Work at Height Procedure: Document Ref No
Work at Height Procedure: Document Ref No
Work at Height Procedure: Document Ref No
Rev
Reason for Revision Prepared By Reviewed By Approval by
No.
Standardization of
Rev 01 Anil Jain
Navendra Singh Vijay Chourey
Procedure ( Head – Operation –
(Group Head – P & (Chief – Corp Safety)
Trombay) CB; Corp Safety.)
Contents
2. SCOPE: This procedure applies to all operating and project sites of Tata Power
Group companies involving in Work at Height Jobs.
3. EXPECTED RESULTS:
3.1. Manage Work at Height jobs being done under Permit-To-Work safely.
3.2. Control of incidents related to Work at Height Jobs.
3.3. Compliance to Regulatory requirements to make work place safety
5. GLOSSARY/ DEFINITIONS:
Anchor Point - A secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards, or retractable
lifelines. Structural steel or process piping of 2” (5 cm) diameter or greater may be
used as an anchor point. Sprinkler piping, instrument tubing, or conduit shall not be
used as an anchor point.
Attendant—a person at the perimeter of the work area who is assigned the role of
monitoring and communicating with the authorized workers, controlling access to the
area, maintaining designated conditions as specified on the permit, and initiating the
rescue plan.
Certification - A verification process, which documents that a person has the
necessary training, skill, or experience and the ability to perform designated roles
and tasks.
Continuous Tie-Off - The requirement that a person be tied off at all times when
working in an elevated areas where the potential for falls exists. This is most
commonly accomplished by using double lanyards, a vertical lifeline, or a retractable
lifeline.
Double Lanyard - A system utilizing two lanyards connected in a "Y" configuration,
which allows one lanyard to be attached to an anchor point while the second lanyard
is being moved to a new anchor point, thus providing protection from falls at all
times.
Double Action Locking Snap Hook - A device for securing lanyards that requires
two separate locking pins be depressed before the snap will open.
Full Body Harness - A Class 3 body harness, heavy duty, with leg straps.
Severity: The level of consequence / harm of an event that could occur due to
exposure to the hazard present
Shall: Mandatory requirement
Should: Optional requirement
Shock Absorber – A device used in combination with lanyards that is designed to
reduce the force when fall is broken.
Task / Activity: A sequence of steps taken to conduct a job. A task is a sub element
of a Job.
Working at Heights — Any work at height of 1.8 meter or more from the ground
level or floor. Elevated working positions where the hazard of a fall exists and where
there is no physical protection such as handrails. Types of work covered include
working from all types of ladders, scaffolds, mechanical lifts, working on
transmission towers and conductors, inside confined spaces, sloped roofs, areas
where there are no overhead tie-off points, when working within 6 feet (1.8mt) of the
edge of a flat roof, erecting steel or installing/replacing roofing and in pipe racks.
This does not include normal work on low stepladders, loading platforms, or similar
locations.
Work supervisor—a person who is authorized to verify that all conditions for
working at heights have been met, to define ongoing precautions to maintain safe
working conditions during the work, to authorize the work to occur, and to cancel the
permit allowing the work; also known as proprietor, work group supervisor, or
authorizing person.
6. PROCEDURES
6.1. General Requirements:
6.1.1. Proper scaffolds and/or temporary work platforms shall be provided for working
at height at elevations 1.8 meters or more where no permanent work platform is
available to work safely. The elevated work platforms shall have guardrails and
provided with ladders for access/egress.
6.1.2. Where it is not feasible to erect scaffolds, suitable hydraulically elevated work
platforms or portable platform with wheel locks / chokes and guardrails shall be
used.
6.1.3. Ladders shall not be used as work platforms.
6.1.4. Employees or contractors working on unguarded surfaces, steep slopes and
similar locations; temporary platform, during scaffold construction; or when
otherwise exposed to the possibility of falls hazardous to life or limb, shall be
secured by full body harness with double lanyard.
6.1.5. Full body harness with double lanyard shall be worn when work requires
persons closer than 1.8 meters from roof edge without parapets, or floor
opening.
6.1.6. Full body harness with double lanyard shall be used by persons where work
requires persons to move or walk from one place to another for changing work
locations at height and where it is not feasible to provide guarded platforms and
scaffolds (e.g., pipe racks) so as to ensure one lifeline is always tied with a
fixed support.
6.1.7. Persons shall always keep one lanyard anchored/tied with the fixed support
while walking/moving on unguarded surface/edges or structures.
6.1.8. Where ever appropriate fixed support is not available to anchor lanyard of full
body harness, lifelines certified by qualified inspector shall be used to anchor
lanyard.
6.1.9. The intended load shall not exceed the maximum working load of portable work
platforms.
6.1.10. Full body harness, lanyard and snap hook, which conform IS standard, (IS
3521: 1999) shall be used. Safety belts are prohibited.
6.1.11. Lanyard shall be attached to the D-ring on the back of the Full body harness
between the shoulder straps.
6.1.12. Snap hooks shall be of double locking type.
6.1.13. Fall arresting devices may be used depending on the requirement of situation,
i.e. Chimney painting, wall painting, working on the transmission towers, etc.
6.1.14. Anchor points for fall arresting systems must be capable of withstanding a 2300
kgf l per person attached.
6.1.15. Personal Fall Arrest System components shall be visually inspected before
each use.
6.1.16. Proper area barricading to prevent people walking across below the working
area shall be done before commencing any work at height. If such barricading
is not possible, safety net shall be provided and “Work in Progress” boards
shall be displayed.
6.1.17. A process shall be in place to ensures employees are medically fit to perform
their duties and that their health is not adversely affected by occupational
hazards
6.1.18. No working at height shall be carried out without supervision.
6.1.19. Job Safety Analysis (JSA) shall be conducted for Working at Height which
includes access & egress from one anchorage point to another anchorage
point.
6.1.20. Tata Power Permit-To-Work Procedure shall be followed for all Work at Height.
6.1.21. Working at Height after daylight hours shall be authorized by HOD / Project
Head with appropriate control in place.
6.1.22. When performing man lift operations, all personnel in the personnel basket
(platform) shall wear a full body double harness (class 3) with the lanyard
attached to the man lift or permanent structure. Do not anchor a lanyard with
personnel platforms (work baskets)
6.1.23. Temporary platforms and scaffolds should be provided with solid grating (free
of openings) and standard guardrails with toe boards attached. Employees
working from such completed temporary platforms and scaffolds are not
required to wear fall arrest equipment as long as they stay inside the confines
of the guardrail system. Scaffolding shall be erected as per Tata Power
Scaffolding Procedure
6.1.24. In case of hazard of Honeybees, help from pest control, water spray, steam jet
and PVC apron with hood shall be used. Hazard of bird hit and monkey attack
is to be considered at high rise tower and prone areas Suitable
net/arrangement shall be provided to avoid fall of coconut.
6.1.25. Installation of a Guardrail System around the work area is required for fall
protection. Guardrail Systems shall meet the following minimum requirements:
6.1.25.1. Top rail (handrail) shall be 1200 mm from the working surface. Top rails
must be capable of withstanding an expected force which may arise while
working.
6.1.25.2. Mid rails shall be located midway 600 mm between the top rail and the
working surface. The mid rail must be capable of withstanding a force of
70kg.
6.1.25.3. Toe boards should be provided to prevent persons falling off the working
surface. Toe boards must be a minimum of 150 mm / 6 inches in vertical
height and capable of withstanding 23.00 kg / 50 lbs. of outward force.
6.1.25.4. Screens or panelling from the toe board to the mid or top rail should be
required when equipment or material is piled higher than the toe board and
is capable of being ejected from the working surface to the level below.
6.1.26. Where gates or openings are required in the guardrail system to facilitate
material movement, personal fall arrest or restraint systems shall be used.
6.1.27. All platform / walkway above 1.8 M from floor shall be provided with guardrail
system.
6.1.28. Every floor opening into which any person can fall shall be guarded by a
standard guardrail system or by a metallic grating duly fixed in position.
6.1.29. Any floor opening, for temporary maintenance work, shall be fixed with proper
size cover having sufficient strength.
6.1.30. Fall arrest systems mitigate the consequences of a fall. The system consists of
a proven anchor point, connectors, full body harness, and lanyard and
deceleration device. The entire system shall be capable of withstanding impact
forces involved in stopping or arresting the fall. Consideration must be given to
what is below the area of work and what the person may strike during the fall.
6.1.31. Fall Protection system is full body harness with double line lanyard of 1.8
meters length out of which, one has to go to the fixed anchorage and another
one for movement. Shock absorbers are preferred to ascertain adequacy of
harness in case of sudden fall. Safety nets shall be provided for protecting from
human fall and material fall. Hand tools used while working at height should be
securely tied to avoid free fall in case of accidental slippage.
6.1.32. Personal Fall Arrest System components shall be visually inspected before
each use.
6.1.33. Whenever it is required to carry out work at height where scaffolding cannot be
provided, use of safety net is must.
6.1.34. All safety net systems shall meet the requirements of Indian Standard (IS:
5175).
6.1.35. Safety net mesh openings shall have a maximum size of 6 inches x 6 inches
and be secured at each crossing to prevent elongation of the opening. All nets
must meet IS: 5175 standard.
6.1.36. Safety nets shall be installed as close as possible to the working level but in no
case more than 25 feet below the working level.
6.1.37. The safety nets shall extend out at least 8 ft. from the side of the open edge.
6.1.38. Material, equipment and other items that fall into the net shall be promptly
removed.
6.1.39. Safety nets are shall be inspected before use and then daily for wear or
damage caused by falling materials.
6.1.40. Safety net installation shall be inspected by the concerned maintenance /
construction supervisor.
6.1.41. Lifelines, if used, shallt be of sufficient strength to withstand the large forces
involved in falls. Lifelines shall be installed or modified only by Qualified
Installers.
6.1.42. When more than one person will be utilizing a lifeline simultaneously, the load
allowance of the lifeline shall be increased so as to provide the same level of
support as it did while one person was using it. This use has to be approved by
qualified person. Requirement for capacity lifeline shall be 2300 kgf per person.
6.1.43. Warning lines should be constructed with rope, chain or wire and installed 30
inches above the working surface. The supporting stanchions (post, pillar,
upright support etc.) must be capable of withstanding 7.3 kg of force applied
horizontally.
6.1.44. The warning line should be flagged every 1.8 meters with highly visible
material.
6.1.45. The warning line should be at a distance of a minimum of 1.8 meters from the
roof’s edge or fall hazard. Personnel working in the 1.8 meters area between
the warning line and the edge shall use a personal fall protection system.
6.1.46. If working from a step ladder, with your feet less than 1.8 meters above the
floor, use of fall protection equipment is not required, unless working
backwards, then fall protection is required.
6.1.47. If working on a stepladder with your feet 1.8 meters or higher above the floor,
fall protection equipment shall be used. If no tie-off point is available, the ladder
shall be held by a second person to provide added stability.
6.1.48. Retractable fall arrester shall be used for climbing as well as coming down the
ladder where ever it is required. First the retractable fall arrestor shall be fitted
and attached while climbing.
6.1.49. Electrical hazard: Portable metal ladders, and wood ladders with metal
reinforcements shall not be used for any electrical work or work in substations,
switch yards, power plants, or in any area where contact can be made with
energized circuits.
6.1.50. Maintenance: Provision shall be made for routine inspection and maintenance
of all ladders. Broken or damaged ladders shall be promptly repaired or
removed and destroyed. Ladders not found in good working condition shall be
promptly removed from service until repaired and restored.
6.1.51. Securing ladders: All ladders shall be placed on firm ground, secured at top and
intermediate positions to maintain them rigidly in place and to support the loads
imposed upon them.
6.1.52. Restrictions: Ladders will not be used as work platforms or scaffolding or as
structured members of scaffolds or walkways. Ladders shall not be used in
horizontal position.
6.2.11. Face the ladder when working from it. When it is not possible to work facing a
ladder or when performing some task requiring both hands, fall protection should
be worn and properly anchored.
6.2.12. Ladder shall be placed in such a way that it bottom should be away from wall
equal to ¼ th of the working height. (At least 75 deg. to the floor).
6.2.13. Ladder shall extend 3 feet to 4 feet above the point of Landing and topmost 3
rungs shall not be used.
6.4. Scaffolds:
6.4.1. Fall protection is required whenever working from scaffolds 6 ft (1.8 meters) or
higher above the ground or floor level that have incomplete standard handrails
(42" high) or standard mid-rails (21" high) or is not completely decked.
6.4.2. Fall protection is required whenever working outside the plane of the handrails or
if working against the handrails with awkward body position. Personnel shall not
climb on, or work from, any scaffold handrail, mid-rail, or bracing member and
shall use ladders to get into the scaffold.
6.4.3. On scaffolds of 12 feet (3.6Mt) or higher, fall protection shall be considered for
those climbing the scaffold ladder (based on number of people on scaffold,
number of climbs per day, etc). Consideration should be given to the amount of
risk associated with installing the equipment versus the risk involved in climbing
the ladder without fall protection
6.4.4. Fall protection may be required when climbing scaffolds of less than 12 feet if
there is an unusual hazard, such as a scaffold next to the edge of an elevated
work area.
6.4.5. Fall protection shall be used while building scaffolds. Where practical, a
retractable lifeline should be used to protect those building scaffolds but is not
permitted to be attached to the scaffolding due to the side force thrust hazard.
Double lanyards should be used in this case so that the person may maintain
continuous tie-off.
6.4.6. If tying off to scaffolds, the stability of the scaffold must be considered. If the
scaffold does not have stability for anchorage, it should be tied off to a
permanent structure or fitted with outriggers to increase stability.
6.4.7. Persons shall not be allowed to work on scaffolds during storms or high winds.
7. RECORDS :
7.1. Safety Harness And Lanyard Inspection Check List
(TPSMS/CSP/WAH/004/FORM/001)- Retention period three years
7.2. Ladder Inspection checklist (TPSMS/CSP/WAH/004/FORM/002) – Retention
period three years
9. VERIFICATION
9.1. Verification of implementation shall be done during Work at Height audit, field
safety visit and site inspections.
10. EXCEPTIONS: Any Exception to this procedure shall only be done as per Document
Control .Procedure (TPSMS/GSP/DC/014).
11. REVIEW: Review of this procedure shall be done as and when but not later than
once in every three (03) years. Typical Factors like Changes in legislation, Review
of Incident Reports, Inspection & Audit findings, Feedback from users,
Recommendations in Incident investigation reports may be inputs for the review and
revision of the procedure.
12. REFERENCES
Tata Power Permit-To-Work (PTW) procedure
IS: 3521 –1999- Industrial Safety Belts and Harnesses
IS: 3696 (Part II) –1987 Safety Codes for Scaffold and Ladders
IS: 5175 - Safety Net Systems.
13. ATTACHMENTS/APPENDIX :
13.1. Annexure - 1 : Sample format for full body Harness and Lanyard Inspection
Check List (TPSMS/CSP/WAH/004/FORM/001)
13.2. Annexure- 2 : Sample Format Ladder Inspection Check List
(TPSMS/CSP/WAH/004/FORM/002)
Annexure- 1
TPSMS/CSP/WAH/004/FORM/001
Page 1 of 2
Annexure- 1
TPSMS/CSP/WAH/004/FORM/001
Page 2 of 2
Annexure- 2
TPSMS/CSP/WAH/004/FORM/002
Inspection Checklist for Ladder
Sr. Remarks
No. Checks
1 Rail/strings Damaged (cracks, deformation
etc.)
2
Rung broken
3
Rung missing
4
Rungs clean
5
Rung distance uneven
6
Bottom non-skid pad damaged/missing
7
Top hook damaged/missing
8
Rungs loose
9
Non-slip bases
10
Any other, (specify).
Inspected By:
Reviewed By: