0

No. of specified Newton B. C.: NNBC.....= 0

No. of speci. multi-pt. cond.: NMPC.....= 0

Boundary information on primary variables:

Element length, H ....... = 0.2500E-01

AX0 = 0.1500E+03 AX1 = 0.0000E+00

BX0 = 0.0000E+00 BX1 = 0.0000E+00

CX0 = 0.0000E+00 CX1 = 0.0000E+00

FX0 = 0.0000E+00 FX1 = 0.0000E+00 FX2 = 0.0000E+00

AX0 = 0.1000E+03 AX1 = 0.0000E+00

BX0 = 0.0000E+00 BX1 = 0.0000E+00

CX0 = 0.0000E+00 CX1 = 0.0000E+00

ECHO OF THE INPUT DATA ENDS

* ANALYSIS OF MODEL 1, AND TYPE 0 PROBLEM *

* ANALYSIS OF MODEL 1, AND TYPE 0 PROBLEM *