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History of Microelectronics

This document provides a brief history of microelectronics from 1925 to 1981. It describes the development of vacuum tubes in the 1920s, early solid state diodes in the 1930s, and the invention of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1947, leading to the development of the integrated circuit in the late 1950s. Key events included the founding of Fairchild and other early semiconductor companies in the 1950s in Silicon Valley, the development of the first commercially available integrated circuit by Fairchild in 1961, and the release of the first microprocessors by Intel in the early 1970s.

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Aubrey Tolentino
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82 views3 pages

History of Microelectronics

This document provides a brief history of microelectronics from 1925 to 1981. It describes the development of vacuum tubes in the 1920s, early solid state diodes in the 1930s, and the invention of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1947, leading to the development of the integrated circuit in the late 1950s. Key events included the founding of Fairchild and other early semiconductor companies in the 1950s in Silicon Valley, the development of the first commercially available integrated circuit by Fairchild in 1961, and the release of the first microprocessors by Intel in the early 1970s.

Uploaded by

Aubrey Tolentino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aubrey C.

Tolentino September 4 2019

BSCPE – 5

CPEN 111

Assignment # 2

Brief History of Microelectronics

1925 - Vacuum tubes for almost all complex circuits (switches, amplifiers).

1935 - Simple solid-state diodes marketed: made of Se, PbS or Si.

1935 – a patent was issued to O. Heil for a field effect triode.

1940 - First commercial sources of high-purity Si and Ge. Needed for mixer and detector
diodes used in radar, which was newly-developed concurrent with WWII.

1947 - The first integrated transistor (Bell telephone laboratories) by John Bardeen, Walter
Brattain and William Shockley. This led to 1956 Nobel Prize in physics for all three.

1947 - Germanium Point Contact Transistor.

1952 - Shockley invents junction transistor, and Gordon Teal/Gordon Sparks reduce it to
practice. Replaces point-contact version with its reliability problems.

1953 - CK722, one of the best known transistor was introduced by Raytheon.

1954 – William Shockley left Bell Labs to starts its own company in Palo Alto, CA. – Silicon
Valley.

1954 - First Si-based solar cell.

1955 – RCA introduced the 2N109 (Germanium PNP Alloy Junction) as reliable germanium
audio transistor and used in many transistorized radios.
1958 - The first integrated circuit available as a monolithic chip (flip-flop).

1958 - The first field effect transistor was working. It was called “Tecnitron” by its creator, S.
Teszner, working in France.

1958 - Shockley invents IMPATT diode for microwave generation. Is forerunner of today’s
wireless communication (e.g., cell phones).

1958 - Integrated Circuit was invented by two different people, Jack Kilby (TI) required wires;
Robert Noyce (Fairchild) used evaporated aluminium.

1959 - Fairchild introduced Planar Transistor.

1959 - RCA was working on FETs.

1959 - Jack Kilby (of TI) files patent for first integrated circuit formed in situ on a single piece of
semiconductor. (IC contains all needed active and passive elements and interconnects.)

1961 – Fairchild, Integrated circuit developed by Robert Noyce was the first commercially
available, it was the Flip – Flop.

1962 - NPN Transistor.

1962 - RCA was fabricating multipurpose logic block comprising 16 MOSFETs on a single chip.

1962 - Robert Noyce (Fairchild) patents another version of the IC, leading to heated legal
battles with Kilby.

1966 - First year Si-based circuit sales outstrip Ge. Si has better high-T performance and forms
a better oxide in situ.

1971 - The first 4bit microprocessor (intel 4004).


1972 - The first 8bit microprocessor (intel 8008).

1981 - The first IBM PC.

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