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Using String Formatting Methods

The document discusses various string and function methods in Python. It describes string methods like .capitalize(), .lower(), .upper(), etc. that modify strings. Boolean string tests like .isalpha() and .isdigit() are also covered. User-defined and built-in functions are explained, with print() used as an example. Key aspects of defining functions like parameters, return values, and scope are summarized.

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68 views

Using String Formatting Methods

The document discusses various string and function methods in Python. It describes string methods like .capitalize(), .lower(), .upper(), etc. that modify strings. Boolean string tests like .isalpha() and .isdigit() are also covered. User-defined and built-in functions are explained, with print() used as an example. Key aspects of defining functions like parameters, return values, and scope are summarized.

Uploaded by

sumit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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String Methods: -

Using string formatting methods


the following methods can be applied to string objects

 .capitalize() - capitalizes the first character of a string

 .lower() - all characters of a string are made lowercase

 .upper() - all characters of a string are made uppercase

 .swapcase() - all characters of a string are made to switch case upper becomes
lower and vice versa

 .title() - each 'word' separated by a space is capitalized

Boolean string tests return Boolean True or False

methods

 .isalpha()

 .isalnum()

 .istitle()

 .isdigit()

 .islower()

 .isupper()

 .startswith()

Using the in keyword to return a Boolean


the in keyword can be used as a simple search returning True or False indication if a
string is included in a target sequence.
Python allows us to create User Defined Functions and provides many Built-in
Functions such as print()

 print() can be called using arguments (or without) and sends text to standard
output, such as the console.

 print() uses Parameters to define the variable Arguments that can be passed to
the Function.

 print() defines multiple string/numbers parameters which means we can send a


long list of Arguments to print(), separated by commas.

 print() can also be called directly with just its name and empty parenthesis and it
will return a blank line to standard output

basics of a user defined function

 define a function with def

 use indentation (4 spaces)

 define parameters

 optional parameters

 return values (or none)

 function scope (basics defaults)


def some_function():
use the def statement when creating a function

 use a function name that starts with a letter or underscore (usually a lower-case
letter)

 function names can contain letters, numbers or underscores

 parenthesis () follow the function name

 a colon : follows the parenthesis

 the code for the function is indented under the function definition (use 4 spaces for
this course)

def some_function():

#code the function tasks indented here

The end of the function is denoted by returning to no indentation


Concept: Function Parameters

Functions that have Parameters


print() and type() are examples of built-in functions that have Parameters defined

type() has a parameter for a Python Object and sends back the type of the object

an Argument is a value given for a parameter when calling a function

 type is called providing an Argument - in this case the string "Hello"

type("Hello")

Defining Function Parameters

 Parameters are defined inside of the parenthesis as part of a function def statement

 Parameters are typically copies of objects that are available for use in function code

def say_this(phrase):

print(phrase)

Function can have default Arguments

 Default Arguments are used if no argument is supplied

 Default arguments are assigned when creating the parameter list

def say_this(phrase = "Hi"):

print(phrase)

Concept: Function with Return Value

Calling a function with a return value

 type() returns an object type

 type() can be called with a float the return value can be stored in a variable

object_type = type(2.33)

creating a function with a return value

 return keyword in a function returns a value after exiting the function


def msg_double(phrase):

double = phrase + " " + phrase

return double

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