Shakti Peethas 1

Shakti Peethas
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The Shakti Peethas (Sanskrit: शक्ति पीठ, Bengali: শক্তিপীঠ, Śakti Pīṭha, seat of Shakti) are places of worship
consecrated to the goddess Shakti or Sati, the female principal of Hinduism and the main deity of the Shakta sect.
They are sprinkled throughout the Indian subcontinent.[2]
This goddess Shakti, the Goddess of power is the complete incarnation of Adi Shakti, has three chief manifestations,
as Durga, Goddess of strength and valour, as Mahakali, goddess of destruction of evil and as Goddess Gowri, the
goddess of benevolence.

Legend
Lord Brahma performed a yajna (Vedic ritual of fire
sacrifice) to please Shakti and Shiva. Goddess Shakti
emerged, separating from Shiva and helped Brahma in the
creation of the universe. Brahma decided to give Shakti
back to Shiva. Therefore his son Daksha performed
several yajnas to obtain Shakti as his daughter in the form
of Sati. It was then decided that Sati was brought into this
world with the motive of getting married to Shiva.

However, due to Lord Shiva's curse to Brahma that his

fifth head was cut off due to his lie in front of Shiva,
Daksha started hating Lord Shiva and decided not to let
Shiva carrying the corpse of Dakshayani
Lord Shiva and Sati get married. However, Sati got
attracted to Shiva and finally one day Shiva and Sati got
married. This marriage only increased Daksha's hatred towards Lord Shiva.

Daksha performed a yajna with a desire to take revenge on Lord Shiva. Daksha invited all the deities to the yajna
except Lord Shiva and Sati. The fact that she was not invited did not deter Sati from attending the yajna. She
expressed her desire to attend the yajna to Shiva, who tried his best to dissuade her from going. Shiva eventually
Shakti Peethas 2

relented and Sati went to the yajna. Sati, being an uninvited guest, was not given any respect at the yajna.
Furthermore, Daksha insulted Shiva. Sati was unable to bear her father's insults toward her husband, so she
immolated herself.
Enraged at the insult and the injury, Shiva in Virabhadra avatar destroyed Daksha's yajna, cut off Daksha's head, and
later replaced it with that of a male goat as he restored him to life. Still immersed in grief, Shiva picked up the
remains of Sati's body, and performed the Tandava, the celestial dance of destruction, across all creation. The other
Gods requested Vishnu to intervene to stop this destruction, towards which Vishnu used the Sudarshana Chakra,
which cut through the Sati's corpse. The various parts of the body fell at several spots all through the Indian
subcontinent and formed sites which are known as Shakti Peethas today.[3]
At all the Shakti Peethas, the Goddess Shakti is accompanied by her consort, Lord Bhairava (a manifestation of Lord
Shiva). Shakti is an aspect of the Supreme Being Adi parashakti, the mother of the trimurti, the holy trinity in Hindu
mythology.

Sati's Self Immolation

The mythology of Daksha yaga and Sati's self immolation had immense significance in shaping the ancient Sanskrit
literature and even had impact on the culture of India. It led to the development of the concept of Shakti Peethas and
there by strengthening Shaktism. Enormous mythological stories in puranas took the Daksha yaga as the reason for
its origin. It is an important incident in Shaivism resulting in the emergence of Shree Parvati in the place of Sati Devi
and making Shiva a grihastashrami (house holder) leading to the origin of Ganapathy and Subrahmanya.
Shakti Peethas are shrines or divine places of the Mother Goddess. These are places that are believes to have
enshrined with the presence of Shakti due to the falling of body parts of the corpse of Sati Devi, when Lord Shiva
carried it and wandered throughout Aryavartha in sorrow. There are 51 Shakti Peeth linking to the 51 alphabets in
Sanskrit. Each temple has shrines for Shakti and Kalabhairava, and mostly Shakti and Kalabharava in different
Shakti Peeth have different names.

Four Adi Shakti Pithas

Some of the great religious texts like the Shiva Purana, the Devi Bhagavata, the Kalika Purana and the AstaShakti
recognize four major Shakti Peethas (centers), like Bimala (Pada Khanda) (inside the Jagannath temple of Puri,
Odisha), Tara Tarini (Sthana Khanda, Purnagiri, Breasts) (Near Berhampur, Odisha), Kamakhya Temple (Yoni
khanda) (Near Guwahati, Assam) and Dakhina Kalika (Mukha khanda) (Kolkata, West Bengal) originated from the
limbs of the Corpse of Mata Sati in the Satya Yuga. The Astashakti and Kalika Purana says (in Sanskrit):
"Bimala Pada khandancha, Sthana khandancha Tarini (Tara Tarini), Kamakshya Yoni khandancha, Mukha
khandancha Kalika (Dakshina Kalika) Anga pratyanga sanghena Vishnu Chakra Kshyta nacha"
Further explaining the importance of these four Pithas, the "Brihat Samhita" also gives the location of these Pithas as
(In Sanskrit) "Rushikulya* Tatae Devi, Tarakashya Mahagiri, Tashya Srunga Stitha Tara Vasishta Rajitapara"
(Rushikulya is a holy river flowing on the foot hill of the Tara Tarini Hill Shrine).
Shakti Peethas 3

List of 4 Adi Shakti Pithas

In the listings below:
• "Shakti" refers to the Goddess worshipped at each location, all being manifestations of Dakshayani (Sati), Parvati
or Durga;
• "Body Part or Ornament" refers to the body part or piece of jewellery that fell to earth, at the location on which
the respective temple is built.

Sr. No. Place Body Part or Ornament

1 In Puri, Odisha (inside Jagannath Temple complex) Pada Bimala

2 BerhampurOdisha, Odisha Sthana (Breasts) Tara Tarini

3 Guwahati - Assam Yoni khanda Kamakshya

4 In Kalighat, Kolkata- West Bengal Mukha khanda Dakshina Kalika

Apart from these four there are 52 other famous Peethas recognised by religious texts. According to the Pithanirnaya
Tantra the 52 peethas are scattered all over India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan and Pakistan. The
Shivacharita besides listing 52 maha-peethas, speaks about 26 more upa-peethas. The Bengali almanac, Vishuddha
Siddhanta Panjika too describes the 52 peethas including the present modified addresses. A few of the several
accepted listings are given below.[4] One of the few in South India, Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh became the site for
a 2nd-century temple.[5]

The List of 51 Shakti Pithas

In the listings[6] below:
• "Shakti" refers to the Goddess worshipped at each location, all being manifestations of Dakshayani, Sati; later
known as Parvati or Durga;
• "Bhairava" refers to the corresponding consort, each a manifestation of Shiva;
• "Body Part or Ornament" refers to the body part or piece of jewellery that fell to earth, at the location on which
the respective temple is built.

Sr. Place State in Body Part or Shakti Bhairava

No. India/Country Ornament

1 Amarnath, from Srinagar through Pahalgam 94 km by Bus, Jammu and Throat Mahamaya Trisandhyeshwar
Chandanwari 16 km by walk Kashmir

2 Attahas village of Dakshindihi in the district of Bardhaman, West Bengal Lips Phullara Vishvesh
near the Katwa railway station

3 Bahula, on the banks of Ajay river at Ketugram, 8 km from West Bengal Left arm Goddess Bahula Bhiruk
Katwa, Burdwan

4 Bakreshwar, on the banks of Paaphara river, 24 km distance West Bengal Portion between Mahishmardini Vakranath
from Siuri Town, district Birbhum, 7 km from Dubrajpur Rly. the eyebrows
Station

5 Bhairavparvat, at Bhairav hills on the banks of Shipra river in Madhya Upper lips Avanti Lambkarna
the city of Ujjaini Pradesh

6 Bhabanipur union, at Karatoyatat, 28 km distance from Bangladesh Left anklet Arpana Vaman
interior Sherpur upazila, Ratnapore District (ornament)

7 Chhinnamastika Shaktipeeth at Chintpurni, in Una District of Himachal Feet Chhinnamastika Rudra Mahadev
Himachal Pradesh Pradesh

8 Gandaki, Pokhara about 125 km on the banks of Gandaki Nepal Temple Gandaki Chandi Chakrapani
river where Muktinath temple is situated
Shakti Peethas 4

9 Goddess Saptashrungi (Goddess with 18 arms), at Vani in Maharashtra Chin (2 parts) Bhramari Vikritaksh
Nasik

10 Hinglaj (Or Hingula), southern Baluchistan a few hours Pakistan Bramharandhra Kottari Bhimlochan
North-east of Gawadar and about 125 km towards North-west (Part of the head)
from Karachi

11 Jayanti at Nartiang village in the Jaintia Hills district. This Meghalaya Left thigh Jayanti Kramadishwar
Shakti Peetha is locally known as the Nartiang Durga
Temple.

12 Jessoreswari, situated at Ishwaripur, Shyamnagar, district Bangladesh Palms of hands Jashoreshwari Chanda
Satkhira. The temple complex was built by Maharaja and soles of the
Pratapaditya, whose capital was Ishwaripur. feet

13 Jwalaji, Kangra from Pathankot alight at Jwalamukhi Road Himachal Tongue Siddhida (Ambika) Unmatta Bhairav
Station from there 20 km Pradesh

14 Kalipeeth, (Kalighat, Kolkata) West Bengal Right Toes Kalika Nakuleshwar

15 Kalmadhav on the banks of Shon river in a cave over hills Madhya Left buttock Kali Asitang
near to Amarkantak Pradesh

16 Kamgiri, Kamakhya, in the Neelachal hills near Guwahati Assam Genitals Kamakhya Umanand

17 Kankalitala, on the banks of Kopai River 10 km north-east of West Bengal Bone Devgarbha Ruru
Bolpur station in Birbhum district, Devi locally known as
Kankaleshwari

18 Kanyashram of Balaambika - The Bhagavathy temple in Tamil Nadu Back Sarvani Nimish
Kanyakumari, the southernmost tip of mainland India, Tamil
Nadu (also thought to be situated in Yunnan province, China)

19 Karnat, Brajeshwari Devi, Kangra Himachal Both ears Jayadurga Abhiru

Pradesh

20 Kireet at Kireetkona village, 3 km from Lalbag Court Road West Bengal Crown Vimla Sanwart
station under district Murshidabad

21 Locally known as Anandamayee Temple. Ratnavali, on the West Bengal Right Shoulder Kumari Shiva
banks of Ratnakar river at Khanakul-Krishnanagar, district
Hooghly

22 Locally known as Bhramari Devi. In Jalpaiguri near a small West Bengal Left leg Bhraamari Ambar
village Boda on the bank of river Teesta or Tri-shrota
(combination of three flows) mentioned in Puranas

23 Manas, under Tibet at the foot of Mount Kailash in Lake Tibet Right hand Dakshayani Amar
Mansarovar, a piece of Stone

24 Manibandh, at Gayatri hills near Pushkar 11 km north-west of Rajasthan Two Bracelets Gayatri Sarvanand
Ajmer

25 Mithila, near Janakpur railway station on the border of India Nepal Left shoulder Uma Mahodar
and Nepal

26 Nainativu (Manipallavam), Northern Province, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Silambu Indrakshi Rakshaseshwar
Located 36 km from the ancient capital of the Jaffna (Anklets) (Nagapooshani / (Nayanair)
kingdom, Nallur. The murti of the Goddess is believed to Bhuvaneswari)
have been consecrated and worshipped by Lord Indra. The
protagonist, Lord Rama and antagonist, Ravana of the
Sanskrit epic Ramayana have offered obeisances to the
Goddess. Nāga and Garuda of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata;
resolved their longstanding feuds after worshipping this
Goddess.

27 Nepal, near Pashupatinath Temple at Guhyeshwari Temple Nepal Both Knees Mahashira Kapali
Shakti Peethas 5

28 On Chandranath hill near Sitakunda station of Chittagong Bangladesh Right arm Bhawani Chandrashekhar
District, Bangladesh. The famous Chandranath Temple on the
top of the hill is the Bhairav temple of this Shakti Peetha, not
the Shakti Peeth itself.

29 Panchsagar exact location not known (thought to be near Uttarakhand Lower teeth Varahi Maharudra
Haridwar)

30 Prabhas, 4 km from Veraval station near Somnath temple in Gujarat Stomach Chandrabhaga Vakratund
Junagadh district

31 Prayag near Sangam at Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Finger Lalita Bhava

32 Present day Kurukshetra town or Thanesar ancient Haryana Ankle bone Savitri/BhadraKali Sthanu
Sthaneshwar

33 Ramgiri, at Chitrakuta on the Jhansi Manikpur railway line Uttar Pradesh Right breast Shivani Chanda

34 Sainthia, locally Known as Nandikeshwari temple. Only West Bengal Necklace Nandini Nandikeshwar
1.5 km from the railway station under a banyan tree within a
boundary wall, Birbhum district

35 Sarvashail or Godavaritir, at Kotilingeswar temple on the Andhra Pradesh Cheeks Rakini or Vatsnabh or
banks of Godavari river near Rajamundry Vishweshwari Dandpani

36 Shivaharkaray, a little distance from Sukkur Station from Pakistan Eyes Mahishmardini Krodhish
Karachi

37 Shondesh, at the source point of Narmada River in Madhya Right buttock Narmada Bhadrasen
Amarkantak Pradesh

38 Shri Parvat, near Ladak, Jammu and Kashmir. Another belief: Andhra Pradesh Right anklet Shrisundari Sundaranand
at Srisailam in Shriparvat hills under Kurnool district (ornament)

39 Shri Shail, at Joinpur village, Dakshin Surma, near Gotatikar, Bangladesh Neck Mahalaxmi Sambaranand
3 km north-east of Sylhet town

40 Shuchi, in a Shiva temple at Suchindrum 11 km on Tamil Nadu Upper teeth Narayani Sanhar
Kanyakumari Trivandrum road

41 Sugandha, situated in Shikarpur, Gournadi, about 20 km from Bangladesh Nose Sugandha Trayambak
Barisal town, Bangladesh, on the banks of Sonda river.

42 Udaipur, Tripura, at the top of the hills known as Tripura Tripura Right leg Tripura Sundari Tripuresh
Sundari temple near Radhakishorepur village, a little distance
away from Udaipur town

43 Ujaani, 16 km from Guskara station under Burdwan district West Bengal Right wrist Mangal Chandika Kapilambar

44 Varanasi at Manikarnika Ghat on banks of the Ganges at Uttar Pradesh Earring Vishalakshi & Kalbhairav
Kashi Manikarni

45 Vibhash, at Tamluk under district Purba Medinipur West Bengal Left ankle Kapalini Sarvanand
(Bhimarupa)

46 Virat, near Bharatpur Rajasthan Left toes Ambika Amriteshwar

47 Vrindavan, near new bus stand on Bhuteshwar road within Uttar Pradesh Ringlets of hair Uma Bhutesh
Bhuteshwar Mahadev Temple, Katyayanipeeth. Vrindavan

48 Jalandhar, from Jalandhar Cantonment Station to Devi Talab. Punjab Left Breast Tripurmalini Bhutesh

49 Baidyanath Dham Jharkhand Heart Jaya Durga Baidyanath

50 Birajong in Paro Paro, Bhutan Bamonbonsham Paropit

51 Burdong, Khirgram under Kalimatobonsha, Sikkim-Tibet Great Toe Jugaadya Ksheer Khandak
border,
Shakti Peethas 6

Historical notes
First relating to Brahmanda Purana, one of the major eighteen Puranas, it mentions 64 Shakthi Peetha of Goddess
Parvati in the Bharat or Greater India including present day India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Another text which gives a listing of these shrines, is the Shakthi Peetha Stotram, written by Adi Shankara, the
9th-century Hindu philosopher.[7]
According to the manuscript Mahapithapurana (c. 1690 – 1720 CE), there are 52 such places. Among them, 23
are located in the Bengal region, 14 of these are located in what is now West Bengal, India, 1 in Baster
(Chhattisgarh), while 7 are in what is now Bangladesh.
Rishi Markandeya composed the 'Devi Saptashati' or the seven hundred hymns extolling the virtues of the Divine
Goddess at the shaktipeetha in Nashik. The idol is also leaning a little to the left to listen to the sages composition.
The Saptashati or the "Durga Stuti" forms an integral part in the vedic form of Shakti worship.
Preserving the mortal relics of famous and respected individuals was a common practice in ancient India - seen in the
Buddhist stupas which preserve the relics of Gautama Buddha. It is believed by some[citation needed] that these 64
peethas preserve the remains of some ancient female sage from whom the legend of Kali could have emerged and
then merged with the Purusha - Prakriti (Shiva Shakti) model of Hindu thought.

18 Maha Shakti Pithas

The modern cities or towns that correspond to these 64 locations can be a matter of dispute, but there are a few that
are totally unambiguous, these are mentioned in the Ashta Dasa Shakthi Peetha Stotram by Adi Shankara.[8] This list
contains 18 such locations which are often referred to as Maha Shakthi Peeths.[9]

Sr. No. Place Part of the body fallen Name of Shakti

1 Trincomalee (Sri Lanka) Groin Shankari devi

2 Kanchi (Tamil Nadu) Back part Kamakshi Devi

3 Pandua (West Bengal) Stomach Srigala Devi

4 Mysore (Karnataka) Hair Chamundeshwari devi

5 Alampur (Andhra Pradesh) Upper teeth Jogulamba devi (Yogamba devi)

6 Shrishailam, (Andhra Pradesh) Neck part Bhramaramba devi

7 Kolhapur (Maharastra) Eyes Mahalakshmi devi

8 Mahur (Nanded District, Maharastra) Head Ekaveerika Devi

9 Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) Upper lip Mahakali devi

10 Pithapuram (Andhra Pradesh) Left hand Puruhutika devi

11 Jajpur (Odisha) Navel Biraja Devi

12 Draksharamam (Andhra Pradesh) Left cheek Manikyamba devi

13 Guwahati (Assam) Vulva Kamarupa devi

14 Prayaga (Uttar Pradesh) Fingers Madhaveswari devi

15 Kangra, Jwalamukhi (Himachal Pradesh) Tongue Vaishnavi devi

16 Gaya (Bihar) Breast part Sarvamangala devi

17 Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) Wrist Vishalakshi devi

18 Sharada Peeth (Kashmir) * Right hand Saraswathi devi

[*]Sharada Peeth:This temple is currently non-existent*. Only ruins are found in these places. Its ruins are near the
Line of Control (LOC) between the Indian and Pakistani-controlled portions of the former princely state of Kashmir
Shakti Peethas 7

and Jammu. Instead, Sringeri Sharada Peetham, Sringeri in Karnataka even though not a Shakti Peetha is this aspect
of the goddess, Requests are been made by the Hindu community in Pakistan to the Pakistani government to
renovate the temple, the issue was raised by former Indian Home minister L. K. Advani to the Pakistan authorities as
a confidence building measure, by increasing the people to people interaction cross border.
Among these, the Shakti Peethas at Kamakhya, Gaya and Ujjain are regarded as most sacred as they symbolise three
most important aspects of mother Goddess viz. Creation (Kamarupa Devi), Nourishment (Sarvamangala
Devi/Mangalagauri) and Annihilation (Mahakali Devi).
When observed carefully one can see that they lie in a perfect straight line from Kamakhya to Ujjain via Gaya
symbolizing that every creation in this universe will annihilate one day without fail.

Ashta Dasa Shakthi Peetha Stotram

Lankayam Shankari devi, Kamakshi Kanchika pure Pradyumne Shrinkhala devi, Chamunda Krouncha pattane
Alampure jogulamba, Sri Shaile Bhramarambika Kolha Pure Maha Lakshmi, Mahurye Ekaveerika
Ujjainyam Maha kali. Preethikayam Puruhutika Odhyane Girija devi, Manikya Daksha vatike
Hari Kshetre kama rupi, Prayage Madhaveshwari Jwalayam Vishnavi Devi, Gaya Mangalya gourika
Varanasyam Vishalakshi, Kashmire tu Saraswati Ashtadasha shakti Peethani, Yoginamapi durlabham
Sayamkale pathennityam Sarva Shatru vinashanam Sarva roga haram divyam, Sarva sampatkaram shubham

Translation of the stotra

Goddess Shankari in Sri Lanka, Kamakshi in Kanchipuram Goddess Shrinkhala in Pradymna and Chamunda in
Mysore
Goddess Jogulamba in Alampur, Goddess Brhamarambika in Sri Shailam Goddess Maha lakshmi in Kolhapur and
Goddess Eka Veera in Mahur
Goddess Maha Kali in Ujjain, Purhuthika in Peethika Goddess Girija in Odhyana and Manikya in the house of
Daksha
Goddess kama rupi in the temple of Vishnu, Madhaveshwari in Allahabad Goddess giving flame in Jwala Mukhi and
Mangala Gowri in Gaya
Goddess Vishalakshi in Varanasi, Saraswati in Kashmir These are the 18 houses of Shakti, which are rare even to the
Devas
When Chanted every evening, all the enemies would get destroyed all the diseases would vanish, and prosperity
would be showered.

Notes
[1] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:Hinduism& action=edit
[2] Article (http:/ / www. banglapedia. org/ httpdocs/ HT/ S_0033. HTM), from Banglapedia.
[3] http:/ / www. sacred-texts. com/ tantra/ maha/ maha00. htm
[4] 52 Pithas of Parvati (http:/ / www. hindunet. org/ saraswati/ resources/ pithas. htm) - From Hindunet
[5] Shakti Pitha sites in India (http:/ / www. sacredsites. com/ asia/ india/ srisailam_shakti_pitha. html)
[6] http:/ / zeenews. india. com/ navratra2012/ Shaktipeeth. html
[7] Shakthi Peetha Stotram (http:/ / www. celextel. org/ adisankara/ shaktipeethastotram. html) Vedanta Spiritual Library
[8] Ashta Dasa Shakthi Peetha Stotram (http:/ / www. hindupedia. com/ en/ Ashta_Dasa_Shakthi_Peetha_Stotram) From Hindupedia
[9] html ASTADASA MAHA SAKTHI-PEETHAS (http:/ / srisailam. co. in/ shaktipeethas. ) From srisailam.co.in

Heart Ambaji Gujarat Devi Patan Locate at Tulsipur Disctt. Balrampur Uttar Pradesh not in Patana Bhihar
Shakti Peethas 8

References
• Phyllis K. Herman, California State University, Northridge (USA), " Siting the Power of the Goddess: Sita Rasoi
Shrines in Modern India (http://www.ramayanainstitute.org/archives/NIU_2001_Conference___Fair/Papers/
papers.html)", International Ramayana Conference Held at Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL USA,
September 21–23, 2001.
• Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions (ISBN 81-208-0379-5) by
David Kinsley
• com/navratra/Shaktipeeth.html 51 Nav Durga Shaktipeeths- Legend and listing (http://www.zeenews.) Zee
News
• (http://educationguru4u.com/chandi_asthan.aspx)

External links
• Shaktipeeth - Website on Shakti peethas (http://www.shaktipeethas.org)
• 52 shakti peethas map (http://www.shaktipeethas.org/51-shakti-peethas-map-t11.html)
• 51 Shakti Peethas of Ma Durga (http://www.yatra2yatra.com/hinduism/shaktipeeth)
• 18 shakti peethas map (http://www.shaktipeethas.org/18-shakti-peethas-map-t12.html)
• Sri Swamiji visits Sri Lanka for Shankari Temple Darshan (http://www.dattapeetham.com/india/tours/2005/
srilanka/srilanka.html)
• Comprehensive guide on 51 Shakti Peethas (http://www.vedarahasya.net/shakti.htm)
• Daksha Yagna - The story of Daksha's sacrifice and the origin of the Shakti Pithas (http://www.indiantemples.
com/beliefs/daksha.htm)
• Gayatri Shaktipeeth, Vatika: An Introduction (http://www.vatikashaktipeeth.com/home.html)
Article Sources and Contributors 9

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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Om.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Om.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: AnonMoos, BRUTE, Bdk, Davin7, Dbachmann, Editor at Large, Exact,
Gregory Orme, Herbythyme, Jafeluv, JurgenNL, Marshie, Michaeldsuarez, Mystical Sadhu, Nilfanion, Nishkid64, Rugby471, Sahaguru, Tangopaso, The Evil IP address, Toyboy84, Túrelio,
Wutsje, Xhienne, 67 anonymous edits
File:Aum red.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Aum_red.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: DoSiDo
File:Dakshayani.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dakshayani.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Abhishekjoshi, Ekabhishek, Fryed-peach, Hekerui, Ilyaroz,
JMCC1, Redtigerxyz, Roland zh, Sailko, Shakko

License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
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