SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C

MODULE-15C

Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule,
single and multi-step methods for differential equations.
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1. Find the magnitude of the error (correct to two decimal places) in

the estimation of following integral using Simpson’s Rule. Take
the step length as 1.

∫ ( )

(A) 0.53 (B) 0.68 (C) 0.24 (D) 0.12

Ans:
Exact solution:

∫ ( ) * +

=244.8
Simpson’s Rule:
x:0 1 2 3 4
y : 10 11 26 91 266

= [ ( ) ( )]

= 245.33

Error=244.8-245.33=0.53

2. The estimate of ∫ obtained using Simpson’s rule with three-

point function evaluation exceeds the exact value by

(A) 0.235 (B) 0.068 (C) 0.024 (D) 0.012

Ans:
Exact solution:

∫ [ ]

=log 1.5 – log 0.5 = 1.0986

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Simpson’s Rule:
x: 0.5 1 1.5
y: 2 1 0.6666

[ ( )]=1.1111
Error =1.0986-1.1111=0.012

3. The square root of a number N is to be obtained by applying the

Newton-Raphson iterations to the equation .If i
denotes the iteration index, the correct iterative scheme will be

(A) ( )

(B) ( )

(C) ( )

(D) ( )
Ans:
( )
( )
( )
( )

= ( )

4. The table below gives values of a function F(x) obtained for values
of x at intervals of 0.25.The value of the integral of the function
between the limils0to 1 using Simpson' s rule is

(A) 0.7854 (B) 2.3562 (C) 3.1416 (D) 7.5000

Ans:
[ ( ) ( )]=0.785

5. The following equation needs to be numerically solved using the

Newton-Raphson method. The iterative equation
for this purpose is (k indicates the iteration level)

(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

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Ans:
( )
( )
( )
( )

6. The differential equation is to be solved using the

backward (implicit) Euler's method with the boundary condition y
= 1 at x = 0 and with a step size of 1. What would be the value of y
at x = 1?

(a) 1.33 (b) 1.67

(c) 2.00 (d) 2.33

Ans:

at is 0.25

Solving this equation we get

7. A numerical solution of the equation ( ) √ can be

obtained using Newton- Raphson method. If the starting value is x
= 2 for the iteration, the value of x that is to be used in the next step
is
a) 0.306 b) 0.739 c) 1.694 d) 12.306

Ans:
( ) √
( )
√

( )
( )
( )
( )

1.694

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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C

8. The integral ∫ ,when evaluated by using Simpson is rule on

two equal sub intervals each of length 1, equals

a) 1.0 b) 1.098 c) 1.111 d) 1.12

Ans:
Exact solution:

∫ ]

= log 3 – log 1 = 1.098

Simpson’s Rule:
x:1 2 3
y:1 0.5 0.3333
[ ( )]=1.111

9. The value of ∫ ( ) computed using Simpson’s rule with a step

size of h = 0.25 is

a) 0.69430 b) 0.69385 c) 0.69325 d) 0.69415

Ans: Exact solution:

∫ ]

=log 2 – log 1 = 0.693

Simpson’s Rule:
x : 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2
y : 1 0.8 1.66667 0.57143 0.5
[ ( ) ( )]

= 0.69325

10. The recursion relation to solve using Newton Raphson

method is

a)

b)

c) ( )

( )
d)

Ans:
( )

( )

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( )
( )

( )

( )
11. Consider differential equation ( ) with the initial
condition y(0) = 0. Using Euler’s first order method with a step size
of 0.1, the value of y (0.3) is

a) 0.01
b) 0.031
c) 0.0631
d) 0.1
Ans:

12. The equation is to be solved using the

Newton-Raphson method. If x = 2 is taken as the initial
approximation of the solution, then the next approximation using
this method will be:

a) 2/3
b) 4/3
c) 1
d) 3/2

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Ans:
( )

( )
( )

13. A calculator has accuracy up to 8 digits after decimal place. The

value of ∫ dx when evaluated using this to 5 significant
digits is

a) 0.00000
b) 1.0000
c) 0.00500
d) 0.00025

Ans:
Significant digits means number of digits starting from first
non zero digit. So 1.0000 is required answer.

14. The accuracy of Simpson’s rule quadrature for a step size h is

a) 0( )
b) 0( )
c) 0( )
d) 0( )
Ans:
Accuracy is o(N+1) for N=even
o (N) for N=odd
N=1 ,Trapezoidal rule accuracy is : ( )
N=2, Simpson’s 1/3 rule accuracy : ( )

15. The values of a function ( ) are tabulated below

X 0 1 2 3

( ) 1 2 1 10
Using Newton’s forward difference formula, the cubic polynomial
that can be fitted to the above data is

a) 2 + 7 – 6x + 2
b) + 6x – 2
c) -7 –6 +1
d) + 6x + 1

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Ans:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Newton’s Forward interpolation formula,

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( )

( ) ( )( )
= ( ) ( ) ( )
= + 6x + 1

16. Starting from =1 , one step of Newton – Raphson method in

solving the equation + 3x – 7=0 gives the next value( ) as
a) = 0.5
b) = 1.406
c) = 1.5
d) =2

Ans:
( )
( )

17. Match the items in column I and II

Column – I
(P) Grass-seidel method
(Q) Forward Newton - Gauss method
(R) Runge –kutta method
(S) Trapezoidal rule
Column – II
1. Interpolation
2. Non – linear D.E.
3. Numerical integration
4. Linear Algebraic equation
a) P – 1 Q – 4 R – 3 S – 2
b) P – 1 Q – 4 R – 2 S – 3
c) P – 1 Q – 3 R – 2 S – 4
d) P – 4 Q – 1 R – 2 S – 3

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Ans:
Grass-seidel method - Linear Algebraic equation
Forward Newton - Gauss method - Interpolation
Runge –kutta method - Non – linear D.E.
Trapezoidal rule- Numerical integration

18. When the Newton – Raphson method is applied to solve the

equation ( ) = , the solution at the end of the
first iteration with the initial grass values as = 1.2 is

a) – 0.82
b) 0.49
c) 0.705
d) 1.69
Ans:
( )=

( )

( )

( )

( )
( )

0.705

19. Selection of the variables , and for the following equations is

to be obtained by employing the Newton – Raphsoniteration
method .Equation (i) 10 sin - 0.8 = 0 equation (ii) 10 -
10 - 0.6 = 0. Assuming initial values = 0.0 and =
1.0, the jacobian matrix is

a) * +

b) * +

c) * +

d) * +

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Ans:

( ) 10 sin - 0.8 = 0

( ) 10 - 10 - 0.6 = 0

* +
[ ]

20. Let – 117 =0. The iteration steps for the solution using Newton
– Raphson method is given by.
a) = ( )

b) =

c) =

d) = ( )
Ans:
( )
( )

= ( )

21. Equation is required to be solved using Newton’s

method with as initial guess . then , after one step of
Newton’s method, estimate x, of the solution will be given by

a) 0.71828
b) 0.36784
c) 0.20587
d) 0.00000

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Ans:
( )
( )=

( )

( )

( )
( )

0.71828

22. A differential equation ( ) has to be sloved using

trapezoidal rule of integration with a step size h=0.01 sec. function
if ( ) , then value of x at t=0.01 sec will be given by

a) 0.00099
b) 0.00495
c) 0.0099
d) 0.0198

Ans:

( )

( ) ( )
( )

=0.0099

23. The extreme (min or max) point of a function f(x) is to be

( )
determined by solving =0 using the new tons Raphson
method. let f(x) = and be the initial guest of x. The
value of x after two iterations is

a) 0.0141
b) 1.4142
c) 1.4167
d) 1.5

Ans:
( )=

( ) =0
( )

( )

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( )

( )
( )

1.5

( )

( )

( )
( )

1.4167

24. The velocity v(in m/s) of moving mass, starting from rest, is given
as . Using Euler forward difference method (also
known as Cauchy-Euler’s method) with a step size of 0.1 sec, the
velocity at 0.2 sec evaluator to

a) 0.01 m/s
b) 0.1 m/s
c) 0.2 m/s
d) 1 m/s

Ans:

25. A degree polynomial, f(x), has values of 1,4, and 15 at x = 0,

and 2, respectively. The integral ∫ ( ) is to be estimated by
applying the trapezoidal rule to this data. What is the error (defined
as “true value – approximate value”) in the estimate?

a) -4/3 b) 2/3 c) 0 d) -2/3

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Ans:
( )

Solving, a = 4 and
b = -1
( )

True value
= ]
Approximate value
= [
( )]

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