1
Mathematics 1c: Solutions, Homework Set 5
Due: Monday, May 10th at 10am.
1. (10 Points) Section 5.1, Exercise 4 Using Cavalieri’s principle, compute the
volume of the structure shown in Figure 5.1.11 of the textbook; each section is
a rectangle of length 5 and width 3.
Solution. By Cavalieri’s principle the volume of the solid in Figure 5.1.11
is the same as that of a rectangular parallelepiped of dimensions 3 × 5 × 7 or
(3)(5)(7) = 105.
2. (20 Points) Section 5.2, Exercise 8 Let f be continuous on R = [a, b]×[c, d].
For a < x < b, and c < y < d, define
Z xZ y
F (x, y) = f (u, v)dv du.
a c
Show that
∂2F ∂2F
= = f (x, y).
∂x∂y ∂y∂x
Use this example to discuss the relationship between Fubini’s Theorem and the
equality of mixed partial derivatives.
Solution. By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Z y
∂F
(x, y) = f (x, v)dv
∂x c
and applying it once again, we have
∂2F
(x, y) = f (x, y).
∂y∂x
In the reverse order, we first apply Fubini’s Theorem and then the Fundamen-
tal Theorem of Calculus twice. Thus
Z yZ x
F (x, y) = f (u, v)du dv
c a
and x
∂F
Z
(x, y) = f (u, y)du
∂y a
and then
∂2F
(x, y) = f (x, y).
∂x∂y
Fubini’s Theorem is, in a sense, the integral version of the theorem on the
equality of mixed partials. If
∂F ∂F ∂ 2 F ∂2F
, , and
∂x ∂y ∂x∂y ∂y∂x
2
are all continuous, then Fubini’s Theorem, and the Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus imply that
Z xZ y 2 Z yZ x 2
∂ F ∂ F
(u, v)dv du = (u, v)du dv
a c ∂x∂y ∂x∂y
Zc y a
∂F ∂F
= (x, v) − (a, v) dv
c ∂y ∂y
= F (x, y) − F (x, c) − F (a, y) + F (a, c).
A similar calculation of the iterated integral
Z xZ y 2
∂ F
(u, v)dv du
a c ∂y∂x
gives the same answer and thus
Z xZ y 2 Z xZ y 2
∂ F ∂ F
(u, v)dv du = (u, v)dv du.
a c ∂y∂x a c ∂x∂y
This in turn implies that
∂2F ∂2F
ZZ ZZ
dA = dA
R ∂x∂y R ∂y∂x
for all rectangles R. Since R is arbitrary, this implies that
∂2F ∂2F
= .
∂x∂y ∂y∂x
This shows how one may deduce equality of mixed partials assuming Fubini’s
Theorem has been proved.
3. (10 Points)Section 5.3, Exercise 2(a). Evaluate and sketch the region of
integration
Z 2 Z y2
(x2 + y)dx dy.
−3 0
Solution. The region of integration is shown in the Figure.
x = y2
y=2
x
x=4
y=–3
3
This region is x-simple but not y-simple, since it is bounded on the left and
right by graphs, but not top and bottom (unless we broke it into two pieces,
one above the x-axis and one below. The integral is
2
x=y2 ! Z 2 6 4 2
x3 7
y y y
Z
3
+ xy dy = + y dy = +
−3 3 x=0 −3 3 21 4 −3
27 37 24 34 27 + 37 65
= + + − = − .
21 21 4 4 21 4
4. (10 Points)Section 5.4, Exercise 2(a). Find
Z 1Z 1
(x + y)2 dx dy.
−1 |y|
Solution. Changing the order of integration (see the Figure) we see that
this iterated integral is equal to
Z 1Z x
1 1
Z
x
(x + y)2 dy dx = (x + y)3 −x dx
0 −x 3 0
8 1 3
Z
2
= x dx = .
3 0 3
x
-
5. (10 Points)Section 5.4, Exercise 8. Compute the double integral
ZZ
f (x, y)dA
D
where √
f (x, y) = y 2 x
and D is the set of (x, y) where x > 0, y > x2 , and y < 10 − x2 .
4
Solution. This integral is equal to the iterated integral
√ √
5 Z 10−x2 5
2√
Z
1
Z h i10−x2
y x dy dx = y 3 x1/2 2 dx
0 x2 3 0 x
√ √
Z 5 Z 5
1 1
= (10 − x2 )3 x1/2 dx − x13/2 dx.
3 0 3 0
The second integral equals
1 2 √
− ( )( 5)15/2 .
3 15
To slightly simplify the first integral set u2 = x so that 2udu = dx. Changing
variables, the first integral equals
Z 51/4
2
(10 − u4 )3 u2 du
3
Z 51/4
2
= [1000u2 − 100u6 + 10u10 − u14 ]du
3
51/4
u 7 10 11 u15
2 u3
= 1000 − 100 + u −
3 3 7 11 15 0
" #
2 1000 3/4 100 7/4 10 11/4 515/4
= 5 − 5 + 5 − .
3 3 7 11 15
6. (10 Points)Section 5.5, Exercise 15. Evaluate
ZZZ
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )dx dy dz,
W
where W is the region bounded by x + y + z = a (where a > 0 is a given
constant), x = 0, y = 0, and z = 0.
Solution. The set W is defined by the inequalities
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, z ≥ 0, and 0≤x+y+z ≤a
and is shown in the Figure.
5
x+y+z=a
x+y=a
Thus,
ZZZ
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )dx dy dz
W
Z a Z a−x Z a−x−y
= dx dy dz(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )
0 0 0
Z a Z a−x
2 2 1 3
= dx (x + y )(a − x − y) + (a − x − y) dy
0 0 3
Z a
2 2 1 4 1 2 2 1 4
= x (a − x) + (a − x) − x (a − x) + (a − x) dx
0 12 2 12
Z a a a
1 2 2 3 4 1 5
1 5
= (a x − 2ax + x )dx + (x − a) + (x − a)
2 0 60 0 60 0
1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5
= a − a + a + a + a = a . ♦
6 4 10 60 60 20
7. (10 Points)Section 5.5, Exercise 16. Evaluate
ZZZ
z dx dy dz
W
where W is the region bounded by the planes x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, z = 1, and
the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1, with x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.
Solution. Since W is defined by the inequalities
x2 + y 2 ≤ 1, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, and 0 ≤ z ≤ 1,
we have
1
π 1 2 1 π
ZZZ ZZ Z
z dx dy dz = dx dy zdz = · z = . ♦
W x2 +y 2 ≤1 0 4 2 0 8
x≥0,y≥0