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Fingerprint Recognition Using Artificial Neural Networks

This document discusses fingerprint recognition using artificial neural networks. It summarizes that neural networks can be used for fingerprint recognition by training a multi-layer perceptron network to detect minutiae features in fingerprint images. The network is trained using backpropagation to analyze fingerprint images by scanning in a window and output whether minutiae features are present or not. Additional rules are used to select significant minutiae features and exclude falsely reported features.

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92 views5 pages

Fingerprint Recognition Using Artificial Neural Networks

This document discusses fingerprint recognition using artificial neural networks. It summarizes that neural networks can be used for fingerprint recognition by training a multi-layer perceptron network to detect minutiae features in fingerprint images. The network is trained using backpropagation to analyze fingerprint images by scanning in a window and output whether minutiae features are present or not. Additional rules are used to select significant minutiae features and exclude falsely reported features.

Uploaded by

tarun1995
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© © All Rights Reserved
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11/8/2017

Fingerprint Recognition using Artificial


Neural Networks

Programme: BEng (Hons) Mechatronics Engineering

Level: Level 4

Module: Robotics and Machine Intelligence

Module Code: MECH 4007Y

Assignment: Applications of Machine Intelligence

Lecturer: Dr Mahendra Gooroochurn

Name: Tarun Trivedi Goohuram 1410257


Introduction

Machine intelligence is the study of the principles, foundations, and designs of adaptive systems
that have the ability to learn, predict, optimise, and make decisions to accomplish goals through
interaction with uncertain environments.

In this paper we use a Multi-layer perceptron neural network with learning algorithm retro
propagation errors, for application in fingerprint recognition.

Traditionally, fingerprint recognition systems are based on the detection of individual fingerprint
traits that are measurable. These features are captured by a system that automatically performs
the recognition of the person and must meet the following conditions: universality (everyone
should have that feature), uniqueness (must be unique for each individual), stay (invariable
through time) and quantifiability (must be measurable in a quantitative manner).

The use of fingerprint biometric identification techniques is widely accepted because it is highly
reliable, easy to use, prevents against attacks, generally accepted, and reliable, it can be
authenticated, is cost efficient and standardized

Neural network

 Neural network enables solutions to be found to problems where algorithmic methods are
too computationally intensive or do not exist
 The problem of feature extraction and classification seems to be a suitable application for
neural nets.
 They offer significant speed advantages over conventional techniques

Features of fingerprints

Fingerprints are imprints formed by friction ridges of the skin in fingers and thumbs.

 Their pattern is permanent and unchangeable on each finger during all the life;
 They are individual
 They have long been used for identification
The pattern recognition system

 Image acquisition converting a scene into an array of numbers that can be


manipulated by a computer.
 Edge detection and thinning are parts of the pre-processing step which involves
removing noise, enhancing the picture and, if necessary, segmenting the image
into meaningful regions.
 Feature extraction in which the image is represented by a set of numerical
“features” to remove redundancy from the data and reduce its dimension.
 Classification where a class label is assigned to the image/object by examining its
extracted features and comparing them with the class that the classifier has
learned during its training stage.

Feature extraction and selection

 Selection of good feature is a crucial step in the process since the next stage sees only
these features and acts upon them.
 150 different minutiae type have been identified but in practice only ridge ending and
ridge bifurcation are used.
 Good features are those satisfying two requirements:
 Small interclass invariance (i.e. slightly different shapes with similar general
characteristics should have numerically close values)
 Large interclass separation (i.e. features from different classes should be quite different
numerically)
Neural Networks Applied to the Detection of Fingerprints

A multilayer perceptron network of three layers is trained to detect the minutiae in the thinned
part image of size 128x128

 The first layer has four units associated with the components of the input vector
 The hidden layer has five units
 The output layer has one unit corresponding to the number of the classes

The network is trained to output ‘1’ when the input window is centered on the feature to be
located and it outputs ‘0’ if minutiae are not present.

The network is trained by using the backpropagation learning technique and the weight
change is updated according to:
𝜕𝐸
∆𝑤(𝑛) = −𝜂 + 𝛼𝑤(𝑛 − 1)
𝜕𝑤

E  is the energy function which is defined as the sum of the square difference between
the desired output response and the actual output response of each training example

W  is the connection weight between unit I and unit j of the network

∆𝑤(𝑛) is the weight change in the nth cycle

𝜂is the learning rate

𝛼 is the momentum term

The trained network is then used to analyse the complete image by raster scanning the fingerprint
via window of size 3x3

In order to prevent the falsely reported features and select “significant” minutiae, two more rules
are added to the system to guarantee perfect ridge forks are detected while excluding all other
features:

 At those potential minutiae feature points we examine them by increasing the window
size to 5x5
 If two or more minutiae are too close together, we ignore all of them

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