Icaiea 2018

Third International Conference on Advances in Industrial Engineering Applications, ICAIEA 2018
January 3-5, 2018, Anna University, Chennai, India
Keynote speech on
Engineering Education in a Globalized World
Prof. Krishnaswami (Hari) Srihari

Executive Vice Provost for International Initiatives and Chief Global Affairs Officer
Dean and SUNY Distinguished Professor
Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science
Binghamton University – State University of New York, USA
In 333the next decade, graduates in STEM disciplines will need to work and thrive
in a world that is far more globalized than what we are used to today. An engineer,
who graduates with a bachelor’s degree in 2025, will be mid-career in 2050 (or
thereabouts). This engineer will need to work and succeed in a world that knows
no intellectual confines, wherein working across national boundaries is going to be
an absolute necessity.
Today, the design, manufacture and sales of engineering products often requires
effective global partnerships. This extends to the service industry also. Over the
past decade, the need for effective global partnerships has increased significantly.
The increased use of the internet combined with enhanced communications has
resulted in engineers working in a global marketplace. Consequently, our
graduates need to have the global and cultural competency to work with
colleagues around the world. It is under this framework and context that today’s
leading universities are working hard to initiate, develop and sustain robust
academic partnerships with other institutions across the globe. These academic
partnerships enhance our students’ educational experience while concurrently
initiating and cultivating research initiatives along with active idea exchange. In
addition, in today’s global world, international experiences enhance a student’s
employability, help to develop soft skills, enhance cultural understanding, and are
a testament to one’s adaptability.
At present, several effective models of international collaboration actively and

effectively incorporate students, staff and faculty. These models and their
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associated strategies address academia’s needs and impact a broad spectrum

ranging from freshmen through doctoral students, faculty, staff, and academic
(campus) leaders. Examples range include (but are not limited to) traditional study
abroad and exchange programs to international internships to combined
curriculum (undergraduate and graduate programs), collaborative research
endeavors, and joint (international) centers. In each case, substantial benefits
accrue to both the individual (engineer) and the participating academic
institutions.
The design and implementation of comprehensive international programs requires

substantial investment in the form of time and monetary resources. However, the
outcomes always include memorable experiences that bond and rally students and
alumni to the programs and services provided by their alma mater. The invaluable
impact on the academic experience of a student cannot be overstated. Besides,
international experience is becoming a necessity for successful faculty members
while active and effective international programs are today a hallmark of a
successful university.
Keywords: Engineering Education, Internationalization, Globalization,

International Academic Collaboration
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Keynote speech on
Airport Terminal Capacity Analysis based Discrete Event

passenger Flow Simulation Model: A Case Study of an Australian
International Airport
Prof. Prasad K D V Yarlagadda

Professor in Smart Systems, School of Chemistry,
Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty,
Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Airports play a substantial role in economic growth, connecting cities and nations.
According to the International Air Transport Association more than 3 billion
passengers used air travel as a transportation means worldwide in 2013, which is
increasing by 5-8% every year. Airports are complex systems, and they handle
two types of passenger flow systems, the first is departure passenger flow and the
second is arrival passenger flow. Each one of these systems has its own
procedures. The departure procedures include airport access facilities, check-in
security screening, immigration and custom and boarding. While the arrival
procedures include disembarking procedures, immigration, baggage claims,
custom and quarantine and leaving the airport. Airport terminals have many
problems that can impact passenger handling flows. Safety concerns in recent
times have caused many changes to security screening procedures and this impacts
passenger throughput times. After the incident of 11th September 2001, airport
security has become more critical. In addition, the modern airports have limited
infrastructure capacity, including the available number of resources such as
numbers of common check-in counters kept open and number of personnel
available and one need to optimise the passenger flow in airport terminals to
maximise resource utilisation or minimise passenger flow time by addressing
issues at various stages of bottlenecks.
Airports are the key and important infrastructure of the air transportation industry
and contain various systems and sub-systems with both varying and conflicting
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processes and stakeholders. These stakeholders could be government entities

(security and customs), private organisations (air carriers, airport owner) and
clients (travellers and cargo) but responsible overall passenger movement from
curb side to boarding the aircraft. A generic simulation framework was developed
to model passenger flows in international airport terminals. This keynote speech
focuses around the airport operational processes using Discrete-Event Simulation
(DES). This passenger flow simulation models are developed based on ExtendSim
simulator. The DES-PASSFLOW system is developed by incorporating various
stages of passenger flow operations in an international terminal by incorporating
critical entities at various stages such as departure and arrival of passengers,
check-in, security screening, Border protection protocols for both inbound and
outbound passengers (immigration and customs and boarding). This key note
covers various main inputs of the model including flight schedules, passenger
arrival behaviour, aircraft capacity and load factors. The model helped us to study
not only the passenger flow but also for overall airport capacity analysis by
identifying bottlenecks and delays in an international airport terminal.
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Keynote speech on
Role of Human Factors Engineering in
Improving Operational Efficiencies
Arun Miranda
Chairman & Managing Director, Astrotech Steels Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India
Human Factors Engineering (HFE) is an applied science, which draws on many

interrelated disciplines such as engineering, Psychology, Ergonomics and
Physiology.
It scientifically accounts the human limitations and takes advantage of human
capabilities, which in turn improves the comfort level, health, safety and
productivity.
In today’s world, HFE plays a vital role in developing Systems, Devices and
Procedures as the focus now is on exceeding the Customer’s Expectation for long
term sustainability.
HFE contributes to design of all systems what we see around, from Cycle to Space
shuttle, from Roads to Stadiums, from Spoon to Suits, from rail to aerospace, from
Stretcher to ECMO etcetera.
It has replaced the commonly used principles like logics, intuition, common sense
by rigorous scientific methods to deal with the problem of complex unpredictable
behavior of Human factors while designing systems for their use. It has saved
enormous worth of resources which otherwise would have been spent on trial and
error
With that importance in mind, I have limited myself only to its role in Improving
Operational Efficiencies in Manufacturing Industries.
A manufacturing industry is a complex system of Man, Machine, Method&
Environment. The output of the industry depends on how good they interact.
Whilst the last three can be designed as per requirement, the first one is fixed and
varies with Geographies, Climate, environment, economy, genetics etcetera. So, it
is important to design the Machine, Method & Environment to suit the Man who
gives life to the system to produce results. Therefore, HFE plays a major role in
the final Operational efficiency of a System.
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Invited talk on
Big Data Analyticsin Logisticsand Supply Chain Management:

Certain Investigations for Research and Applications
Prof. Angappa Gunasekaran

Dean and Professor, School of Business & Public Administration
California State University, Bakersfield, USA
TheamountofdataproducedandcommunicatedovertheInternetissignificantlyincreasi
ng, thereby creating challenges for the organizations that would like to reap the
benefits from analyzing this massive influx of big data.This is because big data
canprovideuniqueinsightsinto, inter alia, market trends, customer buying patterns,
and maintenance cycles, aswellas into ways of lowering costs and enabling more
targeted business decisions. Realizing the importance of big data business
analytics (BDBA), wepresent the application of BDBA on logistics and supply
chain management (LSCM) – that we define as supply chain analytics (SCA),
based on the nature of analytics (descriptive, predictive, prescriptive) and the
focus of the LSCM (strategy and operations). To assess the extent to which SCA
is applied within LSCM, we discuss a maturity framework of SCA, based on four
capability levels, that is, functional, process-based, collaborative, agile SCA, and
sustainable SCA. We highlight the role of SCA in LSCM and denote the use of
methodologies and techniques to collect, disseminate, analyze, anduse big data
driveninformation. Furthermore, we stress the need for managers to understand
BDBA and SCA as strategic assets that should be integrated across business activities
to enable integratedenterprisebusinessanalytics. Finally, we outline the limitations of
our study and future research directions.
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Invited talk on
IoT/Analytics role in Outcome based Industrial Production
N. Muthukumar
Managing Director, TLI Insights, Australia
Energy Industry using conventional fuel (coal / gas) is going through challenges
due to various factors influencing their operating model, cost and profitability:
Countries across the world are moving towards renewable energy and power
generation from coal / gas needs to adjust the production capacity accordingly
Fluctuation in demand results in frequent production capacity adjustment and puts

strain on plant operations
Unplanned outage results in hefty penalty to be paid
Companies are moving towards ‘SMART Power Generation’ which involves use
of data to solve the above problems. The advancement in Internet of Things, Big
Data Solutions and Advanced Algorithms helps power companies to use data for
improving the operations efficiency and reduce the cost. There are 3 primary areas
in which data is used to make power generation SMART.
Predictive Maintenance:
Companies used to follow Preventive maintenance, which outlines the time based
maintenance to be followed. The Preventive maintenance schedule is derived out
of the Engineering Physics. In SMART, we move towards Predictive
Maintenance. Predictive Maintenance uses Statistics and Probability Theory. Data
collected from the IoT devices installed in all the devices and pipelines of the
plant will be used to find the relationship between the current plant operating
parameters and possible future failure. This helps in executing maintenance
activity before outage.
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High Frequency Demand Forecasting:
Demand fluctuation is very dynamic in today’s environment with the use of

renewable energy in place of conventional energy. Conventional energy is used to
fill the gaps. Also, the production capacity of renewable energy varies based on
the weather condition and other factors. Also, the consumption pattern varies over
time. All these pose a challenge to be operationally ready to meet fluctuating
demand.
SMART systems collect high frequency IoT data from multiple sources such as
renewable energy production, weather condition, consumption pattern and forecast
the demand for next few hours /day. This high frequency forecasting helps to plan
Operations in advance and run the plant with best operational efficiency at lower
cost.
Operations Analytics:
Historically SCADA systems help to track real time operations of the plant. The
SMART system helps in not only tracking the real time plant, but helps in
predicting and optimizing the plant parameters for cost effective operations. This
process uses data from predictive maintenance, forecasting and real time plant
parameters along with algorithms to guide the plant operations on optimal
operation, environment and safety.
In summary, use of IoT and the data available due to IoT along with Machine
Learning algorithms makes the plant planning and operations more efficient,
environment friendly and safe. A lot of new developments and advancements are
happening in this field on a daily basis which helps to make any industrial
production system more competitive, safe and environment friendly.
This process is not only used in Power Generation, but in many other areas such as
Irrigation, Agriculture, Water Purification and Distribution, Power Distribution,
etc
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Invited talk on
Simulation of Discrete Manufacturing Systems
Dr. P. Shahabudeen
Former Professor and Head
Department of Industrial Engineering, Anna University, Chennai
Simulation is an indispensable problem-solving methodology for the solution of

many real-world problems. Simulation is used to describe and analyse the
behavior of a system, ask "what if" questions about the real system, and aid in the
design of real systems. Both existing and conceptual systems can be modeled with
simulation.
Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over

time. Simulation involves the generation of an artificial history of the system, and
the observation of that artificial history to draw inferences concerning the
operating characteristics of the real system that is represented.
A discrete-event simulation is an approach based on the assumption that the state

of the simulation changes at discrete-time intervals. For example, in a
manufacturing environment, a single event may signal that a machine has
completed a job. Discrete-event simulations can also be stochastic (that is, they
can represent random processes, such as people arriving at a bus stop or
breakdowns affecting a machine) as well as deterministic.
Partial list of applications of simulation:
Identify the Location of ambulances to minimise the travel time
Decide the number of tellers in a bank.
Compute the In process inventory in a production line.
Surgeons schedule in a hospital.
Investment decisions.
Number and location of robots in an assembly line.
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Maintenance schedules for air lines
Spare part inventory management
Production scheduling etc.
Who will be benefited?
Executives in charge of decision making concerning complex production systems,

process activities, etc. Also for academicians and researchers, simulation is a good
alternative to complex mathematical models.
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Tutorial on
Nagen Nagarur
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Tutorial on
Overview of Design of Experiments and Extensions
Dr. R. Panneerselvam
Professor, School of Management, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
The “Design and Analysis of Experiments (DOE)” focuses on designing

experiments with one or more factors, which are suspected to have effect(s) on
one or more response variables and analyzing those factors for their possible
effects on the response variable(s).
The applications of DOE are focused on different systems and procedures,

processes, machines, materials, employees and other resources which are used in
the value addition activities to produce tangible goods/ provide services.
Need for Design of Experiments
DOE is useful in achieving the following:
Identification of the relationships between cause and effect of real life situations.
Identification and understanding of interactions among the factors in the

experiment.
Determination of the levels at which the controllable factors are to be fixed such
that the desired measure of performance(s) of the experiment is/are optimized
Minimization of experimental error(noise)
Improvement of the robustness of the design or process to variation
Experimental Design Techniques
The experimental design techniques are classified into Completely randomized

design, Randomized complete block design, Latin square design, Complete
factorial design, Compete factorial experiment with at least one random factor,
Nested design, Confounded design, Fractional factorial design, Split plot design,
Regression approach, Response surface methodology, Orthogonal arrays, S/N
ratio (Signal to Noise ratio), Grey relational analysis, Multivariate Analysis of
Variance (MANOVA)
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Tutorial on
OR Applications
Prof. G. Srinivasan
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
In this talk we address few applications of Operations Research - Linear

Programming, Integer Programming and Quadratic programming to a variety of
problems having immediate applications in defense, business, society, health and
sports. Applications involving additional techniques such as Data Envelopment
Analysis will be presented with theory, applications and results.
A brief description of these is as follows:
Convoy Problem – Application of shortest path algorithms to convoy routeing

with specific application to Indian army operations
Tendering problem – An integer programming application to multiple bidders for

projects with specific application to a metro project
A grouping and layout problem – A quadratic programming application with

specific reference to page layout in “Awaaz” – a tool for autistic children
Location modelling for healthcare – An integer programming application with

reference to public hospitals in TN
Data Envelopment Analysis – Specific to IPL teams, hospitals
Ideal point problem in marketing – Linkages with stable marriage problem –

Applications from course allocation, mess allocation and player allocation
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Tutorial on
Meta-heuristics for Engineering Optimisation
Dr. N. Jawahar
Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Dean (R&D)
Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, India.
“There exists a goal (e.g. to find a small or high value as possible), there exist
resources (e.g. some number of trials), and the problem is how to use these
resources in an optimal way.”
Engineering optimization is the subject to achieve design goals in engineering.

Most of the Engineering optimization problems can be grouped under the
following major headings: Layout or location problems; Product or system
configuration; Process design;
Whatever be the application, every optimization problem is defined with

Objective criterion / criteria (Performance Evaluation), Constraints (Restrictions,
Limitations, Availability), and Decision Variables (Influencing Parameters).
Optimization problems are classified based on type of objective function (linear or
non-linear), nature of constraint (linear or non-linear), characteristic of the
decision parameter (Continuous / Discrete), and data nature of (deterministic /
stochastic).
The complexity of the problem depends upon the category it falls under. For
many engineering optimization problems due to complex nature of the
environment, methods to provide exact optimal solutions are unavailable or
computationally efficient. Under such circumstances approximate methods that
can explore the solution space in an effective way to find solutions closure to
optimal, but acceptable have been developed. They fall under two major domains:
Heuristics and Artificial Intelligent.
In the era of high computing power, a class of algorithms, known as meta-

heuristics, is evolving as a prominent approach to solve or complex engineering
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optimization and decision making models. A meta-heuristic is formally defined as

an iterative generation process which guides a subordinate heuristic by combining
intelligently different concepts for exploring and exploiting the search space,
learning strategies are used to structure information in order to find efficiently
near-optimal solutions. Meta-heuristics can be further classified as trajectory
based and population based.
In this workshop, the application of meta-heuristics in few engineering

optimization problems in product / system design, production scheduling, robot
trajectory planning, and distribution would be discussed along their concept and
principles of meta-heuristics such as Genetic algorithm (GA), Ant Colony
Optimisation (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), Simulated Annealing
algorithm and Scatter Search Algorithm (SSA).
Keywords: Engineering Optimisation, Meta-heuristics, Heuristics
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Dispersion Modeling of NOx Concentration in the Vicinity of

Ultratech Cement Industry using AERMOD Software
S. Anand Kumar Varma, M. Harish and C.M. Kirubha Sankar

V.S.B Engineering College, Karur-639 111,India
Pollutants are the main risk near cement industry that must be addressed. This can
be performed by observing the behavior of pollutants, their evolution and reason
for their propagation among the various pollutants. One is NOx, the present study
is about the prediction of the concentration of NOx in and around the area of
ULTRA TECH cement Industry located in Tadipatri, Anantapur.
Air quality modeling techniques are cost-effective as compared to measurement

but are data intensive as modeling requires emission and meteorological data a
dispersion modeling technique AERMOD is used for the prediction of emission
rate of criteria pollutants were obtained by two methods: Supplier’s specification
and Direct measurement. Level 1: Predicted and measured values of NOx for 24
hours, NOx will be mainly generated during the high-temperature calcination of
materials in the rotary kiln, and the amount being formed depends greatly on the
combustion temperature average are within the ambient air quality standards
(80µg/m3) prescribed by the central pollution control board. Level 2: Assessment
was carried out using refined model i.e, AERMOD 9.1 with site-specific hourly
data. Co-efficient of correlation R2 values are in the range 0.8 to 0.95 in the study.
Direct measurement is more accurate for the development of emission inventory

for coal combustion from the industry. However, in the present case, results of
emission inventory obtained from Supplier’s specifications and direct
measurement are comparatively equal. Emission factors were also calculated for
criteria pollutants which enable future estimations of any industry for which
emission data is not available. Annual emission rates are furnished from emission
factors and annual activity for the study area.
Keywords: Cement Industry, Air Pollutants, Prediction, Modeling, AERMOD.
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Smart Grid Technologies Utilization towards

Effective Energy Conservation
S. K. Doifodeand Ashok G. Matani

Government College of Engineering, Amravati-444604, India
It is very important to plan the smart grid adoption in a systematic manner

factoring in financial, technical, and institutional requirements. With regard to the
proven technologies, developed countries have faced the challenges and lessons
learned over the years can be adopted by the developing countries to their context.
Adoption of smart grid technologies is important for increased energy efficiency
and renewable energy integration; and to provide quantitative and qualitative
power supply, which are in turn key for sustained inclusive economic growth and
mitigating climate change impacts arising from power sector operations.
Keywords: Reliability and security, distributed generation and controlling power

consumption, improving energy efficiency by utilising real-time
information of supply and demand.
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Industrial Waste Utilization as Resources Inventory in

Indian Manufacturing Systems
Ashok G. Matani and S. K. Doifode

Government College of Engineering, Amravati-444604, India
The type of industrial waste produced is an important factor in determining the

most efficient disposal method. Two of the most common methods of waste
disposal is the use of landfills and incineration devices. Depending on the type
of waste, it can be disposed of or buried underground at a landfill site. This
approach, however, is limited, as certain materials which are not dangerous to the
environment. Chemical waste or other types of toxic waste are not too dumped at
landfills because it can seep into the groundwater and present a health concern to
nearby populations. Incinerators are also used to burn waste materials in
appropriate cases. Environmental groups, however, typically do not favor this
approach because of the related emission of hazardous gases.
Keywords: Hazardous waste, potential hazards, toxicity, gasifier, renewable

biogas
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Cardiac Pulse Sensitive of Onboard Diagnosis

Monitoring System for Automobile
C. Dineshkumar, S. Jhasim, Mohammed Maseehullah and Mansoor Syed

BSAbdur Rahman Cresent University, Chennai-600048,India
In recent times most of the automotive vehicle accidents are increased day by day
in India. Recent causes of the accident show that more than 20% of accidents are
caused due to health issues which occur to drivers while driving the vehicle. In the
proposed project we had been monitoring the status of the health condition of the
driver by using sensors such as pulse rate sensor, blood pressure monitoring and
face detection in image processing. The average heartbeat rate falls below the
lower limit and above the higher limit to the driver. The driver can be prevented
from driving the vehicle when he is in extreme emotion such as heart attack,
arrhythmias, heart stiffening or weakening, cardiomyopathy, stress, anxiety,
depression etc. The result is to create a system capable of contributing to the
reduction of collisions. The driver who suddenly suffers from health issue
especially heart attack while driving the vehicle cannot handle the vehicle because
during heartache the movement of hands is difficult to control the vehicle which
results in accidents. The sensors collect the data and send it to the control unit
which interprets the data with the standard value and if some values are unusual
may be in heart rate, blood pressure or image processing. The control unit sends
out a warning signal to the driver and if the driver doesn’t show any reaction
within the set time the braking system is actuated.
Keywords: Heart rate, pulse sensor, blood pressure monitoring, image

processing, Arduino board, ultrasonic sensor and braking system.
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Key Based Spatio-Temporal Access Control Model for

Cloud Databases
B.Senthilnayaki and A.Kannan

College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai- 600025, India
Access control for cloud databases is an essential security mechanism to restrict

the access only to authorized users. The existing access control techniques to
consider only the roles. Such a role based access control mechanisms restrict the
users from accessing the database from anywhere and at any time. In the cloud
scenario, users are created based on their home location, current position and the
virtual machine used by them. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the user
location, the user’s responsibility at the current time and a key to check the
authentication of the user are necessary. In this paper, we propose a key based
Spatio-Temporal access control model for enhancing the security of cloud
databases. The main advantage of the proposed model is the checking of security
constraints using Spatio-Temporal aspects and key constraints.
Keywords: Spatio-Temporal, Access control, Cloud databases, key constraints.
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Correlation of Test bench with actual vehicle condition

of Indian Commercial passenger cars
M. A. Sai Balaji1, A. Baskar2, A. Sai Priya3,

Md Javeed Ahmed1 and B. Suryarajan1
1
BSA Crescent University,Chennai-600048,India
2
Panimalar Institute of Technology,Chennai-600123,India
3
Bharatidasan Govt.College for women,Puducherry-641046,India
Brake pad manufacturers claim that their product can sustain a minimum of
several thousand kilometers before replacement based on the results of the test
protocol. The simulation in the test rig can match with the real life scenario, but it
can never replicate the on road condition/environment. Only the frictional
performance can be predicted. The style of driving, types of roads, traffic and
terrain varies universally and hence it is difficult to predict the life of the brake
pad. For one of the fast moving branded commercial car running in city traffic, the
estimated bench life is 20.000 km based on their intensive field study. One of its
main competitors wants to predict its benchmark (estimated life) for their cars
running in city traffic. Hence, the brake pads from both the cars are tested in the
chase testing machine following modified SAE J661a standards. A wear study is
carried out by ensuring that temperature does not exceed 2000C. Temperature is
maintained up to 2000C, as it was observed that in normal city traffic even the
maximum deceleration applied did not cause any abrupt temperature rise at the
interface. Based on this test results a correlation factor is arrived using two
different approaches. Data from the manufacturer’s dealer workshop confirmed
closely with the correlation factor.
Keywords: Brake pad, wear, life prediction, traffic, correlation factor, city traffic.
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Execution of Autonomous Vehicle to Detect Cracks in

The Railway Tracks
C. Ashwin, R. Easwar and P. Vidhushini

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai-602105, India
In India, most of the commercial transport is being carried out by the railway
network and therefore as any problem occurred during transportation the major
damage is getting occurred to the economy-non withstanding a social life. This
present year is facing many train derailments in India and the reviews from Indian
Railways says that it is mostly due to the cracks present in the railway tracks. And
those cracks get developed when it was left unseen. These cracks and bulging of
tracks are developed mainly due to excessive atmospheric heat.
The present railway network uses hand-pushed trolleys for safety inspections
which takes more time and workforce. Our innovation is to automate these
inspection activities with the use of ECU’s (Electronic Control Unit) which is the
circuit configured with sensors, modules, transmission and receiving unit. With
this innovation, the track inspection will become simple and efficient in many
ways. Moreover, our idea is made for cost efficiency and also for periodical
inspections at any time of a day. This idea is proposed solely based on the
goodness of our society and also to develop confidence over the people on their
journey through rail routes.
Keywords: Electronic Control Unit, Sensors, Modules.
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Design and Fabrication of Automatic Sand Sieving Machine
M. Muthukannan, G.Balamurugan,S. Saravanakumar,

Ananthakrıshnan and V. Ganeshmoorthy
Kalasalingam University, Srivilliputhur-626126, India
In the present study, the design and fabrication of automatic sand sieving machine
is done to sieve the different types of sand using a fully automated system. The
numerical analysis is also done for deformation and stress analysis for different
parts like main frame bucket and feeder frame order to find the safety aspects. The
cost of the machine is around 42,000 and the payback period is around one year.
By introducing the machine process time is reduced to 1/16 times of conventional
process and it will reduce two labour works.
Keywords: Fabrication, Sand Seiving,Machine Process Time.
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Hybrid Windmill Turbines with Perpetual Motion Machines for

Enhanced Efficiencies at Low Wind Speeds
R. Ranga Raj, M. Narayanan and M. Hariharan

Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore - 641022, India
Windmills are located in the open fields because it could meet wind speed to have
blade rotations to generate power. The main function of the windmill is to convert
mechanical energy (i.e., rotary motion) to electrical energy. This mechanical
energy could be developed in many ways. The perpetual motions are produced by
keen concepts behind science. Applying these motions in the windmill it is much
efficient to produce rotary motion with a slight disturbance causing rotation. As
perpetual motion seems to be nonstop continuous in process frequent production
of power is created. This paper describes about designing a hybrid windmill
turbine by combining the Horizontal-axis wind turbine and perpetual motion
machines (PMM), which will operate even in low wind areas with greater
efficiency using variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) generators for power
production.
Keywords: Rotary Motion, Windmill, Perpetual Motion Machines, Horizontal-

Axis Wind Turbine, Low Speed Wind.
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Design and Analysis of new Combined

Braking System for Two Wheelers
V.Deepan, M.Fareeth Aslam, V.Mohan Raj and P.Jayesh Pradhyumna

BSAbdul Rahman Crescent University, Chennai-600048, India
This is the real time analysis and designing of a combined braking system of two
wheeler using delay valve. Seimens nx software is used to design a combined
brake with delay valve with different rate of flow and mass. Different Pressure of
the liquid flows from master cylinder and system of delay valve which cause a
resist of motion of rotating disc and makes a vehicle stop without skidding. Using
combined braking system with delay valve mechanism will give good efficiency
and minimize stopping distance.Dimensions of braking pad will sustain, along
with different flow rate and mass. While applying brake lever, an amount of
pressure is enlarge in master cylinder due to the pressure, fluid will start to
flowalong tubes.But in front disc brake, we use delay valve in flow tube. Delay
valve will resist a liquid for certain range of pressure. After giving more pressure,
the piston in delay valve will move down to the bottom. So fluid will flow through
tube to the front disc caliper. The volume of tube will also increase the pressure of
fluid without resistance. Designing of brake pad and pressure of fluid will differ
from one another like as rear-60, front-40. Graphical representation of result
between stopping distance and time is sustained when compared to normal system.
Keyword: Continued breaking system, Delay value mechanism, stopping distance.
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Standardisation of Product Data Functionalities for

Automation in Construction Industry
Sam George1 and K. David2

1
Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, India
2
HH. The Rajahs College, Pudukkottai-622001.India
Construction industry over the globe is manifesting at a very rapid pace with
technological innovations occurring at every threshold of its growth. As such,
every player in this industry has to keep up the pace of development and
innovation to match the momentum of growth. This industry which was once
considered to be resource oriented has trimmed down heavily on manpower to
manifest itself as an area of technological innovation to match with global
standards. Information technology has become a catalyst for growth in the
industry with its inherent features for automation. The various features of
technological assisted growth include automated workflows, engineering oriented
progress monitoring, correspondence management, knowledge and repository
management, reports, dashboards and other custom build features. With its tie-up
with automation, the civil engineering industry has made a quantum jump from
mere item rate packages managed by the owner to lump sum contracts managed
by engineering contractor and finally to Engineering Procurement and
Construction (EPC) contracts managed by corresponding EPC contractor with due
weightages in design, procurement and construction capabilities. Further growth
in EPC industry was fueled with increased project size, complexity, increased
client participation, significant cost overruns, regulatory bottlenecks and
aggressive bidding which has challenges related to schedules, project initiation,
cost, productivity, quality and safety. Research in this area is a matter of choice
for anywhere who is working in this domain.
Keywords: Automation in Construction Industry,EPC.
26
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Resin Coating to Resist

Corrosion in Submerged Pumps
Rajkumar, R. Ranga Raj and S. EzhilNilavan

Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore - 641022, India
Corrosion is the deterioration of the material, which results from a reaction with
its environment. Especially submerged pump experiences surface corrosion more
than any other pumps. New attempt is made here, by coating the surface of the
pump using Fusion Bonded Epoxy Resin (FBE). FBE coatings with different
properties are available to suit coating application on the main body of pipe,
internal surfaces, girth welds as well as on fittings. Epoxy coatings are popular
because they provide a quick drying, tough and protective coating. This Epoxy
coating is designed for high build thickness in one or two coat layers. The
commonly used FBE resins are derivatives of bi-phenol A, bi-phenol F and epi-
chlorohydrin are commonly used in the FBE formulations to achieve various
properties, combinations or additions.
Keywords: Surface Corrosion, Fusion Bond Epoxy Resin, Protective Coating,

One Or Two Coat Layers, Bisphenol A.
27
Energy Optimization in Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Network
M. C. Geoffrine Judith1, D.Mary2

1
Anna University, Chennai-600025, India
2
Government College of Technology,Coimbatore-641 013,India
The sensors deployed in environmental monitoring, structural monitoring,

military surveillance etc., have energy consumption as a major hindrance for long
life. Since wireless sensor networks are mostly battery operated energy
optimization is a major area of concern. This paperanalyse the DEARER protocol
which uses renewable energy as a technique to tackle the depleting energy of
sensor nodes. But in the above protocol multi-hop routing is not performed.
Whereas in delay-constrained energy multi-hop (DCEM) protocol energy
optimization in addition to multi-hop routing is performed. Here, the trade-off for
energy and delay (TED) is used for cluster head selection. So, combining the
advantages of both DCEM’s multi-hop routing and DEARER’s renewable energy
sources an efficient protocol named GEOVJ protocol was designed which uses
both renewable energy resources for the energy depleted sensor nodes in addition
to the multi-hop routing of cluster heads with delay constrained environment to
achieve best results.
Keywords: Wireless Sensors, Renewable Energy, Multi-Hop Routing,

Optimization, Cluster Heads.
28
Optimisation of Tribological Parameters on

Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composites using
Accelerated Life Testing Methodology
Dhandabani S, Jayaseeni Vasanthan R, Santhosh Kumar R,

Lokesh D and A.Gnanavelbabu
This paper focuses on the Tribo-logical characteristics of AA6061 reinforced with

B4C and NG hybrid composite. The hybrid composite is fabricated through stir
casting method and tested for Tribo-property. Here, Tribo-property focussed is
volumetric wear. Accelerated Life testing methodology is used to test volumetric
wear using the Pin-on-Disc arrangement at elevated conditions. Out of the nine
combinations of the Aluminium alloy and Hybrid Composite, a qualitative
analysis was performed and the minimum wear composite is found to be a
combination of 75 % of Aluminium, 10% of B4C and 15% of NG. A Taguchi
experiment is conducted and an L25 Orthogonal array is used for experimenting.
The designed L25 orthogonal array for analysing the wear rate with three
parameters each at five levels: Load[A](5N, 10N, 15N, 20N, 25N),
Speed[B](0.6m/s, 0.8m/s, 1.0m/s, 1.2m/s, 1.4m/s) and Temperature[C](110˚C,
120˚C, 130˚C, 140˚C, 150˚C). The results of the wear rate are analysed using the
statistical tools. MINITAB 17 software is employed to find Signal-to-Noise ratio
and for performing Regression analysis and ANOVA. The regression model is
well fitted to the distribution at an R2 value of 91.44%. Signal-to-Noise ratio is
used to find the near optimal solution and it is found as A1B2C2. Grey Relational
Analysis is used to find the optimal level of the input parameters. The optimal
level of parameters is found to be A1B3C1. ANOVA on Grey Relational Grade is
used to find the significant factors and Load and Temperature are found to be the
significant factors which influence the Volumetric Wear.
Keywords: Tribology, Accelerated Life Testing Methodology, Orthogonal Array,

Grey Relational Analysis, ANOVA.
29
Fabrication of Metal Matrix Composite for Brake Drum;

A Study of Tribological Properties
A. Manikandan, N. Parthipan and C. Gokulkumar

M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur- 639113, India
The brake system is the most important system in a vehicle. It changes over the
active vitality of moving the vehicle into warm vitality while halting. The essential
elements of brake drums are to moderate the speed of the vehicle. Point of the
undertaking is car part light weighing is one of the significant objectives for
growing light-weight elite segments. With a specific end goal to accomplish
weight funds in vehicles, the light-weight high- performance components are
increasingly using aluminium, magnesium, plastics and composites. Developing
light weight and high strength component is made by the Hybrid composite
material. The utilization of Hybrid composite is turning into a suitable answer for
help the new controls of the Automobile business. In this paper deals with ,
fabrication of metal matrix composite (AA6061+SiC+Gr) for automotive brake
drum to attain weight reduction, corrosion resistance, Thermal corrosion and also
resisting temperature rise while applying brake force. Erosion is the power that
demonstrations to keep two surfaces in contact from sliding against each other.
Whengrinding happens, the dynamic vitality (movement) of the sliding surfaces is
changed over into warm vitality (warm).After the fabrication, of the brake drum is
testedin pin-on disc equipment for friction using wear test and temperature rise in
inside surface of brake drum by using an infra-red thermometer. From the
experimental results, the best sample is selected.
Keywords: Brake force, Brake drum, Friction, Metal matrix composites, Weight
reduction.
30
Maritime Border Monitoring using Geo-fencing
R. Geetha Ramani1, V. Sudhan Dhakshneswaran1 and V. Rajhashimma2

1
Anna University, Chennai-600025. India
2
Easwari Engineering College, Chennai-600089, India
Maritime Border Monitoring is a real-time alert and remote boat controlling

system to gain the control of the maritime which is remote and inaccessible for
monitoring in person. This is very useful for the fishing industry as well as
monitoring the border. The main problem this paper going to address is how to
restrict and control the border crossing of a fisherman either by accident or by
purpose.Fisherman causality near maritime is a real-time and unsolved problem
for the long period of time. As fishing is an industry and it has the most important
lifesaving problem to solve. Every day some fisherman lost their lives and many
lost their boats and other belongings to the neighboring countries naval force. In a
remote place like maritime, it is not good to rely on single point of monitoring the
boat, to address this problem we are introducing a different kind of alert and
monitoring system by including different technology. The first technology this
work emphasis is "Geofencing". By using the above method an android app can be
developed which will monitor and alert the user about the border area. The second
technology is embedded system with GPS module, which will keep on updating
the location of the boat to the Base station through which it will be easy monitor
the movement of the different boat in same time. The third and important feature
is redirecting the boat automatically toward the base station. Three different
methodologies are used to overcome the cons of one another in a different way.
This method is a cost-efficient and reliable source for remote monitoring of
maritime and any other borders.
Keywords: Maritime, Border-crossing, remote-monitoring, remote-controlling,

maritime-alert.
31
Analytical Investigation on Study of Cfstubular Columns with

BFRP Wrapping Under Axial Load
S. Balasubramanian1, J.Jegan2, M.C. Sundarraja3and J.Abbas Mohaideen1

1
Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai-623806, India.
2
University College of Engineering & Technology, Ramnad-623513, India.
3
Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai-625015, India.
Composite column shave been widely used in the construction industry

mainlyduetoits high strength, durability, easeofconstruction and costsaving.
Concrete Filled Steel Tubular (CFST) columns combine the structural properties
and advantages of both steel and concrete materials. As the steel tubeseliminates
the need of form work, it leads to accelerated construction and cost saving. The
steel tube provides confinement to the concrete in fill, which inturnactsasa
supporttothesteeltube and prevents localinward buckling of the section. But these
members can get deteriorated due to corrosionandageing. Newmaterials and
strengthening techniques need to be introduced to combat this problem.
Strengthening methods using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) caneradicate the
difficulties caused dueto traditional strengthening techniqueslike section
enlargement and external wrapping using steel plates. This paper aimsto study the
load carrying capacity of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) wrapping in
strengthening of CFST long columns underaxial load by using ANSYS17.0
(WORKBENCH) software. The modeling of CFST columns with BFRP wrapping
were studied with variation in parameters such asspacing of sheets (20mm, 30mm,
40mm) and effect offibreorientation. 0° and 45°angleorientation is provided for
each variation in spacing of the FRP sheets.
Keywords: CFST, BFRP, ANSYS17.0
32
Emotional Intelligence for Developing Leadership Competence
Suganya Sivanesan and S.Joyce

Sathyabama University, Chennai – 600119, India
Environmental factors and Personal proficiencies make a person successful in

his/her leadership quest. 10% of life is made up of what happens to you and
remaining 90% of life is decided by how you react to any situation. This paper
deals with how a person flourishes in his/her professional life with high Emotional
Intelligence irrespective of one’s age. Success requires a positive approach which
includes all major psychological factors and processes like thinking, feeling,
behaving and willing. Emotional Intelligence is the collection of emotional,
personal, social and survival dimensions of intelligence. EI is the best predictor of
success in life. It is related to work performance and effective leadership.
Major two incidents of IndiGo, has become viral few weeks ago which would be a
perfect example for the necessity of Emotional Intelligence. The first incident was
about an IndiGo passenger who had landed in the national capital, was
manhandled by the airline’s ground staff at the Delhi Airport after alleged
argument of using abusive language. The second incident was about how a flight
attendant who was sexually harassed by two drunk men and how she made them
fall at her feet and apologize for letting them free in return. From these two
incidents, we can surmise how much Emotional Intelligence is required in one’s
life. Also, this paper explains how to enhance Emotional Intelligence in five
dimensions. They are Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Motivation, Empathy and
Social Skills.
Keywords: Emotions, Emotional Intelligence, Emotional Competence,

Leadership, Teamwork, Inter Personal Relationship.
33
Performance Improvement of Elastic Washer in Clutch Disc
S. Vignesh, B. Mohan and Anantharaman Sriraman

College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
This work presents an actual case study on one of the Clutch Assembly
manufacturers in Chennai. The clutch assembly interrupts the power flow between
the engine and the transmission when the vehicle is brought to a stop with the
engine running and when shifting gears. Their method of Production is based on
the customer requirement and design specifications. The problem is that the
product is categorized as NG (No Good) part during Bench Test and was rejected.
If the product is delivered to the customer, it may lead to dissatisfaction. In this
economical world, any company has to fulfill its customer needs to survive in the
market. Root cause identification methodology has been adopted to eliminate the
rejection of product manufactured by the enterprise and improving the life of
product. In this work, the root cause for the rejection of the clutch disc is analyzed
which in turn helps in making tha clutch disk that meets the design requirement
and reach the customer without any defect.
Keywords: Root Cause Analysis, Clutch Disc, Product Failure.
34
Surface Integrity Analysis of Machining AISI 304

Stainless Steel with MQL Technique
R. Vıshal, G. Manımaran and K. Nimel Ross

Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai-602105, India.
In every machining process, tool wear is a natural phenomenon and it leads to tool
failure and frequent changing of tool. The increasing demand of high productivity
in machining requires high cutting velocity and feed rate. Such machining
inherently produces high cutting temperature, which not only reduces tool life but
also impairs the surface quality. Metal cutting fluid improves the performance of
machining operations because of their lubrication, cooling, and chip flushing from
the work area, but using large quantity of cutting fluid was problematic in terms of
both employee health and environmental pollution. The minimal use of cutting
fluid has cost-effective benefits by saving lubricant costs and reduces the
workpiece/tool/machine cleaning process. The concept of minimum quantity
lubrication (MQL) has been suggested since a decade ago as a means of
addressing the environmental issues and occupational hazards associated due to
outflow of cutting fluid particles on factory shop floors. The experimental data
was collected by end milling of hardened AISI 304 steel at industrial speed-feed
combination using coated carbide cutter under dry, flood coolant and minimum
quantity lubrication conditions.The results obtained includes substantial reduction
in tool wear rate and surface roughness, mainly through reduction in the cutting
zone temperature.
Keywords: Machining, Surface Integrity, MQL.
35
Study on Usability of Road Traffic Signals in Kottayam
N. Suhana, D. R. Gowri and R. Rajesh

Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam-686501, India
Traffic signals are usually placed in an intersection for telling drivers to go and
stop, can also flash arrow signals to tell drivers in a turning lane when to make a
turn. Traffic signals have a series of light which change to give driver’s multiple
directions. But with the rapid expansion of urban space, the urban traffic has
become increasingly complex. Controlling this intensive traffic flow is important
but it is difficult due to the usability issues or ineffectiveness of signals. They face
issues in terms of detection and recognition of signals due to poor visibility, bad
weather conditions, colour combinations used, height and position of signal post
etc. Comprehension of a traffic signal is crucial to safety. But they are not always
detected or recognized correctly. Another issue is with the mobility on road. With
an increase in vehicle density, the problem of congestion on highways and in cities
is becoming more and more acute in front of signals and it also lead to accidents,
time loss, confusions etc. Visual obstruction may caused due to plant overgrowth,
frost, parked vehicles, poor visibility etc. while considering the weather condition,
The shadow due to sunny environment may appear in the image. The colour of
signal light changes with position of sun, The visibility of traffic signal is also
affected by fog, rain and snow. Poor illumination due to change in weather may
affect the detection of signals. Sometimes the signals are seemed to be disoriented
from idle position. Another issue is with the mobility on road. With globalization
and the need for mobility fuelling traffic growth all over the world, the problem of
congestion on highways and in cities is becoming more and more in front of
signals, sometimes it may lead to accidents, confusion, traffic bottlenecks.
Keywords: Traffic signal, usability.
36
Consumer Perception towards Different Modes of

Cashless Transaction
S. B. Arun and V. Varun Raj

Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam-686501, India
A cash payment is a form of liquid fund given a consumer to a provider for goods
or services as compensation for receiving those products. In most domestic
business transactions, a cash payment will typically be made in the currency of the
country where the transaction takes place, either in paper currency, in coins or in
an appropriate combination. But another system is also available for payment
which is called as Cashless payment system. Technology is making possible a
world where payments will increasingly be digital, mobile and even borderless.
A cashless system is characterized by the exchange of funds by cheque, debit or

credit card, or electronic methods rather than the use of cash. The ease of
conducting financial transactions is probably the biggest motivator to go digital.
Cashless economy is an economy where transaction can be done without
necessarily carrying physical cash as a means of exchange of transaction but rather
with the use of credit or debit card payment for goods and services. The customer
will no longer need to carry wads of cash, plastic cards, or even queue up for
ATM withdrawals. It’s also a safer and easier spending option during we are
travelling.
Keywords: Cashless, Cash, Payment, Economy, Transaction.
37
Design And Development of Apparel Product from

Bamboo Cotton Blend
M.D.Jothilinkam1 and T.Ramachandran2

1
Karpagam University, Coimbatore- 641021, India.
2
Karpagam Institute of Technology, Coimbatore- 641105, India.
The Apparel fabric is made of bamboo and cotton different blend are recent
development in textile materials has revealed that it has an enormous potential as a
comfort and mechanical properties and eco friendliness. The main aim of this
research work is to study the comfort and mechanical properties of
Bamboo/Cotton blended fabrics using plasma treatment. The blending of
bamboo/cotton is carried out during carding itself and fibers are converted into
yarn using ring spinning method to 40’sNe count. Then yarns are tested for
Tenacity, elongation, imperfection and friction. The yarns were converted to
woven fabric using lab model Rapier weaving machine and the fabric is tested to
find the improvement in comfort and mechanical properties like air permeability,
water permeability, thermal resistance, gsm and thickness. Based on the results
obtained blended fabric will be chosen for making the apparels.
Keywords: Bamboo, Cotton, Yarns, Fabrics, Oxygen gas, Plasma and Testing.
38
Optimized Power Allocatıon for Noma Based 5G Networks
R.Ann Caroline Jenifer and M.A.Bhagyaveni

College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India
Next generation 5G wireless networks aims to provide higher data rates, high
spectral efficiency, very low latency, ultra-high reliability, wide range of
coverage, and very high capacity. Many key enabling technologies are proposed to
achieve these goals. Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technique is one
such key enabler to improve spectral efficiency and provide massive connectivity.
In this work, optimized power allocation for OFDM based downlink NOMA
system is investigated. A threshold based power allocation scheme using convex
optimization technique is proposed to achieve a lower PAPR. The proposed
technique shows better PAPR reduction than the conventional water filling
approach.
Keywords: Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), Peak-to- Average Power

Ratio (PAPR), ConvexOptimization.

39
Complexity Leadership: A Leadership Style for New ERA
K. Akhil Sankar and P.V.R. Nandakishore

Government Engineering College, Kottayam-686501, India
From 2005 to 2010 Economies topple from complexity due to the Global
Financial Crisis. Due to the crisis organizations and entire industries all around the
world were affected, with increased connectivity allowing everyday people to
network and drive large-scale political, social and market disruption. In this
environment, the world is operating in fundamentally different ways. The events,
threats and opportunities are coming are not coming at a fast rate, but are
converging and influencing each other to produce a new unique situation which is
highly unpredictable. Although leadership has long been an area of interest and is
a mature field the new models of leadership continue to develop, including a
model of leadership for the new form organization in which leadership relies less
upon managerial authority and a new set of ideas that transcends the physical,
biological, and social sciences, referred to as Complexity Theory, has entered the
realm of leadership research. The theory of complex adaptive systems are applied
incorporate knowledge about how to lead for adaptability along with managing
organizations for efficiency, effectiveness and desired results. Findings in
complexity theory allow us to consider how principles of organizing emanating
from the physical and biological sciences can inform our understanding of
adaptability in organizational contexts. In this article, a new form of leadership
style is offered by explaining what complexity is and why it is changing the way
we need to lead in today’s contexts. It is concluded by the offering the complexity
leadership model as an overarching framework for understanding and practicing
leadership in a complex world.
Keywords: Complexity, Complex Adaptive system, Enabling leadership
40
Feasibility analysis of Implementing Improved Laid out Plans for

Kodimatha Water Park in South India
S. Arsha Bhadra, Linto M. George and George Kallarackal

Rajiv Gandhi Institute ofTechnology, Kottayam-686501, India.
The study examines feasibility analysis for Kodimatha Water Park situated in
South India. Even though Kodimatha Water Park is strategically placed between
the nations prominent tourism destinations it has not witnessed the desired growth
and hence a laid out plan for more investments to this park has been made by the
District Tourism Promotion Council under the Green Carpet initiative of the
Kerala Government. This study analyses the feasibility of implementing a plan
which has been evolved from a pilot study which compared the selected spot with
other similar spots. The study shows that the park will perform better as per the
proposed plan which is feasible in all aspects. The cost benefit analysis of this is
done using break even charts. Results shows that if this improved laid out plan is
implemented in Kodimatha, the revenue collected from it will be much higher
than that before. In this paper it is also proved that the investments made in each
individual field will be collected back in a short period of time. Finally, the
average time required for return of investment is calculated to prove it to be
financially feasible.
Keywords: Break Even Analysis, Selling Price, Internal Rate of Return,

Feasibility, Need Analysis.
41
Carbon-di-Oxide Sequestration in Cementitious Material

for Sustainable Construction - A Mitigation Measure
to Reduce Global Warming
M.Jothilingam1 and Pratheeba Paul2

1
SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-603203, India2 Hindustan
Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai- 603103, India
There are number of factors which control the rate of process of natural
carbonation and make it very slow in cement based material. A systematic
literature survey revealed that mostly carbonation was limited to its effect on
corrosion of steel reinforcement in R.C.C. structures including cover depth design
and service life prediction. Research at global level is being carried out on
developing the cost effective and safe technology for the possibility of carbon
dioxide sequestration as per IPCC guide lines and the attempts are being made to
apply the accelerated carbonation technology for CO2sequestration in concrete. In
this study, a detailed investigation has been made on the uptake quantity of carbon
dioxide in concrete with favourable conditions for carbonation curing, that is
grade of concrete, water cement ratio, temperature, relative humidity, initial air
curing, workmanship and surface finish. The concrete grades of M15, M20, M25
and M30 were taken for the investigation of strength with respect to carbonation
depth, time of exposure and pressure. Further, analysis has been made on the
Accelerated Carbonation Technology by using commercially available pure CO2
for carbonation curing in precast concrete and the possible structural and
environmental benefits has been discussed. The feasibility of accelerated
carbonation curing to replace the present conventional steam curing also has been
explored. This green technology would facilitate cement, concrete, precast
product and other similar manufacturing industries to obtain carbon credit and
they can adopt this green technology to reduce their industrial carbon dioxide
emissions into the atmosphere to reduce global warming.
Keywords: Sustainable construction, Global warming, Carbonation curing, CO2

sequestration
42
Resource efficiency - Inspiration from ‘Honey Bee Hives’
Dr. M. Elango
School of Architecture and Planning, Anna University, Chennai- 600025, India
Architectural design is a cognitive activity (Lawson 2005). The process that makes
an architectural design unique or different from all others is mainly due to the fact
that it is a combination of an individual architect’s general and architectural
knowledge. After presenting a design idea in whatever form, the designer steps
back with a critical eye and examines his/her product (Hillier & Leman 1974).
Treat nature as a model and a mentor not an inconvenience to be evaded or
controlled” (William McDonough 2000). The inspiration for this research is from
‘Honey Bee Hives’ which are aimed at achieving maximum benefit with
minimum resources, as the honey bees find it extremely difficult to mobilise the
resources to construct their hive. This process of inspiration from biological
sources is termed as "biomimetics". This lead to the inquiry of finding whether the
practicing architects who are responsible for shaping the built environment
consciously adopt the principles of eco sensitiveness with the objective of
conserving the natural resources and optimising them for garnering maximum
benefit to the beneficiary. In order to inquire into the practices adopted by the
architects in this regard, the researcher thought it fit to obtain feedback from them
on the methodology adopted by them towards eco- sensitiveness in architecture.
The major outcome related to this research is the architect’s commitment of eco-
sensitive architecture in design decisions has to be measured through rational
methods with respect to material efficiency in building, as an integrated process.
Keywords: Biomimicry, Eco- sensitive Architecture, Resource efficiency,

Architectural Design Process, Design Decision.
43
Experimental Investigation on Thermal Protection of

Ceramic Coated GFRP Composites
T. Michel Raj1 and T. Paul Robert2

1
SRR Engineering College, Chennai-603103, India
2
College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai-600025,India
Fiber-reinforced composites are mainly used in aircraft structures, reaction

vessels, pressure vessels and many other industrial applications due to their
preferable specific stiffness and strength properties. The main drawbacks of GFRP
composite laminates are, sensitive to vulnerable environmental influences and
they will lose their properties. GFRP composites are unable to withstand high
temperature high electric current and cannot sufficiently prevent
electromechanical force from destroying. Series of industrial practices have been
used for GFRP composite damage protection. Nevertheless, only very few of them
deal with thermo electric behaviour of composite laminates. This paper presents
a simple and low cost method with multiple technical benefits. GFRP composites
of low thermal conductivity with a possibility to use in high temperature
environment are coated with SiO2 protective coatings and tested. The Epoxy
Adhesive C18H21ClO3 is used for bonding. The method is applied to plate-type
GFRP composite specimens with cross-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates. A
comparison of different coating thickness is also investigated at different voltage
levels. The performance of ceramic coated GFRP composites under high electric
and high temperature fields are investigated through high voltage impulse test.
Thermal response and damage sizes have been investigated experimentally.
Damage occurred in both in-plane and through-thickness directions are examined.
Keywords: Composite laminates, Electromechanical force, High voltage impulse

test.
44
Rudimentary Design of LLL Windshield Retriever
S. Jaya Surya, M. Prahnava Vishnu and A. Gnanavelbabu

Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
Industrial automation has been the key in producing most of today’s

advancements. There are a lot of advantages that we gain out of automating an
industrial process. Automating an industrial process can benefit a process by
witnessing reduction in man power, reduction in lead time, improvement in
accuracy of the process and thereby improving the productivity of the system as a
whole.This work aims to give a seamless solution for the manual unloading of the
windshields from the trolley in a particular station of a car assembly line. The
constraints that prevent the station from being automated have been identified and
addressed.
The overall problem is approached by critically analyzing it using the steps in

work study and also through detailed discussion with the industrial experts. The
station is automated by changing the designs of the windshield trolley and a robot
manipulator to transfer it to the conveyor. Two trial solutions for automating the
station have been drafted. The limitations and benefits of the two solutions are
compared and a final design has been proposed. The final design consists of a
windshield trolley with no complicated mechanisms and a LLL windshield
retriever that uses pneumatics as its basic mechanism. The automation process is
done by changing the layout of the workstation so as to improve the effectiveness
of the process. The design is made simpler with primitive robotic mechanisms
such that the loading of windshields in the trolley and the subsequentunloading of
them by the manipulator is made quiteeasy and cost effective.
Keywords: Work study, Automation, Robotics and Layout.

GE50 204
45
Hazard Identificatıon and Risk Assessment in Milk Industry
S. P. Selvabharathi, V. M. Sivakumar and M. Thirumarimurugan

Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641014,India
This research focuses on identifying the major hazards and their risk assessment in
dairy industry. Occupational accidents are happening in the form of injury, near
miss or property damages. A single factor or combination of various factors can be
the reason behind such accidents. These factors can be quantified by using the
following techniques like Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA), fault tree
analysis (FTA), Risk Priority Number (RPN), using ALOHA determined the
Toxic threat zone, Flammable threat zone and Overpressure blast force threat
zone. The above mentioned techniques are widely accepted and proven to be
effective in identifying potential hazards. The results from this research offer in-
depth information for risk management in the dairy industry. Prevention of
leakage of the toxic gases is recommended based on this research. Consequently,
this would be helpful in reducing the accidents and loss of lives in future.
Keywords: Risk Assessment,Dairy plants, Risk Priority Number (RPN), Failure

Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA), ALOHA.
46
Fire Impact Assessment of Flammable Fuel Storage in Heat

Treatment Plant using Fire Dynamics Simulator
V. Inbarasan, A. K. Mariselvam, D. Thiruselvi, P. Karthik and S. Sivanesan

Today we use highly durable materials in our day to day life, such material used
for manufacturing of mechanical components and infrastructure projects require
high strength and durability. To make a component highly durable, heat treatment
is done. The Heat Treatment process increases the strength of the material by
modifying their metallurgical properties. In Heat Treatment facility, the fire
hazards are more prone and even a single fire accident may be devastating due to
the storage and use of flammable liquid as fuel in the furnace of the facility. This
study adopts a reliable methodology for fire impact modelling in a Heat Treatment
plant. Hazard identification and Risk Assessment have been used to identify the
most lethal fire accident scenarios. Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) have been
used to simulate these scenarios. The results have been used to identify the most
devastating impact of the fire on personnel and property due to thermal radiation
and corresponding risk levels has been derived. It is proven that the scenario in the
fuel storage and flow pipelines during combustion process have the highest risk of
fire to both personnel and property. This methodology can be adapted for safe
design of storage tank and proper planning of layout to mitigate or to avoid the
impacts of a fire accident in a Heat Treatment facility.
Keywords: Fire impact assessment, FDS, Methanol, LPG, Accident Credibility.
47
Study of Fire and Smoke Behaviour in a Commercial Building

and Implementation of Evacuation Planning Procedure
D. Sivasankaran, A. K. Mariselvam, D. T. Amudha,

V. Karthikeyan and S. Sivanesan
Anna University, Chennai-600025 India
To study the fire & smoke behaviourand effects of escape route design and time
taken on evacuation process in commercial buildings. Thesoftware that going to
be used for smoke and fire spread and evacuation modelling help to identify and
reduce the safety problems. Smoke modeling and evacuation modelling both are
interlinked with each other in considering the safety of a building.The smoke and
firespread and emergency evacuation plan are considered as an essential
component of any building design that has to be considered before or after the
construction process.
Keywords: FDS, Pyrosim, Pathfinder, Smoke transport, Building fire model.
48
Optimizing Production Layout in Small &Medium Scale

Industry to Minimize Intra-Plant Transportation: A Case Study
Ashok G. Matani1, S. K. Doifode2 andA. D. Bhishnurkar3

1
Government College of Engineering, Amravati-444604
3
Shatabdi Institute of Engineering & Research,Nashik-422502
The main objective of this study is to minimise the delay in production of tillage
equipment for Medium scale organisations (MSO) in Industrial Development
Corporation area. This study was carried out at Rotavator manufacturing plant.
This research used Time and Motion technique to improve manufacturing process
and to minimise delay in production. Time and Motion Study is a scientific
method to minimise manufacturing/production time and increase productivity. The
research objectives towards accomplished this study is to identify problems in the
Fabrication process. Solutions for the problem occurred given in terms of
minimising production time, minimising transportation and Optimizing production
layout by proposing an efficient manufacturing process. This study used
systematic observations; motion study and stopwatch time study as research
methodology. The improvement of manufacturing process was executed by
eliminating and combining of work process, which reduces production time,
transportation time, number of process and space utilization.
Keywords: Time and Motion Study, Layout, Medium Scale Organisations.
49
A New Approach to Prevent (Process Initiated) Accidents in

Hazardous Process Industries
T.Selvakumar and T.Ramesh Babu

College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University,Chennai-600025, India.
“Process safety accidents can be prevented” –Thus starts the Baker panel report on
Texas City Refinery Accident 2005. For achieving this accident free operation,
enumerable techniques are made available by international research. Yet in
practice the achievement of accident free operation is a far horizon for the
Industrial world. The ongoing research on prevention of accidents and for
assessing the safety performance through indexing methods could not stop the
recurrence of accidents. Governmental regulations, guidelines and laws too failed
to achieve the requisite goal. Organisations such as HSE, OECD, AIChE, CCPS,
etc. bring out various techniques and methodologies to prevent and mitigate
dangerous occurrences. It seems that all these techniques are management oriented
and help the decision maker to arrive at a decision in isolation of the final element,
namely - the worker. This paper discusses a few frequently used and publicised
accident analysis models and comes out with a new approach of attacking the
problem at the bud itself instead of allowing the accident from taking place. This
model when practised will prevent the worker from unwittingly proceeding in the
direction of accident path and bring out situational awareness.
Keywords: Process Safety, awareness, Markovian, Accident prevention, situation

awareness.
50
Automotive Braking System for Passenger Vehicle to

Enhance Safety
C. Dineshkumar, Mohammed Shameer and Thariq Bilal Saravanan

BSAbdul Rahman Crescent University, Chennai-600048, India
Today most of the automotive modern vehicles depend on automotive safety to

reduce the damage and injury to the drivers and pedestrians. Automated safety
systems besides enhancing active safety devices due to an increased rate of
accidents in India. The statistics were conducted on the accident analysis and the
causes of an accident were investigated. The results suggested that many of these
accidents were caused by momentary inattention.Automatic braking technologies
combine sensors and brake controls to help prevent high-speed collisions. Some
automatic braking systems can prevent collisions altogether but most of them are
designed to simply reduce the speed of a vehicle before it hits something. Since
high-speed crashes are more likely to be fatal than low-speed collisions automatic
braking systems can save lives and reduce the amount of property damage that
occurs during an accident. Some of these systems provide braking assistanceto the
drive and others are actually capable of activating the brakes with no driver
input.Each car manufacturer has its own automatic braking system technology but
they all rely on some type of sensor input. Some of these systems use lasers others
use radar and some even use video data. The IR sensor input is used to determine
if there are any objects present in the path of the vehicle. If an object is detected,
the system can then determine if the speed of the vehicle is greater than the speed
of the object in front of it. A significant speed differential may indicate that a
collision is likely to occur in which case the system is capable of automatically
activating the brakes.The signal from the IR sensor which is connected to the
stepper motor which make the braking system to control at this situation.
However, automatic brakes can save your life if you ever suffer from a momentary
lapse in concentration. Automatic braking systems are primarily designed as a
safeguard against distracted drivingand the technology can also save lives if a
driver happens to fall asleep behind the wheel. Many drivers will never need to
make use of this type of system but it’s still a nice safety net to have.The concept
of this project is cost effective and can be used this in a passenger vehicle.
Keywords: Infrared Sensor, Solenoid, Stepper Motor.
51
Design of Workplace in Assembly Unit using

Ergonomic Principles
V. Arun and V. Manivel Muralidaran

Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore- 641049, India
Now-a-days most of the modern companies focus on achieving high productivity

through their normal routine work. The necessity to provide a large quantity of
products within a short period of time makes the workers to redeem their more
effort. This situation adapts the workers improperly designed workstation and
makes the workers suffer from high level of fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders
[MSD’s]. Ergonomic principles play a vital role in workers’ productivity. So, it is
necessary to take into account of ergonomic principles at the time of designing
industrial workstation. The objective of this study is to improve workers efficiency
with the reduction of cycle time thereby achieving high productivity. The study
was conducted on assembly and collection workstation of fasteners, involved in
actuators. Ergonomic study of these workstations was done by measuring the
reach zone between the worker and working area, workbench height and time
study during collection of fasteners. Findings from the study reveal that fixed
existing workstation at the company was not designed by considering ergonomic
principles. Moreover, a collection of fasteners is about 75 seconds and it is
reduced to 50 seconds by modifying the workstation.
Keywords: Ergonomics, Fatigue, Workstation design, Time, Productivity.
52
Risk Management in Production, Treatment and their

Disposal of Oil Field Produced Water
P. Rajagopal, K. Muthukumar and M. Velan

A.C. College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India.
Produced water(PW) extraction is inevitable as long as world’s economy runs
behind the fossil fuel. Produced water generated in oil field consisting of a number
of harmful chemicals which behave as pollutants. They include broadly aliphatic
and aromatic in-situ hydrocarbons, metals and salts, production and treatment
chemicals, injection and stimulation chemicals. They are harmful by causing
damage to man, material, machinery and environment if left unattended right at
the source. The sources of produced water are from (1) Conventional production
(CP), (2) Brown field production(BFP) and artificial lifting(AL), (3) Drilling and
workover fluid (DWF) (4) Injection water(IW), (5) Hydro fracking flowback(HF)
(6) Coal seam gas(CSG) or coal bed methane(CBM), (7) Shale gas(SG), (8) Steam
flooding (SF), Polymer flooding(PF) and in future probably Gas hydrates (GH).
Daily production of this PW is of the order of three times that of oil produced
worldwide and in some fields up to even 10 folds.
The composition of PWs at different sources can vary being location specific and
if discharged by accidental/intentional it pollutes the surface/underground water
and soil as well as marine lives by causes like (i) increase in the salinity,
temperature and reducing of dissolved O2 level, (ii) dispersion and dissolving of
heavy and light oil, (iii) pollution by compounds from treating chemicals, (iv)
heavy metals incursion and (v) in some locations introduction of radionuclides.
Since produced water is the major risk contributor to our mother earth from
upstream oil industries, every concern is necessary to evaluate the risk involved
while production, treatment and disposal and their management. The scope of this
paper is to analyse the production, treatment and disposal practices for PW in
upstream oil industries, to categorise various hazardous chemicals in-situ while oil
and gas extraction and also chemical compounds added in various processes and
their risk on the environment and their management. The treatment by means of
electro coagulation process and disposal regulations from Environmental
protection agencies (EPA) are also proposed to be covered.
Keywords: Produced Water, Risk, Pollutants, Salinity, Coagulation.
53
A Multilevel Risk Breakdown Structure for Drilling Process

Disruption Risk for Facilitating Risk Management
Gowri Rajagopal and Raju Ramasamy

Anna University, Chennai- 600025, India
The petroleum industry is one of the High – Risk Industry, where, the occurrence
of risk and its impact is prominent, as the processes involved in this sector are
sensitive to time, resource and finance. In the upstream segment of the petroleum
industry, the drilling phase is considered to be among the high - risk categories.
Even the smallest disruption could impact the process by increasing the
completion time, which, reflects tremendously on the utilization of 5 M's. Hence,
there is a greater requirement to develop and embed risk management measures to
mitigate the risks or at the least, reduce their impact on the drilling process. To
develop a suitable risk management measure, it is important to first identify the
possible issues in that induce such risk. This paper emphasises the need to
understand the process and identify related issues that induce the process
disruption risk in the drilling operation level. These issues and risks are identified
through literature survey and interaction with a domain expert group. With the
help of experts, a multilevel Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) was developed and
the identified issues and risks were represented in a hierarchically structured
manner to facilitate further study and analysis. The RBS would facilitate the risk
analyst, drilling engineer or the decision maker to get a preview of expectable
issues that could lead to process disruption.
Keywords: High Risk Industry, Risk Breakdown Structure, Risk identification,

Risk Mitigation, Risk management.
54
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Occupational Risk

Factors among Building Painters in South India
M. Shanmugam and B. K. Gnanavel

Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai- 602105, India
Building painters are at high risk for Musculo Skeletal Disorders (MSDs). The
occurrence of various risk factors among building painters due to painting work
has not been well described. The main objective of this study is to determine the
prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and risks among building painters in
South India.Cross-Sectional data were collected from 120 male building painters
in South India using modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ)
survey. The questions includes the demographic information, psychological
factors, medical history, work-related information, MSDs symptoms and severity
of MSDs .The statistical analyses were carried out and the highest prevalence of
MSDs among building painters was reported as 68.3%. The highest prevalence
rate has been found in the shoulder region (69.5%) and neck region (65.4%). It is
also evident that the less experienced (1-3 years) workers had experienced the
highest discomfort (81.2%) than other experienced groups. Repetitive task and
awkward postures were reported as highly contributing factor of MSDs among
building painters.The building painters who participated in this research were
found to possess both MSDs and ergonomic hazards. Results suggests that further
studies are needed to establish different preventive measures and ergonomics
intervention to reduce the risks of MSDs among building painters.
Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Building Painters, Ergonomic Risk

Factors, Discomfort.
55
Techniques and Strategies Minimizing Vehicular Road Accidents

towards Human Safety
Ashok G. Matani and Premesh P. Bhatkar

Government College of Engineering, Amravati-444604,India
An estimated 1.17 million deaths occur each year worldwide due to road
accidents. Pedestrian / vehicle accidents are the second largest source of traffic-
related injuries and fatalities after accidents involving only car passengers the
majority of these deaths in developing countries but the pattern of road-user
fatalities is the same in developed countries. 49 pedestrians were killed in road
accidents in Ireland in 2007 to the 20th of August out of a total of 216 road users
killed. Pedestrian detection is therefore essential to reduce this tragic level of
pedestrian injuries and fatalities.This paper highlights the significance of utilizing
sensors in minimizing vehicular road accidents in various parts of the world.
Keywords: Pedestrian Detection, UN Sustainable Development Goals,

Sustainable Transport Systems, İmaging Sensors Using Visible Light
Or İnfrared Radiation.
56
Intelligent Health Care System for Neurological Disorder

Prediction through Brain Connectome / Network Analysis
R. Geetha Ramani, R. Sahayamary Jabarani and D. George Washington

Anna University, Chennai-600025, India.
Health Care industry nowadays need automated approach for the diagnosis and
treatment of diseases. This automated approach using data mining methodologies
in medical analysis and diagnosis are extensive. It has tremendous effect in the
field of neurology, especially in the analysis of Brain, a complicated organ and are
much useful to Neurologists to detect and treat disorders. A serious brain
developmental disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) of Brain is identified
through automated approaches. For this purpose functional and structural
connectomes / network of brain are used. In this work Structural connectome of
brain is used for the diagnosis of ASD. The construction of structural connectomes
are being done from the neuro images (MRI, DTI, etc.,) and explored. Here, the
construction of structural connectomes are done from the Diffusion Tensor
Imaging of Typically Developing (TD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD),
and considered for classification of the typically developing and autism
developing group. Based on the parcellation methodology adopted by Power et.al.
(PowerNeuron_264 atlas) this connectome consists of 264 regions.There are
totally 69696 features representing connectivity between these brain regions. With
pre-processing the number of features are reduced to 34716. Mathematical models
utilizing feature selection procedures are applied on these features to extract the
relevant features for the classification. The extraction produce 1132 (1/6157th or
1.62% of original) features. The classification technique Support Vector Machine
(SVM) was applied on these features and the classifier is built. The classification
rules produced are utilized in the detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
and Typically Developing (TD) brain. The assessment of the classifier had been
done and found to be perfect. This proposed system has the highest possible
accuracy to detect the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Typically
Developing (TD) brain. This system can surely influence the neurological health
care and the same methodology can be used in detection of other diseases, Region
role, influential region nodes, region wise alteration etc., and in turn helps to get a
better health care system.
Keywords: Health care, Data mining, Brain regions, Features, diseases.
57
Standard Task Duration Calculation and Ergonomic Analysis of

Human Jack in Engine Assembly
G. Deenadayalan 1 and S.P. Srinivasan2

1
Veltech Dr RR Dr SR R&D Institute of S & T, Chennai- 600053, India
2
Rajalakshmi Engineering College Chennai-600062, India
Considering the prevalence of simulation modeling in production design,

integrating ergonomic safety considerations into simulation models can help
production planners. They can identify and prevent ergonomic risks before
workers encounter unsafe conditions, in addition to productivity improvements.
This study integrates ergonomic analysis into simulation modeling by developing
a simulation modeling template that enables simultaneous estimation of the
standard duration of manual activities, as well as biomechanical risk factors
involved in the production design Simulation modeling is an effective tool for
design and planning of assembly operations. A digitalized model representing a
physical system allows prediction of the system performance in a real world
application, as well as understanding of the system behavior under various
conditions. . As a case study, the proposed methodology is to be implemented in
an engine assembly operation and the results confirm the validity of the approach
in identifying ergonomic risks associated with a production design
Keywords: Ergonomic Analysis, Simulation Modeling, Bio-mechanical risk.
58
Investigation of Stuck Pipe Problem in Oil Drilling

Process using Fault Tree Analysis
Balaganesh Chandran and Gowri Rajagopal

College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India.
During oil drilling process several problems are encountered such as stuck pipe,
loss of circulation, path deviation, borehole instability, mud contamination and
personnel related problems. Stuck pipe is one of the major problem faced
frequently leading to non productive time that result in huge financial loss. The
Objective of this work is to minimize the occurrence of stuck pipe frequency by
analyzing the mechanisms that causes stuck pipe. The various sub causes for each
mechanism have been identified from the literature and expert discussion.
Probability of occurrence of each elemental cause has been calculated using the
responses provided by the experts. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is used to calculate
the probability of each mechanism that causes stuck pipe. FTA has been
performed using the data obtained from the questionnaire and the result of FTA
shows that the high probability of stuck pipe occurrences is due to differential
pressure pipe stuck compared to other mechanisms. Impact Probability Matrix
(IPM) is one of the Qualitative risk assessment method has been used to identify
the major cause for each mechanism that causes stuck pipe. IPM shows that the
main reason for differential pressure stuck pipe is due to poor filter cake and the
main reason for the mechanical stuck pipe is due to improper hole cleaning.
Continuous monitor on filter cake properties and proper hole cleaning reduces the
occurrence of stuck pipe.
Keywords: Oil drilling, Stuck pipe, Fault Tree Analysis, Impact Probability
Matrix.
59
Ergonomic Design to Reduce the Physiological Effects

on Bus Drivers
S. Marthandam, K. Padmanabhan Panchu and V. Kamala

College of Engineering, Guindy, Chennai-600025,India
The driving of public transport buses for longer routes is a very complex and
challenging task. The professional driver’s awkward work postures significantly
affect the driver’s performance and health. The harmful effects to the driver’s
health originate from driving the vehicle for long hours and at irregular shifts. The
work posture significantly contributes to the mental and physiological fatigue of
the drivers. In order to increase the quality of the life of professional drivers, it is
necessary to design the cabin for public transport buses. The aim of this study is to
an ergonomic design that reduces physiological effects on bus drivers. Further,
this research has two section used to measure general fatigue and work-related
fatigue. For this cross-sectional study, the 48 Tamil Nadu State Transport
Corporation Bus Drivers answered this two-part of questionnaires. The first stage
measured by the subjective fatigue scale of the checklist of individual strength.
Human body dimension and Anthropometry are measured using second part of the
questionnaires. The questionnaire is used to measures the work stress, daily hours
driving and driver’s age, weight, and height. As the conclusion, fatigue constitutes
a relevant factor to be taken into account to design interventions for improving the
working conditions by using ErgoFellow software.
Keywords:Ergonomics, Total Energy Expenditure, RULA, Suzanne

Rodgers,Anthropometry.
60
Improving Productivity through Ergonomic Study
N. Arunachalam, U. Pradeep and V. Kamala

College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University,Chennai-600025,India.
Productivity is one among the major key factor to the manufacturing companies to
represent their own production capability in front customers to sustain their places
in the market. But the fast moving world need the production without any kind of
rejection. In these days industries earns profit to their organisation by eliminating
wastes through all possible ways. However the ergonomic study helps to improve
the productivity by optimized work and defines the principle of proper working
without affecting the organization as well as the working employees in the shop
floor. The major objective of this study is to find the root causes for the poor
productivity and to find the suitable alternatives to improve the productivity by
reduced employee fatigue and cycle time through ergonomic concern for the
product Brush Gear (BG) Ring in the pneumatic machine.
Keywords: Productivity, Ergonomics, Cycle time, Employee fatigue, pneumatics.
61
Ranking and prioritising the human factors using

Fuzzy-TOPSIS for nuclear power plants
M. Karthick 1, V. S. Sunitha 2, T. Paul Robert 2 and C. Senthil Kumar 1
1
Safety Research Institute, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Kalpakkam-
603102,India 2 Anna University, Chennai-600025,India
A significant number of catastrophic accidents occur primarily due to human
factors in safety critical applications viz., aviation, chemical and nuclear
industries. Despite high reliable equipment and sophisticated safety management,
nuclear power plants are still finding it difficult to reduce human errors. The cause
of human errors is difficult to comprehend, such as employees' own psychological
and physiological factors, training, poor organizational systems and poor social
environment. Recent studies on accident statistics in nuclear industry indicates
that human error is a primary contributor of more than 50% of the accidents and
cognitive factors are the major root cause of human errors. There is no formal
causal model to incorporate cognitive factors of human behaviour and to
categorize the human factors in human reliability. Generally, Multi Criteria
Decision Making (MCDM) is used to rank or prioritize the factors in many
applications. Though number of MCDM techniques are available, most of the
conventional MCDM methods seem to be insufficient for comprehensive analysis
of human factor aspects during an accident. This is due to the vagueness and
complexity in modelling cognitive characteristics. Further, the high degree of
uncertainty and variability that characterizes the plant operating environment
increases the complexity. In this study, a Fuzzy – Technical order preference by
similarity to ideal solution (F-TOPSIS) approach is proposed to prioritize human
factors in an operating environment scenario. Human, Organizational and
Technological (HOT) factors viz., person's capabilities, organizational attitudes,
mental ability as well as the quality of instructions and human-machine interface
are considered. The concept of Fuzzy-TOPSIS is employed in this study to
prioritize the human factors affecting performance in working environment The
study highlights a need to look more closely at HOT factors when investigating
the incidents. The proposed method is applied for human error minimization in
nuclear industry.
Keywords:Multi- Criteria Decision Making, Fuzzy- TOPSIS, Human Cognitive
Factors.
62
A Review on Risk Assessment in Software Projects
S.K.Kumaran, Somasudram and R.Dillibabu,

College Of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India
Software development models are various process or methodologies that are being
selected for the development of the project depending on the project’s aim and
goals. This paper describe about risk assessment of software projects risk is a
probability of occurrence of unwanted and harmful event of projects. Risk
assessment in software management is a strategy that is used to estimate and
ensuring proper function. The software process without failure. The major risk
occurrences in software management are “time to market, over budget, Design
failure etc. This paper extract and extensive research approach of detailed review
list, Risk, Risk tree and Naive Bayes methodology, Assessment model, moreover
it can help software risk management process. The likelihood of producing high
quality and successful software products and increase the competitiveness of
firms.
Keywords: Risk assessment, Naive Bayes, Risk tree.
63
Human Error Probability Estimation Methods for

Safety Critical Applications - A Comparative Assessment
M. Karthick1, C. Senthilkumar1 and T. Paul Robert2

1
Safety Research Institute, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board,
Kalpakkam-603102,India
2
Anna University, Chennai-600025,India
Technological advancements have enabled us to incorporate automation and

control with advanced human machine interface in safety critical systems. Thus,
high reliable systems are built and deployed in industries which has resulted in
large reduction of technological related errors. Despite these measures, a number
of recent industrial accidents point to the continued need to improve safety.
Statistics reveal that 60-70% of the accidents in various industries viz., aviation,
chemical and marine and 50% of accidents in nuclear industries originate from
human errors. Human error has been recognized as one of the main risk factors in
Nuclear Power Plant and Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) has become a major
activity in safety assessments. In NPP, human errors in diagnosis and execution of
tasks have significant impact on plant safety. Human error prediction is always a
difficult task and more so in the nuclear domain since it is very difficult to obtain
empirical data. Human error data is scarcely available for different reasons among
which, lapses in historical database and privacy are often observed. Tremendous
effort is required to model human errors in system reliability estimation. Several
HRA methods are adopted to model and estimate human error probability.
However, there is no consensus on a single method due to lack of procedure, lack
of update and suitability of the model. The computational models do not
sufficiently consider human factors involved in nuclear power plant operations.
HRA in NPPs are performed under three categories of human actions viz., pre-
initiators, initiators and post initiators. The likelihood of human error and
suitability of the HRA model selection for post-initiator human actions is
demonstrated in this study. The HRA models viz., Technique for Human Error
Rate Prediction (THERP), Standardized Plant Analysis Risk –HRA (SPAR-H) and
64
Human Cognitive Reliability (HCR) have been employed in a case study of safety
critical application of heat removal systems. The results of the study hold promise
for proactive measures to prevent human error and would enable the researcher to
select appropriate HRA model for specific accident scenario. The outcome of this
paper can be utilized by field and control room operators to minimize
thelikelihood of human error in executing a specific task and to enhance overall
levels of safety in nuclear industry.
Keywords: Human Reliability Analysis models, Cognitive Errors, Safety critical

systems.
65
Evaluation of Asset Integrity Management Model on Safety

Performance in a Metal Smelting Industry
Rekha Sharma1 and Pratheeba Paul2

1
ERM India Private Limited, New Delhi- 122002,India
2
Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai-603 103, India
The management of physical assets plays a vital role in determining the

operational performance, safety and profitability of an industry. Assets must
perform efficiently to ensure safe and reliable operation in order to achieve the
goals of a manufacturing organization. Asset Integrity is the ability of an asset to
perform its intended function without breakdowns while protecting the Health,
Safety and the Environment (HSE). An asset has integrity when it is operated and
maintained sothat the combination of the probability of failure and the
consequence of failure makes the risk to people and environment as low as
possible. Asset Integrity Management (AIM) assures physical asset inetgrity,
safegaurding HSE while optimizing lifecycle asset performance and supporting
regulatory compliance. AIM programme incorporates design, maintenance,
inspection, operations and management philosophy, since all these disciplines
impact the integrity of infrastructure and equipment. There is a need to develop an
effective Integrity Management framework to ensure that the people, processes,
systems and resources are in place, in use and fit for purpose over the entire
lifecycle of the physical asset. In this study, an Asset Integrity Management model
to evaluate the safety performance at a metal smelting industry is proposed. The
industry is involved in mining and refining ore to produce non-ferrous metals. The
objective of the study is to analyze the impact of Asset Integrity programme on
the overall safety performance of the organization. A questionnaire is designed to
capture information related to the attributes of HSE management control systems.
The study revealed that HSE management controls have been established and
implemented in the industry. However, there appears to be a lack of improvement
66
in the safety performance due to frequent equipment failures and risks involved in
the emergency shut-down scenarios. Collated data on the existing maintenance
practices indicate that the organization has to determine an optimal frequency of
inspection, maintenance and replacements based on the equipment
suppliers/manufacturer’s recommendations and Indian Statutory and Regulatory
requirements.
Keywords: HSE, Asset Integrity Management (AIM).
67
A Multivariate Analysis in Break Even and Total Productivity

Measures A Management Perspective in Textile fabric industry
Sivakumar Annamalai1, N. Bagath Singh2,

Jeevetha Thirunavukkarasu1and S. Saravanakmar3
1
Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai,Erode-638060, India.
2
Chettinad College of Engineering and Technology, Karur, India.
3
Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Engineering College,Perambalur-621212, India.
Amongst the numerous process industries, it is appraised that more than 900
processing fabric industries are exaggerated, incompletely closed and shut off for
various reasons such as poor management, poor supplier performance, lack of
planning for productivity, fluctuation of output, poor investment, waste analysis,
labour problems, capital / labour ratio, gathering of stocks, poor preservation of
possessions, shortages in the excellence of fabric, low capacity utilization, age of
plant and equipment, high investment and input but low throughput, poor research
and development, lack of energy, workers’ fear of loss of jobs, work force mix
and work ethic. The main objective of this work is to analyze the remaining
conditions in textile fabric sector, validate the breakeven of Total Productivity
(TP), analyze, design and implement a robust framework for enhancement of
productivity and quality magnitudes in the fabric processing industry. It needs to
be attuned with the reality of textile and fabric processing industries. The
extremely risk events from productivity and quality dimension were originated by
fuzzy systems and results are wrapped up amongst the textile fabric processing
industry.
Keywords: Break even, Total Productivity,Throughput cycle, Fuzzy framework

system, Theory of constraint, Efficiency evaluation.
68
State of the Art Research in Additive Manufacturing Processes
R. Karthikeyanand P. Pitchipoo
PSR Engineering College, Sivakasi-626140, India.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an emerging technology which requires

involvement of more research work for the improvement in its effective
utilisation. In this process, the conceptual design of any product is developed,
converted into a stereolithography file consisting of layers of triangular sections,
and the solid model can be built. AM is a process by which solid model of the
CAD data was built. Creating and editing the CAD model becomes easier as it
supports CRT, MRI scan data and Photographic images and by Mimics software,
etc.Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is an important AM process. It builds the
model by heating the material to its viscous stage and depositing the same on a
moveable platform for each layer by 2D scanning until the complete model was
built with the specified incremental layer thickness.The global association among
CAD designers, healthcare experts, and the fabricators via communication
protocols and the development in Internet of Things (IoT), made this AM process
more effective, suitable for wide applications and less costly. In this paper, various
AM processes were studied, and the salient features of AM process were observed
along with their process parameters, properties of input materials, accuracy level
achieved, etc.
Keywords: Additive Manufacturing (AM),Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM),

STereoLithography (STL), 3D Printing, and process parameters.
69
An Empirical Study on Healthcare Establishments through

Integrated approach
D.Gopi1, A.Pal Pandi2, T. Ramesh Babu1,

K.P.Paranitharan1 and R.Rajasekaran3
1
2
BharathNiketan Engineering College, Aundipatti-625531, India
3
ULTRA College of Engineering and Technology for Women,
Madurai-625104, India
In today’s highly competitive environment, Health care establishments HCEs like

hospitals and health centers are focusing on service quality, as a measure to face
the competition. With advances in medical sciences, growing competition and
varying patient expectations, managing health care systems have become
cumbersome process as they need to maintain an optimum balance between the
available resources and stakeholders’ expectations. Earlier studies categorized
healthcare delivery into three aspects: structure, process and outcome. One
definition of quality health care is “getting the health care services you need, using
the appropriate test or procedure, when you need it and to the right person at
affordable cost”. There is a strong doubt that, whether the present quality system
practice effectively serve the stakeholders. A simple and an effective mechanism
to satisfy all the stakeholders and customers would be an integrated model. As
there is lack of integrated model practice the authors developed a conceptual
model namely Integrated Quality Healthcare System (IQHS) with ten important
critical factors. The ten important critical factors of IQHS are: Top Management
Commitment, Customer Satisfaction, Health Care Work Force, Health Care
Infrastructure, Corporate Social Responsibility, Knowledge Management,
Hospital Culture, Health Care Insurance Programme, system for Sustainability,
Hospital Environment. The IQHS model helps in achieving global healthcare
quality service as it integrates various global management practices such as Lean
Management, Six Sigma, ISO 9001:2008 QMS, ISO 14001:2000 EMS, OHSAS
18001:2007 and TQM concepts. The objective of this paper is to discuss the
70
IQHS practice in HCEs in Tamil Nadu, India through the perception of

stakeholders. The authors conclude that the contextual relationships of the ten
critical factors were found to be the significant drivers of quality performance and
sustainability in HCEs which will satisfy the needs of the stakeholders thus
leveraging quality of healthcare system.
Keywords: Health Care Establishments, Service Quality, Critical Factors.
71
Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Practice in

Manufacturing Industry: A Structured Review
S. P. Dhilipan1,A.Pal Pandi2,K.P.Paranitharan3 and D.Gopi4

1
IIIT, Kancheepuram-600127, India.
2
BharathNiketan Engineering College, Aundipatti-625531, India.
3
4
ULTRA College of Engineering and Technology for Women,
Madurai-625104, India.
The consequence of globalization mostly changed the culture of people in

manufacturing and service industries and has laid the path to socioeconomic
development. This created a shift from traditional manufacturing process to smart
and sustainable manufacturing process. Now-a-days manufacturing industries are
eager to introduce new technologies to improve quality, efficiency of resources,
reduce risks, and increase productivity to remain flexible, standardized and
replicable for survival and sustenance in the market. Hence, the responsibility of
the manufacturing industries is to meet the customers’ needs through
implementation of smart and sustainable manufacturing system to attain
manufacturing excellence. Manufacturing excellence creates an opportunity to
become highly competitive in global marketplace with rapidly changing customer
expectations, and pressures the organizations towards continuous innovation. The
objective of this paper is to study the literature review regarding practice of Smart
manufacturing and sustainable manufacturing concepts namely ISO 9000 Quality
Management System, Total Quality Management, Total Productive Maintenance,
Six Sigma (DMAIC), Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Knowledge Management,
Lean Manufacturing, Agile Manufacturing, Green Manufacturing Fit
Manufacturing, ISO 14000 Environmental Management System, Occupational
Health and Safety Management System (ISO 18001) and Corporate Social
Responsibility in industries and to explore the relationship between these
sustainable practices and industries’ performance namely financial performance,
operational performance, innovation performance, environmental performance,
72
and social performance. This paper conclude that many of the manufacturing
industries have failed to adopt sustainable manufacturing concepts in the form of
integrated approach to attain sustainability but they are practicing these concepts
individually in various manufacturing setup across the globe. At the same time,
the Smart and sustainable manufacturing concepts are adopted in full-fledged
manner in the form of comprehensive integrated approach and gets benefitted in
developed countries like USA, Japan and UK.
Keywords: Smart Manufacturing, Sustainable Manufacturing, Quality

Management Systems.
73
Analysis of the Assembly line for the Automation

of Globe Valve Manufacturing
P.Parthiban1, G.Sundararaj2 and P.Maniiarasan1

1
Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641105, India
2
PSG College of Technology,Coimbatore- 641004, India
The Assembly lines are considered as the fundamental part of the manufacturing
process in the case of mass production. Automation of the assembly line is the
significant area of interest in the current scenario. Though the assembly lines are
traditional, several developments took place, to instill the flexibility, which made
it robust. These give rise to the essential decision problem called, the line
balancing, which has to be solved before introducing the automation. It consists of
distributing the product to be assembled among the workstations along the line.
Assembly line balancing research has traditionally focused on the simple assembly
line balancing problem which has some restricting assumptions. In this paper, a
new layout has been developed for the assembly line automation for Globe
Valves, by considering the line balancing algorithms. Since the manual assembly
line did not meet the demand, a new automated assembly line is proposed to meet
the industrial demand.
Keywords: Globe Valve, Line balancing, Smoothness Index, Automation, Witness,

Simulation.
74
Productivity Improvement by Lead Time Reduction in Foundry

through Value Stream Mapping Technique
K. Manikanda Prasath and S. Vignesh

Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore- 641049,India.
Value stream mapping is a visual representation tool amid lean techniques, which
often by the Toyota Production System. It is an analyzing method used to
determine the stream of materials flow and summarizing them visually. Value
stream involves both non-value and value-added activities needed to bring every
action in the streamlining of production flow from raw materials to the finished
products to the customer. It is used to find the hidden wastes and root causes in the
production process. A current statemap shows the exiting process. Then, a future
state map is developed for flow process through the reduction of wastage can be
achieved. In this work, for a casting foundry the current state maps are drawn from
the results of detailed time study of the process starting from raw materials to the
finished product. After trailing the whole process, wastage affecting the cycle time
is identified and it is to be reduced by proper scheduling and removing of non-
value activities. A future state map is drawn and further improved and ideas are
suggested for improvements are implemented. Value stream mapping provided
bettermethod to minimize the cycle time for an increase in productivity and
improved customer satisfaction.
Keywords: Current State Map, Cycle Time, Future State Map, Productivity
75
A Bi-Objective Manufacturing cell Design Model

using Genetic Algorithm
C.R.Shiyas, B.Radhika and G.R.Vineetha

Cochin University College of Engineering Kuttanadu, Pulincunnoo,
Kerala -688504, India
A mathematical model is presented in this paper for the design of cellular

manufacturing systems with the route matrix as input. The optimization model is
bi-objective in nature to minimize the number of voids and intercell moves. The
two objectives are conflicting in nature.Since the input to the model is the route
matrix which considers the sequence of operation of parts, there is a direct impact
in the calculation of intercell moves, which is one of the objectives. A void
represents the number of machines not required by a part to process in the cell in
which it belongs. The model comprises of a Genetic Algorithm for finding the
optimum solution. Here different weights are assigned with the two conflicting
objectives which lead to multiple solutions to the model. A part family formation
procedure is also used in the model for the formation of complete manufacturing
cell design. The algorithm is coded in MATLAB which comprises the genetic
algorithm part for machine cell formation and the part family formation. The
proposed model is tested with some standard problems from the literature and
giving good results. In view of the fact that multiple configurations are possible in
this model there exists flexibility for the designer to select appropriate
configuration from many by considering practical situations.
Keywords: Cellular manufacturing systems, Cell design, Genetic algorithm.
76
Development of PLC Based Pneumatic Articulated Robot

for Sorting Operations
B.Ramkumar, R.Ramesh, K.Venkatesh,

S.Valai Ganeshand S. Rajakarunakaran
Ramco Institute of Technology, Rajapalayam-626117, India.
In automation industries PLC based Pick and place robots automate the process of
picking parts up and placing them in new locations. With many end-of-arm-
tooling options available, pick and place robots can be customized to fit specific
production requirements. The proposed pneumatic articulated robot is used to Pick
and Place the objects on the conveyor belt based on input received from Optical
sensor (to identify the presence of the object) and Metal detecting sensor (to
identify the input material is metal/non-metal) and placing it in a specific location
(output conveyor). This pick and place robot consist of four cylinders which are
actuated with the help of pneumatic systems. This robot is using a pneumatic
picking arm to pick the particular object from the conveyor belt and place it
according to the metal and non-metal conveyor without any intervention of human
presence. The input and output conveyors are actuated by motor drive
arrangements. Finray gripper is used to grasp from input conveyor and release the
object in output conveyor. The major advantage of the developed robot is an
adaptive finray gripper design which is specially designed to handle the objects
with irregular shapes. This will lead to faster operation in industries.
Keywords: Pick and Place Robot, Optical sensor, Pneumatic Articulated Robot,
PLC, Finray Gripper
77
Complete Similarity Measure Mathematical

Modelfor Cell Layout Design
S.Ramesh1, N.Arunkumar2 and R.Vijayaraj3

1
2
St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai-600119, India
3
Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Engg. & Tech, Chennai-603104, India.
The presented mathematical model is used to form machine cells, optimize costs
of exceptional elements and designs the shop floor layout for various demands of
components to have minimal material movements. The complete similarity
measure algorithm forms machine cells and part families in a refined form. Later,
exceptional elements are eliminated in optimization model by using machine
duplication and part subcontract. Then the shop floor layout is designed to have
optimized material movements between cells and within a cell. The performance
evaluation of cell formation algorithm is done on the benchmark problems of
various batch sizes to give the process capability compared with other similar
methods. The result from a linear programming optimization model is cost
savings, machines duplicated, parts subcontracted, inter intra cellular movements.
Finally, the output of inbound facility design is the floor layout which has machine
cell clusters with optimized floor area.
Keywords: Complete similarity measure, P.A.R.I. algorithm, Exceptional

elements, Grouping efficiency, Machine Utilization, Machine
duplication, Parts subcontract, Cell layout design.
78
Pick by Vision in Inventory and Material Management in

Comparative with Pick by Light and Pick by Voice
S.Summil and S.Umamaheswari

Sathyabama University Chennai- 600119, India
Order picking is one of the basic important activity of warehouse, the purpose of
this paper is to introduce a five paperless picking system .To bring a simplification
in order pick in the warehouse this paper deals with one of such technology called
pick by the vision which could overcome the technical systems of pick by light
and pick by voice. The head mount display gives information visualization as an
augmented reality. this technology is framed for the flexibility of employee and
less mechanical operation which give a better result of order picking with good
efficiency in the warehouse. The study in this paper deal with the real warehouse
inventory and a comparative study by using pick by a vision to show the better
efficiency in picking the order than pick by light and pick by voice.
Keywords: HMD- Head Mounded Display, AR-Augmented Reality, Pick by

vision.
79
Cost Optimisation on Inventory in a Manufacturing Company
G. Anandh1, T. Paul Robert1 and V. Ganesh2

1
Anna University, Chennai – 600 025, India
2
Astrotech Steels Private Limited, Chennai – 600 034, India
Inventory can be seen either as an asset or as a liability. A firm needs a strong

business acumen in maintaining inventory level to satisfy the customer
requirement on time. As a trade-off between capital cost and customer
satisfaction, any firm needs to work on from this aspect. Most of the industries do
not calculate inventory carrying cost and ordering cost, they use rough estimates
to determine lot size of an order. This leads to inaccurate lot size which may not
suit for practical cases. In this study, carrying cost and ordering cost are evaluated
using historical real-time data of a collated nail manufacturing company. A logical
approach is sketched with certain assumptions after conducting brain storming
sessions with top executives of that company. A methodology is formulated using
Microsoft Excel to predict the lot size for future requirement. Thus optimising the
cost held with inventory for future customers’ demand which is the main objective
of this study.
Keywords: Inventory management, Carrying cost, Ordering cost, Economic

Order Quantity.
80
Construction Schedule Management based on BIM technology
V. S. Aashly, J. S. Lekshmi , Muktha Rose Gimmy,

Sandra G. Raj and Pradeep Kumar
Government Engineering college, Kottayam-686501,India
Construction scheduling is a very demanding and time intensive process. Schedule

management in the traditional mode will be affected by the natural environment,
the objective environment and the subjective environment, leading to the
interruption or obstruction in the construction process. The high probability of
inaccurate manual building inspections plus the lack of real-time input of dynamic
factors urges development of automated BMS (Building Management System). It
links scheduling information and parametric object models to understand what is
to be built when. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is widely viewed as the
next evolutionary step in construction scheduling. It is important for planning and
scheduling as it provides significant support for this difficult assignment. Further,
improvements can be achieved by applying predefined process templates for BIM-
based schedules. BIM aids the timely monitoring progress in the completion of
the plan, construction quality and safety issues, recording defects on the spot,
integrating data and associating model, timely rectifying or repairing defects, and
then checking the project. It can reduce the planning time and thus increase the
productivity. The high probability of inaccurate manual building inspections plus
the lack of real-time input of dynamic factors urges development of automated
BMS (Building Management System). BIM plays a key role towards automation
in construction and corresponding management systems. Despite the n-
dimensional capability of BIM enabling its potential practice during building
lifecycle phases, designers and contractors focus primarily on the application of
BIM during design construction management stages.
Keywords: BIM, Scheduling, Quality, Management.
81
GWO Metaheuristic Method Used To Minimization of

Makespan By Identical Parallel Machine Scheduling
Problem Compared With GA
K. Somasundaram1, Dr. M. Saravanan2, B.K.Vikneshkannan1

1
Theni Kammavar Sangam College of Technology, Theni -625534, India.
2
SSM Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dindigul=624002, India.
This paper presents scheduling of identical parallel machine with an objective to

minimize the makespan. This has been considered for the makespan (maximum
completion time of all the jobs). For scheduling the identical parallel machines,
makespan parameter is considered. In order to obtain the above objective, Grey
Wolf Optimizer (GWO). GWO is the new metaheuristic method, used to solve the
problem. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been tested by the
various test problems taken from the literature and the computational results are
also compared with Genetic Algorithm (GA). The computational results show that
GWO outperforms the GA.
Keywords: Scheduling, Identical parallel machine, Makespan,Grey Wolf

Optimizer.
82
Disruptive Innovation as a Sustainable and Competitive Business

Strategy The Case of Indian Low Cost Carriers
C. Madhusudan and R. Panneerselvam

Pondicherry University, Pondicherry- 605014,India
Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation has proved very useful in

understanding why some well managed companies fail and at the same time it is
also capable of being used as a business strategy for achieving sustainable
industrial competitiveness. In the commercial aviation business, Low Cost
Carriers (LCC) have proven to be a tricky but successful business model in both
US and Europe. In all cases, LCCs have disrupted the existing incumbents and
taken away a sizeable market share from them. Christensen’s theory of disruptive
innovation is applied in this work to study the evolution of Indian LCCs. The
success of Indian LCCs as well as the struggles and failure of the incumbents are
evaluated through a proposal 4-Stage Disruption Framework. It is found that
Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation provides a coherent explanation for
not only the disruption of the Indian incumbent airlines but also the subsequent
evolution of the surviving LCCs on a sustainable and competitive trajectory. The
proposed 4-Stage Disruption Framework offers a new and simpler insight for
understanding the process of disruption.
Keywords: Disruptive Innovation; Low Cost Carriers; Disruption Framework.
83
A Study on Application of Lean Six Sigma Techniques to

Optimise the Assembly Process for a Pump Manufacturing
Unit in Coimbatore
V. Kannan
Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore- 641049, India.
Value stream mapping is a lean tool which refers to all activities in understanding
the process of designing, manufacturing and delivering goods and services to
customers. Value stream maps are a special type of process maps which represent
all the actions in the manufacturing process that includes work in process, value
added and non value added actions required to produce the finished goods. The
main objective of the study was to draw the current state map for the assembly of
4” submersible borewell pumps,to identify and reduce the non value added
activities, to propose a future state to reduce the total lead time, total cycle time,
work in process, number of operators and also to increase the product line
efficiency. Defects in the assembly line of 4” submersible bore well pumps and
motors were calculated by means of DPMO and the root causes for defects were
found and alternatives to prevent these defects were suggested.
Keywords: Value Stream Mapping, Takt Time, DPMO, Six Sigma, Operator
Balance Chart.
84
Application of Kano, Lean and FMEA Model in Feed

Products - A Review
L.Sudha and L. Hansa Lysander Manohar

Feed cost represents the major item in the cost of animal production. Without a
doubt, effortswill continue to refine feed processing techniques to reduce the cost
of feed and to increase thevalue of feed for a target animal. The possibilities for
improvements in feed processing areendless; however, the cost of each innovation
must be carefully weighed against demonstratedimprovements in animal
performance.In some cases, changes in feed processing technology will be
dictated, not by the animal response,but by other motivations such as regulatory
guidelines or human health concerns. A case in points the use of hydro-thermal
processes, such as pelleting, extrusion, or roasting to reduce themicrobiological
load in the feed. These processes have been demonstrated to reduce
microbialpopulation to near zero, but may have little or no impact on human
health risk.Quality of food of animal origin is nowadays a predominant keyword
for everyone in society, basically the consumer andthe policymaker, but also the
producer and the specialist of animal production. Because of an increasing
diversity in the number of species involved and of products marketed fresh or
processed, quality of animal products has received manydefinitions and
understandings. Agro-Based industries play a vital role in India to increase
employment and livelihood opportunities. Applications of various quality
assurance model play a significant role in developing a quality product with less
cost and reduced time. In particular Kano, Lean and FMEA model plays a vital
role in increasing the productivity of any product. This paper outlines the
application of KANO, Lean and Process FMEA to agro-based (feed products)
industry is the need of the hour. A thorough literature of these models, application,
benefits and gaps are outlined in this paper A need for the integration of these
models for the agro industry is emphasized.
Keywords: KANO, Lean, Process FMEA and Quality Assurance.
85
Introduction of Industrial Engineering in

Cottage Industries: A Case Study
L.R.Chandru and V.Thanabal

Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam- 638401, India.
Coir yarn, an eco-friendly and sustainable material is produced in the Cottage

Industries sector in India. The Coir yarn producing industry requires the
application of industrial engineering techniques to improve quality and
productivity of coir yarn manufacture, which will in turn boost exports. The paper
deals with the study and efforts that have resulted in a significant improvement in
quality and 30% improvement in productivity.
Keywords: Coir, Coir yarn spinning, Cottage industry, Quality, Productivity.
86
Lean Manufacturing Principle Applications in Manufacturing

Industry- Value Stream Mapping Tool
S.Mahendran and A.Senthil kumar

University college of Engineering, Panruti-607106, India
Manufacturing industries are highly competitive and advanced techniques are

used. Nowadays lean manufacturing is the best principle used in most of the
automobile and production industries. In this article, automobile industry is
selected for case study and manufacturing line B is suitable for implementation of
lean principle. The various process sequences grinding machine, groove grinding
machine, centre lathe, undercut machine, centerless grinding machine, seat
grinding machine, drilling machine and final slotting machine are taken for lean
implementation.Takt time is computed based on total available time per demand
and is equal to 8.62 secs. Value stream mapping, 5s principle and kanban card are
the various tools used to reduce the wastage and increase the efficiency of the
industry. Before implementation of lean tools, the current status of value stream
mapping diagram of the manufacturing line B is drawn. The future state of value
stream mapping diagram is drawn. Value added time is reduced from 1488 to
1130 secs. Non-value added time is reduced from 198 to 40.2 mins. The tool-
changeover time is reduced from 15.66 to 11.3 mins. The total inventory is
reduced from 1320 to 862. The percentage value addition is increased from
70.17% to 78.32%.The overall efficiency of the industry is increased.
Keywords:Value stream mapping, 5s principle, Kanban card, Value added and

non value added time, Percentage value addition.
87
Application of RBM Strategy to Enhance the

Productivity in an Induction Furnace in a Casting Industry
S.Balamurugan and T. R.Sukumar

Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore-641049, India
The unexpected failures, the downtime associated with such failures, the loss of
production and, the higher maintenance costs are major problems in any process
plant. Risk-based maintenance (RBM) approach helps in designing an alternative
strategy to minimize the risk resulting from breakdowns or failures. Adapting a
risk-based maintenance approach is essential in developing cost-effective
maintenance policies.This study presents a method to assess the hazard level and
risk involved in Induction furnace used in auto components casting industry. It
works at the high temperature around 1500°C. As per Occupational health and
safety management system – Requirements with guidance for use ( IS18001:2007
First revision) defined by Bureau of Indian standards , New Delhi, it is required to
enable an Organization for formulating a policy to protect its employees and
others whose health and safety may be affected by the activities in the
organization. Risk based maintenance (RBM) approach is used for analysis.
Keywords: Hazard, Risk assessment, RBM, Casting industry,Induction furnace.
88
Approximation of Two Dimensional Availability

Function and its Application
Y.Sarada and R. Shenbagam

This research article proposes a simple approximation for a two – dimensional

availability function, which is an extension of univariate availability function and
is based on moments. An availability function can be expressed in terms of the
renewal equation. An analytical solution of such an integral equation has not been
discussed in the literature. Further, an application of the proposed model to
warranty is used to test the approximations.
Keywords: Two- dimensional availability function, Approximation, Free

replacement warranty policy.
89
Lead Time Reduction in Rotor Manufacturing

Process Through Value Stream Mapping
A.P.Arun, S.Arjun Krishna and Veeraparthiban

To make a recognition in today’s competitive world, companies look to satisfy

customer demand through low costs, less lead time and high customer service
levels. Companies are keen on reducing their manufacturing lead time by
implementing lean philosophy. This paper shows the implementation of value
stream mapping technique in rotor assembly process in a motor manufacturing
company. It focuses on product family, current state mapping and improvements
in future state map. Thevalue stream mapping tool is used to gather information
about activities in the rotor assembly process and identifies the major wastes and
steps to overcome them. The main aim is to identify waste in the form of non
value added activities occuring in the entire rotor assembly process.Identified
waste is eliminated by converting the manufacturing process to pull system by
applying the lean strategy as Kanban. Current state mapping is done to analyse the
existing condition and various problems. By analysis the current state, a Future
state map is prepared to show the proposed action plans for improvement. Value
stream mapping techniques helps to reduce lead time, cycle time and inventory
level in the entire rotor manufacturing process.
Keywords: Value stream mapping, Kanban, Lead time reduction, Cycle Time,
Productivity.
90
Application of DMAIC Methodology with TRIZ in

Yarn Manufacturing
V.R.Muruganantham, P.Muraleedharan, K.K.Arun and R. Sedhu Siddarth

In this present scenario the quality and cost minimization is essential to uplift the
business and there is lot Industrial Engineering concepts are being available. The
case study taken in a textile mill, ring spinning process where there were a
standard process followed and during the study and observation it was found the
difficulty faced by frequent breakage of yarn. The other problem faced is the
excess time in doffing process which results in increased idle time. Hence it has
proposed to apply Six sigma and DMAIC methodology to investigate the causes to
get the solution to overcome it. The various tools and techniques such as project
charter, data collection plan, time study, Cause and effect analysis, Prioritization
matrix have been applied under DMAIC phases. The reasons are arrived through
root cause analysis, the problems are ranked and solutions are suggested. The
TRIZ methodology is also applied in the stage of finding the solution. The
synergic approach of six sigma, DMAIC with TRIZ have results a good solution.
Keywords: DMAIC, TRIZ, Cause and effect analysis, Ring Spinning,

Prioritization Matrix
91
DMAIC Approach in Crusher Plate Manufacturing to

ImproveProductivity
R. Sedhu Siddarth, V. Manivel Muralidaran, V.Arun and P.Muraleedharan

Casting is one of the most important processes to produce metal components in

which the liquid metal is directly poured in to the mould cavity of desired size and
structure. Formation of casting defects such as cracks, pinholes, inclusions,
porosity reduces the quality of the castings. This paper deals with the application
of six sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analysis, Improve, Control) process to
the crusher plate casting in the foundry to reduce the defects in the Carbon dioxide
moulding process. The effort has been made to apply DMAIC approach to identify
the root cause of the casting defects and various measures are suggested to reduce
the rate of defect and to improve the quality of casting.In define phase the project
goal prove by using project and process flowchart, In measure phase the process
quantify by data collection and Pareto chart and analyze of major defects by
FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) and root causes determine by cause
and effect diagram and to improve the process by eliminating the defects by
brainstorming and other various plans, finally control the future process
performance by process monitoring and corrective action. This approach tends to
increase the overall production rate in the foundryand used to improve the
profitability of the organization.
Keywords:Six Sigma, DMAIC Approach, FMEA, Cause and Effect,Pareto chart.
92
Computation of the Reliability of Automotive

Electronic Power Devices
S. Balaji and V.Kamala

Sumalatha
This paper concentrates on the various fields on the estimation of reliability of an

automotive electronic power device such as thermal cycle, aging effect and
accumulated damage. Thermal model was developed for analyzing the factors of
power loss. A lookup table was constructed in order to calculate the power loss.
Moving to the aging effect, a finite element modeling was used to find out the
aging effect. Thermal model was developed by the use of FLOTHERM. It is of
either Foster or Cauer network. The comparison of results from the thermal model
can be done. Preprocessing of data by Filtration and Spectrum Truncation was
also explored. The reliability can also be estimated by calculating the accumulated
damage with the help of Pagoda Roof method and Miner’s rule. Finally, a method
was proposed of using Ga NFET instead of MOSFET in order to calculate the
power dissipation.
Keywords: Thermal cycles, Reliability, Temperature, Thermal model.
93
Improving in House Rejection Rate of Rack Housings through

TQM Adopting Quality Control Circle Activity: A Case Study
Pardeep Gupta and Ankesh Mittal

SantLongowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Punjab- 148106, India
The Quality Management System provides a framework for continual

improvement, thus enhancing customer satisfaction by providing products that
consistently fulfill their requirements. The TQM implementation at XYZ Ltd. was
initiated in 1998 and completely implemented by 2003 in a phased manner.
Quality Control Circle activities are performed as a part of TQM practice to
exercise people’s capabilities and draw out their unlimited potential for improving
the operational excellence of the organizations. A Quality Control Circle is a small
group of people who usually work together to identify, investigate, analyze and
solve their work related problems. The aim of this paper is to present a case study
on the QCC projects carried out at XYZ Ltd. and to demonstrate the benefits
gained by the company.
Keywords: Quality Control Circle, Total Quality Management, Customer

satisfaction, and Continuous improvement.
94
A Study on the Development and Implementation of Planned

Maintenance Pillar of TPM to Reduce Breakdown Losses
Pardeep Gupta and SachitVardhan

SantLongowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Punjab- 148106, India
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) refers to a management system for

optimizing the productivity of manufacturing equipment. Reduction of waste,
improvement of quality, reduction of breakdown losses, and overall more efficient
production system are the key objectives of implementing TPM initiatives in a
manufacturing industry. This article focuses to study the impact of implementation
of planned maintenance (PM) pillar in a process industry. The main focus of
implementing PM pillar was to achieve the target of zero breakdowns, thereby
enhancing plant productivity and reducing product cost. It is observed that the
implementation of PM initiatives remain successful and benefitted the industry in
terms of reduced breakdown, reduced mean time to repair (MTTR) and increased
mean time between failure (MTBF). The maintenance cost also reduced
significantly which indirectly reduces the production cost.
Keywords: Planned maintenance, TPM, MTTR, MTBF, kaizen.
95
A Review of Literatures on Hybrid Software Reliability Models
P. Govindasamyand R. Dillibabu
College of engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai- 600025, India
In recent years, software is employed in our day to day life ranging from Mobile
phones for information and communication to medical devices for treatment.
Since software is used in critical functions, greater emphasis is given to software
quality, and hence software reliability. Software reliability is the ability to perform
required function without failure for a stipulated period of time under stated
operating conditions. The reliability of software is ascertained using Software
reliability models (SRMs). Many software reliability models have been proposed
during the past 5 decades. In the early years of SRM development, the complexity
of software is less. Nowadays, the complexity of software is more and hence the
failure modes and effects are complex. There is no universal or standard model
available to estimate software reliability quantitatively, and existing models are
not suitable at all situations. To overcome the difficulty and limitations, hybrid
models have been developed by many researchers, so as to include the maximum
useful assumptions of the available models. A hybrid software reliability model is
a combination of two or more models, such that the models integrated can capture
the failure behaviour of the software. This paper, presents a review of hybrid
software reliability models that were developed so far. The main objective of our
work is to have a clear understanding of assumptions and limitations of hybrid
software reliability models, which could further help in developing a new model
that will overcome the limitations of the existing models.
Keywords: Software reliability, Software reliability models, Hybrid models,

Failure parameters.
96
A Review of an Integrated Approach Model of KANO and

Process FMEA towards Software Products
K.Somasundaram and R.Dillibabu

Software development is essential to minimize the manual exertion towards user

needs and the developers are used to employ the software quality tools and
Quality models to improve the quality and development process of the software
products. In modern days, there are significant challenges in developing a
software product such as build on-time, reasonable development cost, on time
delivery and accurately met with user requirements etc. To introduce an integrated
approach model of Kano, Process FMEA and software quality models plays a vital
role in the quality of Software development. This Paper articulates to summarize a
detailed review literature of these models, application, benefits, and gaps. This
paper delineates how to adopt the application of KANO, Process FMEA and
software quality models to the development of software product.
Keywords: KANO, Process FMEA, Software Quality Models, and Software

Products.
97
Case Studies of Service Quality: The New Dimensions in

Indian Healthcare Sector
R.Balamurugan1 and H.AbdulZubar2

1
M.Kumarasamy college of Engineering, Karur-639113
2
Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem-637504
To maximize the profit of organization and achieving selling target, the industries
are in position to satisfy the customer needs and expectation .To stay in global
business, it is necessary to identify customer expectations and fulfil their needs,
achieving customer satisfaction is an essential task for any kind of organization
such as manufacturing, service sector and trading. The main aim of this proposed
method was to identify the new service quality dimensions in health care sector.
Parasuraman et al (1985) developed the service quality dimensions model, called
SERVQUAL model. There were five service quality dimensions described in that
model such as tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. The
patient’s choice towards healthcare sector varied from patients to patients, they
were expected complete care and delighted service from hospitals. It is very
difficult task to identify patient’s expectation in varying nature. The questionnaire
survey was conducted for finding new service quality dimensions in healthcare
sector, 5 linker scale method used for conducting questionnaire survey and it was
evaluated and validated by SPSS software. In this proposed work 4045 response
collected from patients to know more the new service quality dimensions at
various hospitals located at Karur and Coimbatore region. The following service
quality dimensions were identified through this market survey such as cost of
service, immediate response, individual care, healthcare policy and benefits
promoted by the hospitals, the advanced technology services, treating the patients
visitors in friendly manner, the entertainment room for curing patients, the number
of counters for accessing various services, statistical data of cured patients and the
number of patients death in hospital, the proper counselling and guidance about
patients diseases, finance planning system introduced by hospitals and number of
experience specialist for various diseases and their success rate. The identified
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above new dimensions were helpful to enhance the services in healthcare sectors.
The lean tools were adopted to enhance the service of the hospitals. The
comparative study also done to exhibit the performance of various hospitals
located in Karur and Coimbatore regions.
Keywords: Service quality, New dimensions, Healthcare sector, Patient’s

satisfaction.
99
A Conceptual Model Connecting TQM Factors and

organizational Performance for Indian Construction Industries
K.V. Arathi, M.P.Sajan and P.Pradeep Kumar

Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, Kerala-686501, India
A Construction industry is a complex management system as it involves a number

of influencing factors which are difficult to organize and direct throughout the
construction period. The overall quality management system of construction firm
not only constitutes the internal organizational parameters but also constitute a
number of external stakeholders. The internal organizational conditions include
the quality of construction practice as well as the organizational structural
flexibility. As the influencing factors outside the organizational boundary cover a
number of stakeholders having varying interest and expectations, lack of efficient
stakeholder management will leads to conflict of interest. To develop a working
strategy that can manage both internal and external factors of a firm should be
flexible enough to cop up with a high degree of uncertainty and the risks involved
in the project. The concepts of Total Quality Management (TQM) which is
already used by manufacturing or service sector can be applied as an effective tool
for improving current working conditions of the construction firms also. TQM as a
customer centric concept is good enough to satisfy customer needs and
perceptions related to their dream construction project. The main objective of this
paper is to develop a conceptual frame work connecting various TQM factors and
organizational performance parameters in Indian construction industries. The
methodology adopted is a comprehensive literature survey to know the
effectiveness of TQM concepts over organizational performance. After literature
review, important TQM parameters and performance factors are listed and
established some logical relationships between them. The conceptual model will
helpful for project managers, decision making teams, and members of quality
management system for a better understanding of the concepts while introducing
TQM in their firms.
Keywords: Indian construction industry, Quality management system, Internal

and external influencing factors, TQM, Organizational performance.
100
A Study on Impact of Students Perceived Service Quality On

Brand Performance Of Self Financing Engineering Institutions
T. Praveen Kumar and R .Baskaran

Sri Sai Ram Institute of Management Studies, Chennai-600044
Anna University (CEG), Chennai-600025. India
Higher education is a fast growing service industry and every day it is more and
more exposed to globalization processes. Service quality, is emphasizing student
satisfaction, is a newly emerging field of concern. In order to attract students,
serve their needs and retain them, self financing engineering institutions are
actively involved in understanding students’ expectations and perceptions of
service quality. Students' perception toward service quality provided by higher
education engineering institutions depends upon the brand image of the institution.
This scenario pushes the engineering education to think about branding and
positioning in the competitive market and which can help to give the college the
unique position in the market and help in gaining competitive advantage. This
study aims at assessing the perceived service quality of the self financing
engineering institutions students, their satisfaction, students' trust and students'
loyalty contribute towards brand performance of self financing engineering
institution. It also tries to examine the relationship between the above mentioned
variables. This study is descriptive research design type and is based on the
primary data; and by using the simple random sampling technique the primary
data was collected from 274 students of self financing engineering institution in
Chennai through survey method. The data was collected through structured
questionnaire and was analyzed by developing suitable hypothesis. Descriptive
analysis and Path analysis was used to assess the impact of the constructs. The
result indicates that the perceived service quality has significant effect on students'
satisfaction, which then leads to significant effect on Brand performance. Other
than that, students' satisfaction was also tested to have significant effect on
students' trust which then also leads to significant direct effect on self financing
engineering institution Brand performance. Students' trust also leads to significant
effect on generating students' loyalty. From this study, it is noted that perceived
service quality shows insignificant effect on students' loyalty and students' loyalty
lead to significant effect on Brand performance
Keywords: Students perceived quality, Satisfaction, Brand performance.
101
Improvement in Quality Control of Clutch Disc Assembly

in an Automotive Industry
Suresh Ram Thangavel, K.Thirumavalavan and Anantharaman Sriraman

College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India.
Quality is based on the efficiency of the product as seen from its use. When a
product produced is free of defects, it is a good quality product. The work aims at
identifying the root cause for the rattling noise reported by the certain customers
in the clutch disc and to improve the quality of the inspection process in an
automotive industry which manufacture the clutch so as to reduce the external
failure/faults. It will reduce the rework or replacement of the clutch disc. This in
turn will reduce the scrap and the cost of inspection, ultimately it will reduce the
cost of quality. The rejections of clutch parts are due to rattle noise occurred in
clutch disc during vehicle validation at the customer end. Due to this rejection the
production unit is unable to meet the customer expectation in the particular type of
clutches due to external failures. Therefore, a series of tests are performed namely
cushion deflection test, torsiography measurement test, stack height test and
process failure mode effective analysis to identify the problem and hence the root
cause. The possible solutions are identified problem are implemented.
Keywords: Qualiy, root cause, rej.
102
Increasing Productivity by Reducing Cycle Time in

Assembly Line using Lean Techniques
Vetrivel Venkatesan
College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai – 600025, India
This study focuses more on lean tools and techniques with their principles to
reduce cycle time thereby increasing productivity. Value stream mapping is a one
more lean manufacturing tool and to plan production process involving lean
initiatives through systematic data capture and analysis. It is a proven process for
planning the improvements that will allow companies to develop lean practices.
Here, it is used to document present lead time, inventory levels and cycle times in
particular to determine the ratio of value added to total lead time of the production
line. To begin with value stream mapping is used to create the current state map to
make a picture of the production flow and to understand the company’s present
cycle times, process communications, and machine/equipment capacity. This will
provide the vital information needed to produce a future state map by creating a
vision of an improved value flow. Ultimately it will identify and eliminates the
waste, in any of the activity that does not add value to the final product, of a
production process.
Keywords: Value Stream Mapping, Productivity, Lean Production, Cycle Time.
103
Design and Development of Portable Emission Absorbent

using Design for Six Sigma Tool
ML. Mahadevan, T. Mohamed Azarudeen and S. Jerard Wilson

Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai-625015, India.
Pollution contributes to the harmful environment that results in adverse effect on

living beings. This will be high threat to the future in order to overcome a new
adaptation should be made. The purpose of this work is to reduce the pollution due
to automobile vehicle emission by implementing the design for six sigma concept
in product design and development. This work has focused on designing a
portable emission absorbent which is an efficient, cost-effective and sustainable to
reduce black cloudy smoky emission from old or aged automobiles. The
methodology has chosen for this work is DMADV. This DMADV methodology
used for inventing and innovating a completely new product, service, or processes,
or for inventing and innovating new features of existing products, services, or
processes. A new portable emission absorbent is designed and fixed at the tail pipe
of an automobile in order to filtrates the harmful emissions by means of using
activated carbon as filter material, in this the total and thermal deformations of the
activated carbon material has been analysed and it will facilitate the efficient
usage of portable emission absorbent and tend to reduce the environmental
pollution.
Keywords: Portable emission absorbent, DMADV, Six Sigma.
104
Reduce Rework of Boot Up and Boot Damage using

Six Sigma DMAIC Approach
M. Dhanashekar and S. Karthikeyan

Industry strives hard to achieve zero PPM in rejections to give improved quality
products as well as to increase the industry’s revenue. The customer expects the
product should be of high quality with low cost. This greater level of customer
expectation is feasible only through minimizing the rejections. By using Six
Sigma where sigma is a universal scale which is used to measure Defects Per
Million Opportunities (DPMO) and it equates to 3.4 DPMO which allows
dissimilar processes to be compared in terms of the number of defects generated
by the process in one million opportunities. This paper deals with a case study in
an automobile parts of manufacturing industry. The boot assembly process where
the rejections such as boot up and boot damages are considerably high. The six
sigma tools have been implemented in identifying the causes and providing a
solution for minimizing the rejections. Design improvisations are also made which
have found the effective way to reduce Boot damage and Boot up, material and
internal scrap have been significant. The result has been shown in the C-chart and
has achieved 0.62% defect rate from 30.9% defect rate. This has resulted in a
reduction of production time and high production rate thus making the process
efficient.
Keywords: Quality management, Lean Six Sigma, Capability analysis,

Measurement system analysis, Quality products.
105
Optimisation of Production Time using Lean Technique

in a Pneumatic Actuator Manufacturing Unit
P.Kumaravelu, B. Mohan and Anantharaman Sriraman

This work presents an actual case study on one of the Pneumatic actuator
manufacturers in Coimbatore.Diaphragm pneumatic actuator used in control flow
was manufactured using forging and other machining processes are involved. The
industry is facing interrupted flow of process through various stages of processing,
the company is lacking in optimal utilization of workers with many work in
process between stations and the machining time in drilling is very high. Draw
Current Value Stream map for production line of Diaphragm pneumatic actuator
components for to visualize the current flow of parts in the assembly line and with
few suggestion and modification from process flow study to obtain a Future value
stream map. In order to reduce the setup time and cycle time of processes redesign
and modification of the current fixture is carried out. Outcome of the analyzing
value stream mapping is to reduce the lead time, improve continuous flow of the
product, improve the facility layout utilization and reduce the operators involved
in a single machine.
Keyword: Value Stream Mapping.
106
Throughput Time Reduction in Starter Motor Manufacturing

using Lean Manufacturing Concepts and Tools
C. Raahul Krishnan, K. Balajiand V. S. Senthil Kumar

This Work presents an actual case study on one of the Automotive Electrical
Systems Manufacturing Industries in Chennai, India. Increasing Demand and
Competition is the nature of growing market and industry must meet its customer
requirements on time to sustain in the market race. The Manufacturing Practices
carried out by the industry has been studied and the problem identified is the
Throughput Time of Commercial Starter Motor is unreliable and large. It results in
difficulties of meeting the Customer Demand Requirements on time. The
problems due to the non-value added activities which are considered as waste in
the existing manufacturing system of commercial starter motor are identified with
the help of Current-State Value Stream Mapping and subjected to root cause
analysis. The feasible solution for the problems will be developed to eradicate the
root cause of the problems which is incorporated in Future-State Value Stream
Mapping that depicts the improved design of manufacturing system to be
implemented and the result to be recorded. The outcome is to reduce throughput
time of commercial starter motor by using lean management techniques which
paves the way for timely delivery of the products to the customer thus meeting the
demand requirements on time.
Keywords: Throughput Time, Lean Manufacturing, Value Stream Mapping.
107
Influence of Quality Management Practices on

Organizational Innovation - the Mediating Role of
Organizational Learning Culture
Ambika M. Raja, R. Mohamed Ali and R. Raju

Anna University, Chennai – 600025, India
The demanding market in the present business environment requires organizations

to find ways to stay competitive. Quality has been recognized as a tool to achieve
competitive advantage while innovation plays a major role in sustainability. Thus,
a sustainable competitive advantage is the primary objective of any organization.
Studies have been carried out to investigate the role of innovation in gaining the
sustainable competitive advantage in the ever-changing business scenario. This
paper aims to propose a conceptual framework for studying the relationship
between quality management practices and organizational innovation. The
mediating role of an organizational learning culture in this relationship is
presented to understand its importance. Most frameworks have dealt with quality
management practices as a single set of practices while the new framework has
classified total quality management practices into hard and soft aspects for getting
a better understanding of their role and importance. The framework intends to
throw light on the role of organizational learning culture apart from studying the
on-going discussion on the influence of quality management on innovation. The
paper aims to show that organizations should actively practice total quality
management even when quality is not the criteria for success to innovate and
ensure sustainability.
Keywords: Total Quality Management, Organisation, Learning Culture,

Organisational innovation.
108
A review on current practices of Parameter Estimation of

Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs)
P. Govindasamyand R. Dillibabu
Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs) are widely used by organizations

to estimate and predict the reliability of software products before shipment.
Various parameters like the number of remaining failures, cumulative number of
failures, and the time taken to attain the desired cumulative failures are obtained
through the reliability models. In SRGMs development and application, the
parameter estimation is the major task. The traditional techniques like Maximum
Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Least Squares Estimation (LSE) are widely
used, but they have the limitation of linearity, and hence not applicable for non-
linear functions, which majority of current SRGMs developed possess. Hence,
evolutionary optimization techniques like GA, ACO, PSO, etc. are proposed by
many researchers. This paper presents a review on the existing parameter
estimation techniques for SRGMs.
Keywords: Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs), Parameter Estimation

(PE), Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), Least Squares
Estimation (LSE), Evolutionary Optimisation Techniques.
109
Implementation of Total Quality Mangement in Indian

Automotive Industry: Current Scenario
Joseph J. Kaippen and Pradeep Kumar

Government Engineering College, Kottayam -686501, India
Total Quality management (TQM) is the management process and set of

disciplines which ensures that the organization consistently meets and exceeds
customer requirements. It is a combination of Quality and management tools
aiming at increasing business and reducing losses due to wasteful practices.It
helps the company to improve the customer satisfaction. The customer-focused
quality management is one way to create a sustainable competitive advantage.
The Initial Quality Study measures problems that owners experience with new
vehicles during the first 2-6 months of ownership and examines more than 200
problem symptoms in eight vehicle categories (listed in order of frequency of
reported problems): engine and transmission; driving experience; HVAC; vehicle
exterior; features, controls and displays; vehicle interior; audio, entertainment and
navigation; and seats. All problems are summarized as the number of problems
per 100 vehicles (PP100), with a lower PP100 score indicating a lower incidence
of problems and higher initial quality. The Customer Service Index (CSI) Study
determines the customer satisfaction. Based on this study, TQM can be defined as
a management system, which consists of three interdependent units, namely core
values, techniques/programs and tools. The idea is that the core values must be
supported by techniques, such as SIX SIGMA, JIT,SPC, FMEA,QFD etc.TQM
has proved to be a vital ingredient for success, and now has its permanent roots in
the “mission and vision” of the Indian automotive sector. Customer satisfaction is
one of the significant outcomes of TQM.
Keywords: TQM, Quality Study, CSI.
110
Identification of Major Barriers to TQM Implementation in

Manufacturing Organizations
R. Mohamed Ali, R. Raju and Ambika M. Raja

Anna Universirty, Chennai-600025, India
Organizations have resorted to the adoption of quality management systems for

various reasons. An organization experiences many driving forces and resisting
forces for implementation of quality programs. It has been observed that all
attempts to implement are not successful and studies on implementation failure
have also been published alongside success stories. Hence, it is considered
essential to understand the obstacles or barriers to implementation and take
concrete efforts to overcome them. It is found that studying such obstacles and
barriers will go a long way in helping improve the success rate of implementation.
The purpose of this study is to identify the significant barriers to the application of
Total Quality Management (TQM) in the manufacturing organizations of south
India. In this regard, an extensive literature review had been carried out to
comprehend the resisting forces encountered by the manufacturing companies
during the implementation of TQM. A questionnaire had been prepared based on
this to gather relevant data from the industries. The questionnaire was also
checked by experts. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the state of Tamil
Nadu. Data collected from manufacturing industries is based on a single
respondent from each organization. The result of the empirical study has been
presented. Ranking of the barriers was achieved using Friedman test to find the
significant difference among mean ranks of the key barriers. The findings of this
study revealed inadequate strategic planning, lack of senior management
commitment and inadequate allocation of resources to be the main barriers which
prevent the manufacturing organizations from embracing TQM.
Keywords: Total Quality Management, barriers, Manufacturing Organizations.
111
Reduction of Cycle Time in Fabrication of Pressure Vessel for

Compressors using Lean Tools and Techniques
M.Suresh1, M. Raguramsingh2 and R. Harikrishnan2

1
PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641004, India
2
Sri Krishna College ofTechnology, Coimbatore- 641042, India
The elimination of non-value adding activities in an industry is carried out by the

robust implementation of lean tools and techniques. Lean practices contributes
substantially to plant operational performance. This paper deals with the
implementation of lean tools like Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Micro Standard
Operating Procedure (MSOP), Line Balancing and Kaizen in a pressure vessel
fabrication process, in particular for an efficient introduction of kaizen and Work
Standardization techniques. A case study illustrates the use of the kaizen as well as
visual management systems applications on a compressor fabrication process.
Finally the obtained results shows the improvement in the process measured
through the lean rate. The cycle time was reduced from 196.6 minutes to 106.5
minutes and the value adding activity was improved by 24 percent.
Keywords: Lean Manufacturing, Cycle time, Value Stream Mapping, Micro

Standard Operating Procedure and Lean rate.
112
Analyzing Critical Constructs of Service Quality in Retail Outlets
P. Karuppuchamy
Foot Wear Design & Development Institute, Chennai- 602117, India.
This present work attempts to measure the service quality and its impact on
customer’s satisfaction in retail outlets in North Tamil Nadu. The instrument was
designed to measure the perception of customers on the quality of service offered
by retail outlets in the Northern part of Tamil Nadu. After a comprehensive review
of literature and based on the brainstorming with experts in retail management
and industry, an attempt has been made to conceptualize five quality constructs
pertaining to service quality and develop an instrument, from the customers'
perspective, in order to measure the service quality of retail outlet. The following
are five critical construct under this model: (a) Infrastructure facilities (b)
Management Responsibility (c) Employee and Customer Interaction (d) Problem-
solving, and (e) Business policy. This study has applied the stratified random
sampling method to obtain the responses from shoppers of supermarkets in
Northern part of Tamil Nadu, and it is disproportionately distributed. In the light
of literature review, the retail service quality model is found to be the most
suitable for measuring service quality. The study achieves a measurement
instrument that is reliable, consistent and valid on target with what is being
attempted to measure. The results of the study show that the retail service quality
has a positive correlation with customer satisfaction.
Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Service Quality, Retail Service Quality Model,

Critical construct.
113
Impact of Life Data Analysis on Wind Turbine Gearbox
R. Srinivasan 1, T. Paul Robert 2, K. Harish Babu 1 and N. Mallikarjun1

1
Vestas Technology R&D Chennai Private Limited, Chennai-600119, India
2
Wind Industry is experiencing remarkable growth over the past few decades due
to the fact that it produces clean energy compared to other sources such as coal
and natural gas that produce large quantities of greenhouse gases which contribute
to global climate change. Wind turbine like other power plants is a complex
engineered system with tens of thousands of components. Among the many
components, gearbox is considered to be the most critical component for the
functioning of wind turbine and it is used to increase rotational speed from a low-
speed rotor to a higher speed electrical generator. In addition to being critical,
gearbox is the most expensive component in a wind turbine and therefore it is
essential to continuously assess the reliability and the remaining useful life (RUL)
of gearbox to make key business decisions. This research proposes a methodology
to estimate the reliability of gearbox using life data analysis and predict the RUL.
Life data analysis involves gathering field failure data/material consumption data
of gearbox and perform statistical analysis such as Weibull analysis on the
gathered failure data to estimate the reliability. Remaining useful life (RUL) can
be determined by using two main approaches, namely model-based and data-
driven approaches. The first approach is based on the utilization of physics of
failure models of the degradation, while the second approach is based on the
transformation of the data provided by the sensors into models that represent the
behaviour of the degradation. Data-driven method is used in this study, where
different performance data from sensors are exploited to model the degradation's
behaviour. RUL is used to make key business decisions such as planning of spares
and service cost.Gearbox is a complex system by itself and it is made up of several
stages of helical/planetary gears. Performance data is acquired separately for each
114
of these stages and RUL is calculated separately as well. The individual RUL is
then rolled up to estimate the overall remaining life for gearbox. This would give
an idea of which stage is going to fail first for which failure mode and corrective
measures can be planned accordingly. The cumulated damage and RUL are
calculated using Inverse power damage equation along with Miner’s rule.
Keywords: Life Data Analysis, Gearbox Reliability, Miner’s Rule, Inverse Power
Damage.
115
Fault Tree Based Reliability Estimation of Power Electronic

Converter in Wind Turbine
S. Safwana Rasmi1, Keerthana Paul2 and T.Paul Robert1

1
College of Engineering, Anna University, Chenna-600025, India.
2
KCG College of Technology, Chennai-641049, India.
Power electronic converters are being used in wind power generation systems for
regulating the fluctuating input power and maximizing the electrical energy
conversion from the wind. The research and development on these devices have
enabled efficient conversion and more flexible control of electrical energy.
Though power electronic converter accounts for only 10%-20% of the initial
system cost, it needs replacement 3-5 times over its design life, hence introducing
additional investment and a contribution of about 37% of the unscheduled
maintenance cost. Therefore the reliability of power electronic converter used in
the grid integration of renewable energy with long operation hours under harsh
environment is of utmost importance. The power electronic converter is the
interface between the load/generator and the grid in the Wind Turbines. In the two
level back to back voltage source converter system, a variable frequency and a
variable magnitude AC power from the wind turbine generator is first converted to
a DC power by a diode rectifier circuit and then converted back to an AC power at
different frequency and voltage level by a controlled inverter. Fault tree analysis
(FTA) is a top down, deductive failure investigation approach in which an
undesirable state of a system is analysed using Boolean logic to combine a series
of failure initiating events. This approach is adopted in this study to build a model
for each discrete state of operation of the power electronic converter used in a real
life wind turbine. A 0.75 MW wind power converter is considered with an
emphasis on the reliability estimation of the system. The critical components
which contribute to the failure of the system have been considered. The failure
rates of Capacitor, PCB, IGBT, Connectors and Solder joints configured in the
power electronic converter are determined from the Military handbook (MIL-
HDBK-217F).The FTA carried out identified the potential components for which
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corrective maintenance actions are to be initiated before the occurrence of a

catastrophic failure. The estimated reliability factor determined from the
quantified fault tree construction provides an insight to design a better
maintenance strategy for the power electronic converter in the wind turbine.
Keywords: Power electronic converter, Wind Turbine, Fault tree analysis,

Reliability.
117
Increasing the Productivity of Crankshaft Manufacturing by

Reducing the Cycle Time through Value Stream Mapping
V.Karthik and N. Jawahar

Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai- 625 015, India
This paper describes the lean manufacturing technique called Value Stream
Mapping (VSM) to improve the production of crankshaft manufacturing line of an
automobile ancillary unit. To achieve this goal, lean fundamental principles were
implemented to construct VSM for identification and elimination of wastes by
studying theexisting process, data collection with respect to customer demand and
cycle time. From current state VSM value added activities (VA), non-value-added
activities (NVA) are identified as per TAKT time then the non-value-added
activities are eliminated by implementing suggestions which satisfies the TAKT
time. Then the future state VSM is constructed. Based on the future state VSM, by
implementing the lean techniques and suggestions. Production lead-time, distance
travelled and NVA activities can be decreased and dispatch sales can be increased.
Keywords: Value Stream Mapping, TAKT Time, Lean Manufacturing, Value

Added, Non-Value Added
118
A Rational Tool to Measure Architectural Design Quality -

A Case of Housing, Chennai City
M.Elango
School of Architecture and Planning, Anna University, Chennai- 600025, India
The definition of the evaluation, placing value on something, implies that there
exists a set of values to which the evaluation refers (Laseau 2001). The
information that the architects deal with design decision is in more often
qualitative rather than quantitative in an intuitive way of judgement rather than
trying to obtain numerical data for taking such decisions rationally (Lawson
2005). As Coldicutt and Williamson (1995) have pointed out, the design problems
do not come fully pre-defined, but rather need to be explored by an interactive
approach, in which initial understandings of the problem and means of addressing
it are refined. A detailed research by the author himself (Elango & M.D.Devadas
2014) on survey questionnaire with the broader classification such as utilitarian
values, function & usability of space, shape. & geometry, efficiency and spatial
organisation have been identified as design criteria. These important variables
which are influential during the design synthesis of architectural design process of
special building category of Chennai as a housing typology. The variables are
grouped based on the qualitative aspects as criteria, and sub criteria. These
variables are used for developing the rational tool for the architects to assist with
identification of the optimum design with respect to material efficiency. The tool
has been developed based on the concept and method of Analytical Hierarchy
Process (AHP) (Saathy 1990). It has been validated by a public housing schemes
promoted in Chennai City, India, by Tamil Nadu Housing Board (TNHB) of
Government of Tamil Nadu.
Keywords: Resource efficiency, Design Process, Analytical Hierarchy Process

(AHP), Housing Typology.
119
Balanced and Partially Balanced Treatment

Incomplete Block Design
K. Saravanan
Jayram Group of Institutions, Tirupur- 638 660, India
Bechhofer and Tamhane defined a balanced treatment incomplete block design

(BTIB) as a design that satisfies. λ 01= λ 02=… =λ 0p (say) and λ12=λ13=…
=λp-1,p= λ1 (say) and C (b,k,p) denote the class of all possible incomplete block
designs with b blocks of size k each, and (p+1) treatments indexed 0,1,2… p;0
being the control. In BT, it can be shown that for a design dεC (b,k,p) the
information matrix for estimating all α0-αi(1 ≤ i ≤ p) is the symmetric non-
negative definite pxp matrix M(d). For a BTIB design M becomes completely
symmetric.It is observed that for a given (p,k), a BTIB design for any b can be
built out of a set of elementary designs called generator designs. A small subset of
these generator designs happens to be sufficient, in the sense that essentially all
admissible BTIB designs can be constructed from this set. This set is called
“minimal complete class of generator designs”.This paper deals with the methods
developed for the construction of a minimal complete class of generator designs.
Also discuses about some constructed some optimal balanced and partially
balanced treatment incomplete block binary and n-array design.
Keywords: Block Design, BTIB Designs, Balanced Treatment.
120
In Pursuit of Opt Fuzzy Membership Function to Predict the

Spatial Dataset in the Domain Expert Perception
Mehfooza Munavar 1 and V. Pattabiraman 2

1
Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai-602 105, India
2
VIT University, Chennai-632014, India
Soft computing Technologies is a consortium of techniques which works

effectively and provides a potential to make decision from the historical dataset.
Nowadays a lot of machine learning techniques available to investigate and to
explore the depth knowledge of the data.There are domains like spatial, medical
and etc. These domain dataset requires expert intervention to streamline the
knowledge presented from the efficient machine learning techniques. This
research work is proposed with an intelligent technique framework based on fuzzy
logic to express expert percepted fuzzy value. The intelligent technique is fulfilled
from the search of the fuzzy membership functions like smf, zmf, and trimf for the
spatial linguistic variables like “less than”, “more than” and “between”
respectively. The proposed framework was applied to the sample Indian coastal
dataset and the expert percepted fuzzy value was pre-processed successfully.
Keywords: Fuzzification, Spatial dataset, Expert Perception.
121
Reclamation of Foundry Core Sand by Adapting Green

Manufacturing to Reduce the Environmental Pollution
P. Kumar1 and N. Mohandas Gandhi2

1
Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore- 641105, India.
2
Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641402, India.
Adoption of greener engineering processes like sand reclamation to reduce the

consumption of natural resources and pollution, thereby certainly improve the
environment. The wet reclamation process consists of soaking, washing, solar
drying and sieving of used core sand is studied. The quality of reclaim was tested
by means of the LOI, pH value, Hardness and Permeability. In this paper, the
design of experiments (DOE) technique is used for experimentation of the
specimen core of sodium silicate binder with CO2 gas. Taguchi based L9
orthogonal array was used for the experiment purpose and analysis was carried out
with the help of Minitab software for Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis
of mean plot.
Keywords: Used core sand, Wet Reclamation and Taguchi Design.
122
Connecting Business Centers and Establishing Central Nodal

Centre Considering Distance, Population and Real GDP as
Weights using Weiszfeld Algorithm and Concept of Minimum
Cost Spanning Tree-An Analysis
A. Baskar1, M. A. Sai Balaji2, N. Nithyanandhan1 and A. Krishnamoorthy3

1
Panimalar Institute of Technology, Chennai-600123, India
2
B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent University, Chennai-600048, India
3
Sathyabama University, Chennai-600119, India
This paper discusses a model to connect different capitals of states and UTs of
India based on distance, population and real GDP. Minimum cost spanning tree
concept is used for this purpose. To establish the central nodal centre, Weiszfeld’s
algorithm is used which is iterative in nature. The aerial distances are computed
using the geodetic coordinates of the cities by applying the Haversine formulae.
The weights considered are: distance, distance/% population, distance/ (%
population+% real GDP). Both Prim’s and Kruskal’s algorithms are used. Finally,
considering all the cities and assuming as a TSP; the Eulerian network is framed.
Brute force algorithm is used for this purpose. Since brute force algorithm
enumerates all the options (n! in total); the 34 cities are split into groups of
12+12+11 and finally 8 cities (some cities are purposely kept common) to arrive a
final graph. The results are superimposed such that only two cities have odd
number of degrees. The total aerial distance to be covered is estimated from the
output. To convert this to the road distance, the distance has to be multiplied by
the Wiggle factor.The approximate Wiggle Factor (Road) is estimated considering
these 34 cities and is equal to 1.273807.
Keywords: Geodetic Coordinates, Minimum Cost Spanning Tree, Wiggle Factor,

Weiszfeld’s Algorithm, Eulerian Graph.
123
Cutting Performance and Wear Mechanism of Ceramic Coated

Cementite Carbide Cutting Inserts
A. Ravichandiran, K. Murali, S. Navaneetha Pandiyan and M. Palanivel

University College of Engineering Arni-632326, India.
The Coating of the different materials in the cutting tool inserts take a greater role
in increasing the lifetime and cutting performance. This paper deals with the
analysis of the properties of coated cementide carbides. Primarily, the cemented
carbide cutting tool inserts are produced by using the Powder metallurgy
technique, using the physical vapour deposition technology TiAlN/CrAlN is coated
on it. Tough cutting edge, greater strength, wear resistance, fracture toughness,
hardness and unique mechanical properties are enhanced by using the
unconventional sintering process. The properties of the cutting tool inserts are
analyzed by using the scanning electron microscope and Vickers hardness
tester.The Improvements reveal that the coated material has enhanced
properties.Primarily, cutting tool insert was manufactured by using the powder
metallurgy. Because it has been increasing the life due to the reduction of grain
size and increase in bonding level. Many countries have research and
manufactured cutting tool using the powder metallurgy technique because powder
metallurgy was free from the phase diagram. Aluminium and chromium have
properties to make protective oxide coating on the given inserts. Many reports
have shown that the hardness and oxidation resistance properties are enhanced due
to the presence of chromium. So TiAlN /AlCrN coating was created on the
cemented carbide inserts using the physical vapour deposition process. After that,
the wear resistance properties and hardness were tested using the Scanning
Electron Microscope and Vicker hardness tester.
Keywords: Vapour Decomposition Technology, Vickers Hardness Test, Cutting

Performance.
124
Important Optimality of N-Ary Block Designs under

Heteroscedastic Models
K. Saravanan
Jayram Group of Institutions, Tirupur- 638 660, India
Tocher (1952) defined a balanced n-ary block design and formulated adjusted
intra-block reduced normal equations for unreplicated and unequi-sized n-ary
block design. Generally, constant variance σ2 holds good for equi-sized n-array
block designs, rather than for unequal block size designs. Gupta, Das and Dey
(1991, 1992) have obtained some optimal block designs for heteroseedastic and
uncorrelated error model for binary cases. This work helps in obtainingt-optimaln-
array block designs for heteroscedastic and uncorrelated error models.
Keywords: Optimality, Block Designs, Heteroscedastic.
125
Intelligent of Modern Manufacturing Techniques Used in Fuzzy

Based Optimum Drilling Process in Stainless Steel Material
N. Parthipan1 and M. Ilangkumaran2

1
M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur- 639113, India
2
K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Namakkal - 637215,India
In modern manufacturing, machining process is one of the key to high quality

manufacturing. The machining operation not only expecting manufacturing
process it is to reduce in work piece damage and tool damages. In this
experimental study, the tool wear of the drill hole and surface roughness have
been studied during the drilling operation of AISI SS317 stainless steel material.
Different level of input and output parameter values has given in various cutting
conditions drilled hole was investigated. Similarly, the fuzzy logic based control
system needs to be developed in modern manufacturing techniques to identify the
better surface finish and tool flank wear of selected work piece. The fuzzy based
logic control system was developed to part of thrust force, cutting speed, feed rate
and drilling parameters to expect the drilled hole number. It has been predicting
that error of drill hole and a number of multi response regression model, Using
Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Response surface methodology (RSM) and Fuzzy
logic techniques. In this techniques predict a good surface finish and to identify
tool wear experimentally obtained in a drilled hole.
Keywords: Stainless steel, Fuzzy logic, Surface roughness, ANOVA.
126
Robust Design of Medical Devices using Design of Experiments
S. SenthilGavaskar 1, S. Senthil Kumar 1 and I. Muthukumaran 2

1
RMK College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai-601206, India
2
In recent years, health systems have a vital responsibility to the people throughout
the lifespan. They are crucial to the healthy development of individuals, families
and societies everywhere. Medical devices are important to provide healthcare and
to improve the health of individuals. The conventional medical device design
approaches exploit the robust design method to learn a large number of decision
variables through a small number of experiments. Even though, the robust method
ensures the device development within the affordable cost and handles the
uncertainty, these systems still lack in effectively delivering the high quality
medical devices along with ensuring both the performance optimization and
reasonable cost. To tackle this constraint, the proposed approach focuses on
enriching the Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE), which is a fault-tolerant
system during design and execution stage of the medical devices. The objective of
this study is optimizing the medical product design parameters with help of
Taguchi method for sleep monitoring device. The orthogonal arrays, signal-to-
noise ratio, ANOVA with S/N ratio are used to find the characteristic of design
parameter for sleep monitoring device. During the analysis, three factors at three
levels with reference to FMEA Chart and experimental data from organization is
considered. Based on the failure data predict the parameters and then conduct the
experiment with help of suitable orthogonal array. The experiment was conducted
for device temperature, based on experimental data find out the S/N ratio for each
parameter with respective levels. The experimental results reveal that the proposed
approach obtains the optimum parameter values, which are evaluated through the
pie-chart.
Keywords: Design of Experiment, Taguchi, Robust design, Quality of Service,

Medical devices, S/N Ratio, ANOVA with S/N Ratio.
127
Multi Objective Optimization of Turning Parameters of

Al-Cu/Tib2 In-Situ Metal Matrix Composites Using
Grey Relational Analysis, Genetic Algorithm and ANOVA
D. Senthil Kumar
Velalar College of Engineering and Technology, Erode- 638012, India
The present work tends to identify the right combination of the controllable factors
of machining process (cutting speed, feed and depth of cut) in turning Al-Cu/TiB2
in-situ MMCs and to simultaneously optimize the process responses [cutting force
components (tangential, axial and radial forces), surface roughness (Ra) and
material removal rate (MRR)]. Turning operations were performed on Al-Cu/TiB2
in-situ aluminium MMC rod, based on 33 full factorial design and data were
collected. Using grey relational analysis, optimal parameter condition was found
to be cutting speed at level 3 (90m/min), feed at level 1 (0.05mm/rev) and depth of
cut at level 2 (0.6 mm) for achieving the required performance. A grey response
graph, generated using the mean values of grey relational grades for each level of
input parameters, indicated that feed rate has the highest impact on the overall
grey relational grades, followed by depth of cut. The results of genetic algorithm
(GA) showed that the optimal turning parameter combination is cutting speed of
84.64 m/min, feed of 0.08 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.69 mm. Thus the results
of grey relational analysis were validated using GA. ANOVA was then performed
to determine the impact of process variables on the performance characteristics.
The results of ANOVA showed that feed was the most significant parameter for
tangential force, axial force, surface roughness and material removal rate, whereas
radial force was found to be predominantly influenced by the depth of cut.
Keywords: Al-Cu/TiB2 in-situ metal matrix composites; Turning; Desirability

function analysis; Genetic algorithm.
128
Optimization of CO2 Laser Welding Parameters for Welding of

Dissimilar Materials Using Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array
coupled with Grey Relational Analysis
M. P. Prabakaran and G. R. Kannan

NPR College of Engineering and Technology, Natham, Dindigul-624 404, India
The study investigates the laser beam welding of dissimilar materials like low
carbon steel (LCS) AISI 1018 to stainless steel (SS) AISI 316 joint with power
generation applications. The experiments were conducted according to Taguchi
L9 orthogonal array combined with grey relational analysis (GRA) by using a 3.5
kW diffusion-cooled slab CO2 laser by varying laser power, welding speed and
focal distance without filler material. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to
analyze the effect of different parameters on the response such as tensile strength
and microhardness. Based on ANOVA, the laser power of 2.6 kW, welding
speed of 1.5 m/min and focal distance at 20mm were considered as optimised
parameters. The responses of the optimised parameters found using the GRA were
confirmed experimentally. The response of mechanical properties for the best and
worst grey relational grade was validated by the metallurgical characteristics.
Keywords: CO2Laser, Dissimilar, GRA, Mechanical Properties, Metallurgical

Properties.
129
Prediction System for Investigating Process Parameters on Dry

sliding Wear of Self-lubricating Metal Matrix Composites
A. Anandha Moorthy, E. Prakash, S. Madheswaran, and G. Senthilkumar

Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638401, India.
The present study is focussed to investigate the influencing process parameters on

dry sliding wear of self-lubricating composite materials. The proposed composite
material is reinforced with fly ash and Boron Nitride. As referred with ASM
standard AA2218 alloy is suitable for tribological applications. Composites
samples are processed by liquid metal stir casting route. AA2218 matrix alloy was
reinforced with 5, 10 and 15 wt. % of fly ash as hard phase reinforcement and 5
wt. % of BN as second phase reinforcement. Ninety percentage of hardness value
has been correlated with tensile strength of the composite material. Brinnel
hardness of the composite specimens were tested, it was found that BHN values
are significantly higher than the structural material. Dry sliding wear behavior of
test samples are experimented with pin-on-disc apparatus. Influencing process
parameters of radial load, sliding velocity, and weight percentage of reinforcement
content on wear rate was tested. The design of experiments (DOE) approach using
Taguchi method was adopted to analyze the experimental results. As a result of
Taguchi analysis, combination of best suited values is reported. Signal-to-noise
ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) have been used to investigate the
influence of process parameters on wear rate.
Keywords:Wear, Hardness, ASM, Design of Experiment, Analysis of Variance.
130
Investigations on Surface Roughness and Volumetric

Shrinkage of Acute Angle Parts Fabricated with
Fusion Deposition Modelling
Prakash Eswaran, Madheswaran Subramaniyan, Anandhamoorthy

Appusamy, Rameshkumar Tirupathi and Sivakumar Karuppan
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam – 638 401, India
This research paper focuses on analyzing the two important quality determents
namely surface roughness and volumetric shrinkage of fusion deposition
modelling (FDM) parts with the selected process parameters, print speed, layer
thickness and angle of inclination. These response factors are determined using
minimum number of experiments designed by face centered central composite
design (FCCCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The test specimens
fabricated using FDM machine and measurements have been conducted to
estimate surface roughness and volumetric shrinkage. The output responses are
numerically modelled using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and presented as a
function of three input process parameters.
Keywords: Fusion deposition modelling, volumetric shrinkage, surface roughness

and numerical modelling.
131
Studies for Optimization of Blasting Parameters in Indian

Limestone Mines Using Response Surface Methodology
P. Balamadeswaran 1, C. R. Deepak 2, Arvind K. Mishra 3 and Phalguni Sen 3

1
Anna University, Chennai - 600025, India
2
National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai - 600100, India
3
Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad – 826004, Jharkhand, India
The growth of the cement industry in India has been spectacular in the last two
decades. Mining of limestones for meeting the increased demand has to be done in
an eco-friendly manner with maximum output and good fragmentation. Although
rippers and surface miners have been introduced in some limestone quarries,
blasting continues to be the principal method of rock breakage. During blasting
operations, ground vibration has become a critical environmental issue especially
in areas close to human settlements. Limestone deposits within the danger zone
should be mined in a safe manner. A blast can be designed to minimize oversized
boulders or to minimize the number of fine particles in the muck pile. The size
distribution of the fragmentation process also affects the subsequent production
operations. Hence, the determination of this parameter enables the optimization of
blast design in all aspects. In the present study, the authors have carried out
investigations in five limestone mines owned by three major cement
manufacturers in South India. Local geology and rock characteristics, the distance
between the explosion site and structure, Basic blast design parameters namely
stiffness ratio, burden, spacing, hole depth, subgrade drilling, charge length,
stemming length, blast face condition, decking/decoupling have been studied.
Explosive parameters like charge per delay, the total quantity of explosive in a
blasting round and powder factor, delay timing and direction of initiation have
been considered. A study involving about 150 blasts and historical data available
from the mineswith rock parameters were considered for analysis using Taguchi
techniques and critical parameters finalized. Central Composite Design Response
132
Surface Methodology models were used for the final design of experiments and
attempts were made to achieve the designed levels to the extent possible
considering limitations in mines. The responses obtained were studied for variance
and recommendations for optimum output and fragmentation within vibration
limits specified by regulations described. The results will find applications for
designing blasting patterns for Indian limestone mining industry.
Keywords: Limestone, Mines, Blast design, Fragmentation, Response Surface

Methodology.
133
Development of Navigation System for CEG Campus of

Anna University using Shortest Path Algorithm
P. Dhivakar, B. Elavarasu Kandavel, R. G. Hariraj Vasanthyaa,

A. Surya and A. Gnanavelbabu
Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
This paper suggests a way of attaining navigation assistance within the College of
Engineering Guindy campus. In these days most of the people visiting the campus
gets annoyed in search of the places. Also it is difficult for the people within the
campus to guide the outsiders with just vocal roadmap. We identified the need for
the navigation assistance by conducting a survey within the campus. So we aim to
develop Dijkstra’s algorithm for the places within the campus. We have developed
the algorithm with Python and C++ programs using the method of Adjacency
Matrix. We have developed the shape file of CEG Campus and find the latitudinal
and longitudinal co-ordinates of each nodes using QGIS software to get the
distance between each nodes. After developing algorithm, visualization is required
to show the shortest path, so we used “Google earth” for better visualization.
The navigation system should be placed in a well-known place to everyone. The

user should give current place and the destination place to the software, then the
software will show the optimal shortest path for nearly 65 places within the
campus. It works like getting the information from Help Centre and will be better
than asking a person. The program code gives the list of building along the
pathway and distance to their destination. So the Outsider gets the information of
all the buildings located along their pathway and distance to destination from Red
building and a map showing the pathway in highlighted manner.
Keywords: Navigation System, Dijkstra’s Algorithm, Python and Visualization.
134
Multiple Robot Path Planning Algorithms for

Static Environment and Dynamic Environment: A Review
K .Rajchandar, R. Baskaran and K. Padmanabhan Panchu

Path planning is the primary function or initial activity of any simple robot. There
are various algorithms provide the shortest path, efficient mapping, time
estimation and etc. Robots are capable of finding shortest path which May or may
not be an optimal path (collision avoidance, Time, Energy & etc.). It is important
to find an optimal shortest path algorithm to benefit the robotics but also
networking, routing problem, simulated games, and etc. Nowadays, multiple
objectives techniques are being used in robot planning to overcome the lack of
accuracy in human decision making and the uncertainty related to partial
knowledge about the environment. This article presents the study of the
evolutionary development of hybridizations of algorithms and completes
knowledge about multiple robot path planning algorithms for Static Environment
and Dynamic Environments.
Keywords: Mobile Robot, Multi Robot, Path Planning, Genetic Algorithm,

hybridizations, Planning Attributes.
135
Optimal Design of Water Distribution Network using

Particle Swarm Optimisation
M. Harini and R. Baskaran

College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India.
The rapid development in infrastructure and increase in population has led to

variations in demand patterns, water quality standards and environmental
conditions. This can be seen in our daily life with the interruptions in water supply
as there is increased pipe breakage rates, decreased hydraulic capabilities of pipes
because the roughness of the pipes increases and reduction in water quality.
Hence, the life cycle cost of water distribution network is increasing rapidly and
the performance of our system is decreasing. The objectives of this study are to
study the various life cycle costs involved in the water distribution system through
extensive literature review, to develop a mathematical model for life cycle cost
minimisation which satisfies the constraints involved in the system and to apply
this model to a network and solve for optimum network configuration. The life-
cycle costs involved in the water distribution network was collected through
extensive literature survey. The objective function for cost minimisation was
formulated with the corresponding constraints. The sample two looped network
from Alperovits (1977) was solved for the objective function using particle swarm
optimisation linked with EPANET. The optimum network configuration was
obtained using particle swarm optimisation linked with EPANET. The cost
obtained while solving the network is Rs.3,76,99,656 ( $5.7911*105). In this
study, the total life cycle costs were taken into account which includes the laying
cost, maintenance cost, and pumping system costs (pump capital costs and
pumping energy costs).
Keywords: Life-cycle costs, Particle Swarm Optimisation, EPANET.
136
Computation Offloading as a Service Based on Context Aware

Approach in Mobile Cloud Computing
S. Nagasundari and G. V. Uma

Cloud computing is considered as the most emerging technology in last few years.
The number of mobile users is increasing drastically leading to go beyond the
term cloud to “mobile cloud computing”. It is due to the necessity of availability
of services at the position where the user needs. The main issue, service
availability is one of the essential tasks in mobile cloud computing because of the
resource constrained devices which have to be too economical in terms of energy
consumption. Based on the context, the mobile computing devices offload the
mobile application services to the cloud. Meanwhile, the chosen cloud service has
to be energy and cost aware. With that when and in what context the mobile
application is offloaded to which type of cloud is also to be considered. Based on
given concerns, this proposed work provides the platform to learn the context and
perform application offloading to appropriate cloud service. This work uses the
COSMOS setup with learning and decision algorithm to learn the pattern for
context aware computation.
Keywords: Computation Offloading, Cloud Service, Mobile Cloud, Service

Selection.
137
Analyzing the Effect of Cutting Oil Concentration & Machining

Parameters on Tool Wear, Surface Roughness & Hardness of
CNC Machine Turned surface using Taguchi Method
T. Prabaharan1 and B. Saravanan2

1
Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi-600025, India
2
VSVN Polytechnic College,Virudhunagar-626123,India
The experimental study aims at working out an optimum proportion of cutting oil
with water that provides good surface finish, increases the tool life & reduces the
work hardening effect due to machining. The study is performed on LMW
Smarturn CNC machine using Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array Design. The Data are
analysed using Signal to Noise Ratio & the optimum parameters are determined
using Multi Response Performance Index.
Keywords: Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array Design, Normalised S/N Ratio, Multi

Response Performance Index (MRPI).
138
Experimental Study on Sand Casting Process for

Improving Quality of Sand
M. Shanmugaraja 1 and T. Tharoon2

1
SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore-641035, India
2
Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641014, India.
The foremost objective of this research work is to improve the quality of casting
products of sand and to produce the casting products of sand with zero defects by
using various kind of optimization techniques such as Taguchi technique,
Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Green sand Shear strength, of the
sand is very essential to increase the quality of sand casting products. Initially, the
Taguchi analysis is done for optimizing the process parameters such as the content
of diethylene glycol content of dextrin and content of cellulose. The diethylene
glycol, dextrin and cellulose are sand additives which are added to sand at
different levels and remaining all adding agents such bentokole, bentonite, water
content which are kept a constant level in all type of testing sand. The experiments
have been as per Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. “Higher is best” S/N ratio
characteristic is used to estimate the means and Analysis of Variance table are
generated to determine the statistical significance of the parameters. Response
graphs are plotted to determine the preferred level for each parameter. By using
the Minitab soft tool, Response surface methodology is carried out. The regression
model, surface and contour plots are developed. It can be noted that increment of
diethylene glycol, cellulose and dextrin increases the Green sand Shear strength
and Compatibility. The diethylene glycol is maximum prompting factor on green
sand shear strength about 76.4% and on compatibility about 76.86%.
Keywords: Diethylene glycol, Dextrin, cellulose, Sand Casting, Quality, Shear

strength, Sand additives.
139
Modeling and Forecasting of Insurance System in India
TR.Kalai Lakshmi, R.Kaja Bantha Navas,

Chilamkurthi Veera Srikanthand Daggubati Sujay
Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600119, India
The report presents the CRISP - DM methodology for the statistical analysis for
the various insurance parameters like fraudulent claim, lead time between incident
date to policy date, claim amount, coverage amount, house holder income,
detectable finance. The process involved in the exploration, preparation, modeling
and evaluation of the datasets are described. Survey is conducted and the
secondary data analyzed through statistical analytical software SPSS. In order to
formulate the equation between important parameters like claim amount, house
holder income and detectable amount and coverage amount (response) so that
multiple regression as chosen and validated this model through SPSS. The paper
revealed that the forecasting of coverage amount. Time Series data covering the
period of May 2015 to 2021 was used for the study through Holts’ linear
exponential smoothing forecasting techniques. Coverage and claim segment
considers before taking decision like class segmentation and type of claim. The
results can be used to increase the clarity and identify directions for further
development of Indian insurance system.
Keywords: Indian Insurance, Fraud Detection, Multiple Regression, Holts’

Linear Exponential Smoothing Techniques, SPSS
140
Analysis and Optimization of Queueing Systems in

Airports – Discrete Event Simulation
K. Jayakrishna 1, Rishabh Jain1, Hrishikesh Bedekar1 and V. Kamala2

1
Vellore Institute Technology, Vellore-632014, India
2
The efficient management of Airports has been a priority to ensure the smooth
running of one of the most complex logistics and supply chain systems. The field
has shown a massive growth in terms of employment, cargo and baggage
transportation with improving facilities and passenger handling capacities. The
functioning of an airport involves certain formalities and there are a variety of
stages that a passenger goes through while interacting with several personnel,
protocols, screening and the whole airport environment in general. However, a
certain degree of randomness and uncertainty is involved in the whole process as a
definite occasion or certainty of movement of a passenger or baggage does not
exist. These stages occur randomly in a defined range as there is no fixed time of
their occurrence. The challenge posed makes it difficult to analyze this uncertain
scenario which can be made easier by creating a discrete simulation of the event.
This study aims at the simulation that can be used to identify bottlenecks in the
systems as well as to gain insight into the whole process. Similarly, the study
suggests multiple modified scenarios that provide a solution to the challenges in
existing systems that can be adopted by the industry in the near future.
Keywords: Optimisation, Queuing Systems, Airports.
141
Cross Layered Optimized MAC for CRWSN
J. Bala Vishnu
College Of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai-600025.
The proliferation of numerous wireless technologies and devices has resulted in

uneven usage of spectrum and massive energy consumption. In order to overcome
the spectral inefficiency as well as to satisfy the energy requirements of Wireless
Sensor Networks (WSN) an energy efficiency optimization in Medium Access
Control (MAC) is required for Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Networks
(CRWSN). This paper considers the design of developing a Cross layered
Optimization based MAC protocol for CRWSN which enables the unlicensed
users to access the licensed user’s spectrum in their absence. In the literature,
different techniques are adopted to optimize the energy efficiency. energy efficient
spectrum sensing and transmission was proposed by jointly determining optimal
sensing and transmission durationsfor Cognitive Radio Networks. In addition to
sensing duration, transmission power was also optimized for energy efficiency by
proposing an iterative algorithm with low computational complexity. apart from
sensing duration, transmission duration and power, optimization of number of
sensors used for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) is used to achieve energy
efficiency.A heuristic algorithm is used to choose the subset with minimum
average energy consumption for CSS was proposed. To reduce the computational
complexity, a sub-optimal algorithm was proposed in addition. However, none of
the aforementioned references has focused on the Duty Cycle of the sensor nodes
by considering sensors active and sleep durations. In this work the half interval
search and bisection method are considered to optimize the duty cycle of
CRWSN. The proposed Cross layered optimization based MAC can significantly
increase the energy efficiency and lifetime of CRWSN.
Keyword: wireless sensor Networks, CRWSN, MAC.
142
Intelligent Retinal Analysis System for Health Care Industry

towards Diagnosis of Retinal Diseases
R. Geetha Ramani, J. Jeslin Shanthamalar and B. Lakshmi

Health care industries greatly sought for intelligent health care systems to reduce
the workload of the medical practitioners and also provide precise diagnosis of
any disease at an early stage. In this paper, primarily a generic retinal heath care
system that investigates the retinal structures and abnormal structures to provide
insight on retinal diseases such as Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Occlusion etc.
Then the framework is fine tuned to detect Diabetic Retinopathy. The system
comprises of components for image acquisition, quality assessment, extraction of
retinal structures and abnormal structures, feature extraction and data mining
model for making decision. The data mining model utilises a two-level
classification model that eliminates noisy instances during the first phase and
builds an effective learning model from the clean data during the second stage.
The framework accurately classifies Diabetic Retinopathy at 96.14% on Diabetic
Retinopathy Debrechen database.
Keywords: Retina, Intelligent health care system, Diabetic Retinopathy, fundus

images.
143
Application of MQL for Sustainable EDM and Process

Parameter Optimization using ANN and GRA Method
Srinivas Viswanth, R. Ramanujam and G. Rajyalakshmi

VIT University, Vellore-632014, India.
In modern machining, electric discharge machining (EDM) process, is an

established process for machining the hard materials of intricate geometrical
complexities of an electrically conductive material. Near dry EDM is evidenced to
be the energy efficient process compared to the wet EDM. This paper addresses
the experimental analysis for EDM process on duplex stainless steel 2205 grade
material under minimum quantity lubrication(MQL) for improving the
sustainability. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array experimental design has been
executed for varying input parameters like pulse-on time, pulse-off time, current
and voltage. The machining performance are analysed by measuring the material
removal rate(MRR), electrode wear rate(EWR) and surface roughness(SR). The
obtained results are analyzed by artificial neural network (ANN) and grey
relational analysis (GRA) for the multi-response optimization. In multi-response
optimization, the optimum combination of parameters derived using GRA lead to
the improvement of surface roughness to 2.9802µm, and material removal rate
5.9878 mm3/min at optimal parameters levels (TON=450µs, TOFF=100µs,
current=8A, and voltage=6V). From the results, Optimization of MQL based near
dry EDM process proved some benefits in terms of improved sustainability
characteristics.
Keywords: Minimum Quantity Lubrication, Sustainability, Electrical Discharge

Machining, Grey Relational ship analysis, Multiresponse
optimisation.
144
Prioritisation of unsafe acts contributing to human failure in

petroleum drilling process using Multi Criteria Decision
Making Techniques
R.Robert Johnson, Gowri Rajagopal and M.Rajmohan

Human is not error proof and they intend to make mistake which in turn have high
impact on operation especially in petroleum drilling process where a small
mistake may cause disruption in the process. Hence, this paper is aimed to identify
the unsafe acts contributing to human failure which leads to disruption in
petroleum drilling process. These factors are identified and classified under four
group based on human error model and human factor classification system. Failure
Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method is used to prioritise the factor based on
the risk priority number (RPN). This RPN method has been criticized for its
several limitations. In order to overcome the limitations present in the RPN based
prioritization, hybrid method comprising of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
andTechnique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)
were applied for prioritising the unsafe acts contributing to human failure in
petroleum drilling process. Based on the analysis, the most contributing factor to
the human failure are rule based mistakes, knowledge based mistake and attention
failures.
Keywords: Human Failure, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Technique for Order

of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution.
145
Stochastic Analysis of a / / retrial queue with optional

service, starting failure and single vacation
D. Arivudainambiand M. Gowsalya
Anna University,Chennai-600025, India
The retrial queueing model with optional service, starting failure and single
vacation have been analyzed. Single server provides the first essential service
followed by an optional service for the arriving primary customers or repeated
customers in which their arrival is according to a Poisson process. During the start
of the service, the server may be subject to starting failure which causes an
unreliable situation in the system. System subject to starting failure is immediately
sent for repair. Arriving primary customers will be serviced immediately if the
server is free or else the customer will join the orbit which is a pool of unsatisfied
customers who have found the server busy during their arrival and repeat their
request after some random time. If there is zero customer in the orbit, the server
may take a single vacation. After completion of the vacation, the server comes
back to the service facility despite there being zero customer in the orbit. He has to
remain idle till the arrival of a customer. With the use of a supplementary variable
technique, the steady state solution for the proposed model has been obtained. The
effect of the various parameters on the performance measures have been obtained.
Keywords: Retrial queues, single vacation, Starting failure, Optional service,

Stochastic decomposition.
146
Camp Site Selection For Operational Efficiency

In Special Task Force [STF], Tamilnadu
Shankar Jiwal and R Dilli Babu

College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University Chennai 600025
Special task force of Tamilnadu police is in being for last 18 years with a major
revision of mandate midcourse. It has a cut & dry mandate. Over years,
certain practices, mostly by progressive learning, have taken roots. As stated
supra, there seems to be quite a scope for applying a system study in restrictive
arena of operations to bring in better results. Keeping above premise in mind, one
of the major concerns of STF is locating camps for operational teams to cover the
jurisdiction. Traditionally this has been done by choosing one of available
alternatives without any scientific analysis. The choice of site just took the
premises in consideration & the availability of water etc. However, with
passage of time, the frequency of men’s movement has increased. In addition,
with menacing advance of Maoists in Kerala across the border, the security of
camp, response in case of emergency etc havebeen the added considerations. Thus
it becomes imperative that site election for locating an operations camp be
subjected to a scientific method that is scalable. Thus this paper looks into the
problem & suggest the optimal solution.
This paper focuses on key questions of criteria for selecting a site for locating
operations camp; method of ranking should be selected for evaluating the criteria;
scalability & application to the field; & the add ons that can be built on
the model for further studies. For the purpose, the paper proposes a model for
culling out the site selection criteria from the experts in STF, develop
questionnaires after choosing an appropriate ranking method & apply the
same to come to an optimal solution amongst available choices.
Keywords: STF, operational camp, Borda count method
147
Modular Package Design – A Sustainable Solution for

Variable Product Sizes in a Product Family
J. Marshal Louieand B. Kumar

Anna University, Chennai- 600025,India
Delivering the demanded quantity and quality of products on time to the customer
keeps the Industry rooted in the global market. Although Industrial Packages
provide a solution for distributing products globally for decades, optimizing the
package to product size becomes difficult when product size variability is high.
Customized package for each product size in a product family increases the
product quantity on shipment and reduces the space wastage on trucks and
warehouse. The key factor of this research paper is to design a new modular
industrial package which can adopt both design adaptability and product
adaptability to enable customization depending on customer functional
requirement for variable product sizes in a product family. The modular package
design helps to maximize unit load efficiency, minimize package material wastage
and improve the effective ways of utilizing the truck space and warehouse floor
space area. From the manufacturing strategy analysis of the developed design, it is
understood that the modularity function also enables process postponement which
helps in reducing lead time on uncertain demand.
Keywords: Industrial Packaging, Modularization, Customization, Cube

Optimization.
148
Design of Agile Supply Chain Model for Footwear Industry
Abdul Kadar
University College of Engineering, Arni- 632326, India
Agile supply chains aid manufacturing companies to produce quickly innovative

products and offer innovative services which will delight the customers. This
paper reports a research in which an exclusive model for developing and
managing agile supply chains in footwear industry was designed. This model is
named as agile supply chain for footwear industry (ASFI). ASFI has been
designed for implementation in footwear manufacturing companies through eleven
steps. On implementing these steps, agile supply chains are developed and
managed in the footwear manufacturing company. The unique feature of ASFI
model is that it is incorporated with both the theoretical and practical knowledge
which make the development and management of agile supply chains systematic
and practical for enabling the footwear manufacturing companies to face the
intensification of competition and emerge as winners in the global markets.
Keywords: Agile manufacturing, Supply chain management, agile supply chain

management, footwear industry, innovative ideas, information
technology.
149
The role of bullwhip Effect to Improve the Performance of the

Supply chain and Illustration with Balanced Score Card
T.V.S. Raghavendra
Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Technology, Chittoor- 627855,India
The Supply chain is a bridge between demand and supply. It conveys the demand
to the supply point and delivers the quantity to the demand point. It is a network
that facilitates the functions of procurement of materials, the transformation of
these materials into intermediate and finished products and the distribution of
these finished products to customers. An important phenomenon often observed in
the supply chain is bullwhip effect. It means demand variability increases as we
move up in the supply chain. The bullwhip effect represents the information
distortion in customer demand between orders to supplier and sales to the
consumers. This phenomenon is also known as the Forrester effect or ‘bull-whip
effect’.Many methods have been suggested over the years for Supply Chain
Management (SCM) evaluation of organization. However, a balanced approach to
evaluate SCM is a source of increasing cost and concern to management, as
traditional methods focus only on well-known financial measures.
Keywords: SCM, Bullwhip Effect.
150
A Genectic Algorithm based Approach to find the

Best Base Stock Levels and Review Periods for a
Serial Supply Chain with Lost Sales and Virtual Backlog
R. Rajasekaran1 , A. Pal Pandi2, D. Gopi1 and K. P. Paranitharan1

1
2
BharathNiketan Engineering College, Aundipatti-625531, India.
The supply chain (SC) is the system of all the resources, individuals, activities and
technology involved in the creation and sale of a product in organizations. Each
member of the supply chain maintain inventory in the name of base stock, to
overcome the complications on demand, process and supply existing along the SC.
Usually three types of assumptions are discussed in the inventory literature to
typify the excess customer demand when the demand is more than the on-hand
inventory at a stage. They are full backordering, partial backordering and lost-
sales. In this paper, an attempt is made to address this lost-sales issue, for the
reason that in the present competitive scenario, consumers have no time to wait for
the goods they require. Therefore, a huge loss is faced by the members of the SC
when a customer is lost. In this regard, it becomes necessary for firms to know and
maintain the levels of base-stock inventory at various stages in a SC so that its
members are able to minimize or evade lost-sales. A systematic literature review
was carried out to study the various complications of inventory factors in terms of
different policies wherein majority of inventory models presume full backordering
of excess demand. This paper discusses the determination of optimum base stock
level with help of mathematical model followed by an efficient meta-heuristic
algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) to decide the best base-stock levels at
different stages and review periods / ordering periods in a serial SC so as to
minimize the Total Supply Chain Cost. This paper addresses the supply chain
comprising of four members having periodic review policy mechanism with
different base stock levels and review periods, considering lost-sales and virtual
backlog at retailer end.
Keywords: Supply Chain, Periodic review policy, Mathematical Model, Genetic

Algorithm, Lost-sales and virtual backlog.
151
Relationship among Tax Revenue, Gross Domestic Production

and Budget Deficit in Developing Country: A Case in Sri Lanka
V.Anojan and B.Nimalathasan

University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka
The focus of this study is to find out impact of tax revenue on gross domestic
production and budget deficit. Also this study attempted to identify the
relationship among tax revenue, gross domestic production and budget deficit of
the Sri Lanka from 1990 to 2015. There are very few studies in this research area.
Sri Lanka has budget deficit in every year budget; it is increasing in every year.
Every country is trying for the sustainable development so budget deficit is one of
the vital problem for the sustainable development of any country. Here researcher
considered direct and indirect tax revenue. Secondary data used in this study such
secondary data collected from the central bank report Sri Lanka. Further this study
attempted to find the impact of tax revenue on gross domestic production and to
find the impact of tax revenue on the budget deficit, Sri Lanka. Descriptive
analysis, graphical analysis, regression and correlation analysis were performed in
this study. Correlation analysis confirmed that there is positive significant
relationship among the gross domestic production, tax revenue and budget deficit
of Sri Lanka. Adjusted R2 confirmed that more than 90% budget deficit and gross
domestic production impact by direct and indirect tax revenue. Indirect tax
revenue significantly impact on the gross domestic production of Sri Lanka (P <
0.01). There is no significant impact of direct tax and indirect tax revenue on
budget deficit of the country so Sri Lanka should try to find out factors/ economic
indicators/ variables which are having significant impact on the budget deficit.
Keywords: Direct Tax Revenue, Non-direct Tax Revenue, Gross Domestic

Production, Budget Deficit, Developing Country and Sri Lanka.
152
Decoding the Strategic Organizational Disaster Risk

Communication: A Study on the Internal Dimension of
Crisis Management
Mahalakshmi Selvaraj and Sunitha Kuppuswamy

The study is an attempt to understand and analyse and evaluate the communication
adopted by corporateorganizations towards risk management strategies foreseeing
the imminent environmental hazards like floods, cyclone and other country-
specific (Indian) hazards. The crisis communication research intends to throw
light on the effectiveness of organizational communication in managing crises
from an internal perspective. The business domain studied in the current research
is Information Technology (IT) industry that thrives on communication.
Organizational risk communication takes place during various phases of crisis like
crisis prevention, crisis preparedness, crisis response and post-crisis management.
How the employees perceive the “mediated-risk” and interpret the relevant
communication is vital for rolling out effective crisis management strategies.
Keywords: Intra-organizational communication, Organizational risk

communication, Crisis management, Strategic communication,
Emergency planning.
153
A Warranty Approach for a Two Echelon Reverse

Supply Chain with Uncertainties in Production Quantity,
Demanded Collection Yield
Sarada Yedidaand Sangeetha Sekar

The significance of remanufacturing used products by restoring the quality and

ability to operate as equivalent to the new products has been very beneficial and
cost-effective and is almost practiced in many industries ranging from furniture to
automobile. This paper addresses a two echelon reverse supply chain comprising
of a manufacturer and a retailer where the manufacturer produces the
remanufactured products in the reverse channel and sells them to the retailer who
in turn sells the finished products to the end customers. Also, the retailer collects
the returned/used/collected products from the end users and sells them to the
manufacturer in order to fulfill its order quantity. The profit functions of the
manufacturer and the retailer are obtained. Under such a reverse supply chain
structure, the retailer offers a basic Pro-rata warranty for the remanufactured
products in order to establish the importance of providing a warranty. The market
demand of the retailer is assumed to be linearly dependent on price, warranty
period and quality of the products. The collection yield and the production
quantity and demand of the remanufactured items are assumed to be stochastic. A
game theoretic approach is employed to solve the model. Numerical illustrations
reveal the advantage of providing warranty for the remanufactured products under
the proposed reverse supply chain framework.
Keywords: Pro-Rata Warranty; 2-Echelon Reverse Supply Chain; Expected

Profit; Random Yield; Stochastic Demand.
154
Financial time series clustering of Indian manufacturing

organization’s stock price data using Expectation
Maximization algorithm
N.Ayyanathan1A.Shilpa Periyanayaki 2 and C.Krishnaraj1

1
Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore-641032, India
2
Cognizant Technology Solutions, Chennai, India
Financial Time series clustering and Investment pattern recognition of Bharath

Heavy Electrical Limited, an Indian manufacturing company’s stock price data, is
the undertaken research problem. The necessity for identifying the natural groups
or patterns in the time series data of stock price in assessing the market direction is
the problem statement. The data set was obtained from the web resources of
National stock exchange of India, which comprises of the details of opening and
closing price, the high and low price for a day, number of trades and the total
amount of transactions. The expectation maximization algorithm of machine
learning topology was opted for the training and testing the expert system. The
implementation was done using the data mining research tool WEKA. The results
are interpreted and discussed extensively.
Keywords: Bharath Heavy Electricals Limited, Stock price data, Financial

Engineering, Time series clustering, Data Analytics, Expectation
maximization algorithm.
155
Determination of an Optimal Shipping Speed Considering

Different Sea State to Reduce Carbon Footprint
Puneet Goel, P. Asokan and R. Jeyapaul

National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli - 620015, India
The study was motivated insight of increasing pollution levels across the world.
Global climate change is one of the most challenging issues for climate scientists.
It is global and long-lasting. Due to increasing fuel prices, the major proportion of
operational costs goes to the fuel consumed by ship. So, to view today's economic
and environmental conditions, it is not only necessary but mandatory to operate
the ships more efficiently and reduce the carbon footprint as far as possible. This
paper addresses operational parameters speed optimization for different sea states
to reduce the fuel consumption and hence cut Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
Keywords: GHG – Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fuel Consumption, International

Shipping, Ship speed, Sea State
156
An Analysis of NABARD Refinancing to Other Financial

Institutions in India in the Year 2016-17
V.R.Radhaakrishnan and V.M.Shenbagaraman

SRM University, Kattankulathur-603203, India
The Department of Refinancing is a separate department of NABARD which

deals with short-term and long-term refinancing to state co-operative banks,
regional rural banks, commercial banks, public sector banks for primary
Agricultural credit societies and for non-banking financing companies
(NBFCs).The primary objective of refinancing is to supplement their resources for
providing adequate credit for supporting investment activities of farmers and rural
artisans. The objective of this analysis is to find out whether the NABARD has
reached its objective of refinancing to various financial institutions and the target
which was set by NABARD was reached by other financial institutions or not. If
not what was the reason behind this is analysed in this study.
Keywords: Refinancing, NABARD, State Co-operative Bank, Agricultural Credit,

NBFCs.
157
Barrier Analysis for Lean And Green Supply Chain Management

in Indian Industries Using Analytic Hierarchy Process
B. Lokesh Prabhuraj, S. Lalith Kishorr and A. Gnanavelbabu

Manufacturing industries started adopting the green supply chain and lean concept
in their supply chain management and operations recently to focus on
environmental issues. Evidences show that combination of lean and green practice
lead to great results, higher than the sum of their individual performances. But,
industries still struggle to identify barriers hindering green supply chain
management and lean implementation. Comparing the Indian industries with the
global industries, Indian industries face more problems in implementing the lean
and Green concepts. This work specifically focuses the scenario of Indian
Industries and focuses on identifying common barriers to the implementation of a
green supply chain management (GSCM) and lean practices based on procurement
effectiveness. A total of 17 common barriers of lean and GSCM were identified
and classified into 5 main barrier category, both through detailed literature and
discussion with academic experts and through a questionnaire-based survey from
various industries.
The questionnaire was sent to few South Indian industries to get their preferences
of the common barriers. The essential barriers/priorities are identified through
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The data and output obtained were verified for
consistency by using the consistency ratio of AHP. The relative weights and
global weights were found for the barriers and they are prioritized and ranked. The
common barriers which were identified cannot be eradicated at one stroke but can
be removed slowly.
Keywords: Lean, Green supply chain management, Barriers, Analytic Hierarchy

Process.
158
An Overview of RFID Technology Applications and

Diffusion in Supply Management
Videsh Desingh,R. Baskaran and K. Padmanabhan Panchu

Supply chain management (SCM) is the control of resources, information, and

capital as they move in the whole process from provider to consumer. Logistics
plays a vital part in the universal supply chain due to emerging trends. Many
supply chain service providers have realized the significance of technological
adoption that can help manufacturers, distributor, and warehouses to communicate
with each other more efficiently. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of
the most capable technological innovations, with the potential to increase supply
chain transparency and gain process efficiency. The main objective of this paper is
to review the concept of RFID technology and its application, diffusion in supply
chain management. Some of the important observations are: (a) there is a lack of
adequate research on RFID implementation issues (b) the trade-off between
responsiveness and the cost of logistics needs further study. The paper ends with
concluding remarks.
Keywords: RFID, Supply Chain Management, Logistics, Key issues.
159
Evolution and need for Hybrid Cloud Enterprise

Resource Planning Systems
N. Anvarali Shahul Hameed, R.Baskaran and A.K.Sheik Manzoor

Anna University, Chennai- 600025,India
Purpose - The main purpose of this paper is a descriptive literature review on

evolution and need of Hybrid cloud Enterprise resource planning (ERP) among
organizations.
Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology followed was

exploratory study followed by a content analysis methodology suggested by
Mayring 2004 was adopted for this study.
Findings: The number of studies in literature on Hybrid cloud ERP is low when
compared to that in the area of cloud ERP implementation. There is huge demand
for hybrid cloud ERP is observed.
Orginality/value: This is the first comprehensive research that aims to analyze all
the literature review in Hybrid cloud ERP field. The specific analysis provides
critical detail for researchers to find the needed research. The discussion of this
paper can be very valuable and helpful for assisting researchers to find their
directions, and contributing to the development of literature reviews in hybrid
cloud ERP research field.
Research imitations/implications: Researchers, Academicians can use this review

study for choose a desired methodology for reviewing hybrid cloud ERP.
Keywords: Enterprise Resource Planning, Cloud ERP, Hybrid Cloud ERP, Cloud
computing.
160
A Decision Support Strategy for Jatropha Seed Collection for

Biodiesel Making through Graphical Approach
S.P.Srinivasan1 and G.Deenadayalan2

1
Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai- 602105, India
2
VelTech University, Chennai-600062, India
Oil from Jatropha and Pongamia seeds are more appropriate in the production of
bio-diesel. This bio energy replaces petro-diesel and deserves specific attention.
However the warehousing and distribution of oil seeds is highly a dense task. This
issue is being addressed by many supply chain models using different algorithms
namely, Markov chain process, Integer Programming, Benders decomposition,
etc.,. The above mentioned algorithms give variety of solutions in the respective
systems. The proposed model recommends the method of finding the optimal
distribution center(s) of Jatropha seed through optimized unilateral graphical
approach with possible and necessary constraints. (Whichever applicable, and
wherever needed).The supply chain process consists of four different levels of
modules. This paper is focused on the initial level of process to identify the
appropriate solution of distribution method using graphical approach
algorithmically. The resultant solution obtained may go ahead to the next level of
the module in the supply chain with network.
Keywords: Jatropha, Graphtheory, Decision support system, Supply chain,

Distribution.
161
Literature review of Applications of Business Intelligence,

Business Analytics and Competitive Intelligence
Vikram Shende 1and R. Panneerselvam2

1
Mahindra Trucks and Bus Division, Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd.,
Pune -400018, India
2
Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
Indian Organisations are undergoing evolution in terms of Customer requirements,

New Technologies, Government Policies & Regulatory Changes at par with
developed countries, surmounting competition and cost consciousness of Indian
customer. Organisations needs to realign strategies to sustain and grow in
business, needs to come up with future Products & Services. In a nut shell, future
Organisations needs to be wiser. This paper covers research paper study on recent
techniques such as Business Intelligence (BI), Business Analytics (BA) and
Competitive Intelligence (CI). Study discovers that, though BI and BA works on
data differs in its use, BI is analysing past and BA is exploring future. CI
essentially means understanding and learning what's happening in the world
outside within your business so you can be as competitive as possible.Study
provides conceptual view to formulate framework for future Strategic Decision
Support System (DSS) integrating with Organisational Processes, encompassing
CI to provide Competitor information, BI provides past data analysis, and BA to
support future prediction.
Keywords: Business Intelligence (BI), Business Analytics (BA), Competitive

Intelligence (CI), Decision Support System (DSS), Strategy.
162
Design of Optimal Inventory Plan for Blood Supply Chain

using Data Analytics
S. Selvakumar, P. Shahabudeen and Sajan Varghese

Blood has always been a critical part of healthcare. In the recent past, blood
supply chain has attracted many research works dealing with improving its
performance. Data analytics is currently a very promising problem solving
approach in almost every domain. With every passing day, the scope of data
analytics is growing leaps and bounds. In this work, data from a blood bank
operating in Chennai was used to analyse the working performance of the blood
bank. Lack of a centralized system in the blood supply chain in Chennai and latest
reports claiming high wastage makes this work very relevant. Using data mining
techniques, valuable information was obtained from the enormous data from blood
bank. Simulation models were developed using these information and alternate
systems and policies to the existing system were modelled. The alternate systems
were evaluated based on MVI (performance index). Out of the alternates
experimented; the pull type system gave best results. From the simulation
experimental results, it is found that, a shift to a pull type blood supply chain will
result in bridging the deficit in blood supply that almost every city in India faces.
Keywords: Supply chain, Blood Bank, Inventory, Simulation, Data Analysis.
163
An Integrated Fuzzy DEMATEL- TOPSIS Approach for

Operational and Financial Performance for
South Indian Major Ports
C. Gayathriand V. Kamala
Anna University, Chennai– 600025, India
A Port is a location on a coast with harbours where ships can dock and transfer
people or cargo from land to sea and vice versa. The Port plays a major role in
international trade and is the nerve of foreign trade of a country. The objective of
this study is to evaluate and rank the major south Indian ports based on operational
and financial performance of the ports. Fuzzy based decision making trial and
evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is used to assign the weights for criteria.
Technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)
methodology is used to rank the south Indian ports. The analysis covers the period
between 2010-2015 to assess the operational and financial performance. In the
proposed framework, financial performance is calculated using financial ratios.
The integrated DEMATEL-TOPSIS approach facilitates to analyse the best part’s
operational and financial position
Keywords: Port performance, MCDM, DEMATEL, TOPSIS, South Indian ports.
164
Demand Prediction in Supply Chain Management using

Geo-Social Factors
Janani Krıshnamurthy and M.R.Sumalatha

Madras Institue of Technoology, Anna University Chennai-600044, India
The massive improvements in the field of Supply chain management (SCM) have
paved way for the data analysts to enhance the decision support systems in SCM
by accurately predicting the demand for that particular product. The major focus
of Supply Chain Management for demand prediction is on user feedback data. The
vital qualitative performance measure of SCM is the customer satisfaction.
Generally, User ratings and reviews are taken as the measure of user satisfaction
but the accuracy of the ratings predicted for demand prediction is less. The
existing system uses the Haversine method for calculating the various geo-social
factors which in turn is used to find out the ratings and ultimately the demand is
predicted. However, the Vincenty method is proved to be more accurate than
Haversine method in terms of distance estimation used in calculation of geo-social
factors. So, the proposed system uses the Vincenty method for calculation of geo-
social factors. The three Geo-Social factors include User-User Geo-Social factor,
User-Item Geo-Social factor and product quality factor. All the three factors are
used to find the rating which helps in predicting the overall demand and the error
rate is found by Mean Square Error (MAE).
Keywords: Big data analytics; Supply Chain Management; Demand prediction.
165
Big Data Driven Supply Chain Management in

Sugarcane Industry
K.Kaviya, G.V.Ajay Seshatthri and M.R.Sumalatha

Madras Institue of Technoology, Anna University Chennai-600044, India
Supply Chain Management involves managing the movement of raw materials,

internalprocessing of materials into finished goods and the movement of finished
goods towards the end consumer. Various challenges are associated with Supply
Chain Management such as sustainability and risk management. Individual
suppliers, producers and marketers who with supply chain, coordinate their
activities with one another. The success of a supply chain depends on how well
activities coordinate across the supply chain to create value for end users, while
increasing the profitability of the supply chain. Costs incurred at each phase of the
supply chain are dependent on each other. Extensive pre-planning and co-
ordination are required up and down the entire supply chain. The agricultural
supply chain is fraught with more challenges. In this work Solutions have been
incorporated in the Supply Chain Management of sugarcane industry. Sugarcanes
are being harvested and processed in tonnes day by day. Thus this crop has to be
monitored on a daily basis. This model proposes a way to identify the various
possible risks that can occur during this supply chain and to mitigates them by a
multi criteria decision making model (MCDM) to handle crop monitoring and
route optimization during harvesting.
Keywords: Supply Chain Management, Big Data, MCDM, Sugarcane Industry.
166
Intelligent Transport System using VANET for

Emergency Medical Services
N.Srivatsan, R.Kavinraj, and M.R.Sumalatha

Madras Institue of Technoology, Anna University Chennai-600044,India
The Intelligent Transport System (ITS), provides innovative services related to

different modes of transport, different kind of roads and traffic management, that
various users to be well informed and make safer, more coordinated and smarter
use of Transport systems. The current challenges in emergency medical services
include taking more time for transportation to reach a patient, to transport the
victim, to slow down by the traffic. The main objective is to provide a proper
framework for Traffic monitoring system and to manage traffic by rerouting
vehicles. In the existing approach, the traffic constraint is not considered for the
propagation of the emergency services. Congestion is usually looked at as the
number of vehicles that pass through a point in a window of time, or a flow. This
proposed system incoporates the design of an module to monitor and control
traffic using Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Using ITS, the cars in a
network can communicate with each other and thus by dissemination of data
between the vehicles, the efficiency of the transport system can be increased. So
when an emergency vehicle arrives the nearby vehicles are notified for emergency
and the priority is given to the emergency vehicle so, that the other cars causing
traffic are rerouted and made to change the lanes to provide way to the emergency
vehicle. The proposed system outperforms in providing emergency service
effectively compared to the existing systems.
Keywords: Intelligent Transport System, VANET, Big Data.
167
Reducing Waiting Time of Commercial Trucks Across

State Borders in South India
S. Vasanthraj and M. Rajmohan

Anna University, Chennai – 600 025, India
Every state in India in exercise of its constitutional powers regulates the

movement of vehicles and commodities across the state’s borders and administrate
the taxes, fees, and also penalties in case of violation. The procedures of scrutiny
are performed at inter-state check posts located on the state’s borders. The check
posts of various departments include Motor Vehicle (or Regional Transport
Office), Excise department, Forest department and Animal Husbandry department.
Not all the check post has every one of these departments. Each department check
post functions independently. Currently there is no arrangement for data sharing
among the departmental check posts leading to duplication of work and waste of
resources. This work discusses the main factors which are responsible for the
waiting time of commercial vehicles in state border check post and also suggest
some solutions that can reduce the waiting time of trucks.
Keywords: Supply chain management, waiting time, Pareto chart.
168
Application of Lean Sourcing for Improving the Supply Chain

Process of Original Equipment Manufacturer
1
P. Amirtha Ganesh, 2B. Madan, 3M.Rajmohan
1
Ashok Leyland Technical Centre - R&DChennai-600103, India
2
Bosch Electrical Drives India Pvt Ltd Chennai-602105, India
3
Ever since the inception of Globalization, the impact of Competition is deeply felt
among all Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) across all domains. The
Globalization had caused a Paradigm Shift that is from the Producer’s push
markets to Customer Pull markets and thereby making the customer the ultimate
authority for deciding the profitability of the Business. Despite the Phenomenal
change in the functional structure of the Global markets, the Competitive pricing
system remained the same, in fact became more predominant than before and
became a burden for OEMs. Sever Global Competitions made OEMs to resort to
Cost Reduction Principles. The Cost Reduction Principles fundamentally aligned
with the waste elimination which was later named as “Lean – Concepts”. Initially
these Lean – Concepts were experimented on the Manufacturing and Production
process at factory environment and their success made it as a universal solution
for all OEMs across all domains. This paper aims at developing a generic robust
model for Lean sourcing to improve the supply chain process of OEMs by
application of ‘Tierization’ principle. This model helps in reduction of lean wastes
thereby ameliorating and streamlining supply chain processes of OEMs and the
proposed model is also versatile, capable of applicating in diverse disciplines.
Keywords: Lean, Supply Chain, OEM.
169
Prioritization of Major Barriers in Implementing

Green Supply Chain Management Concepts in
South Indian Construction Industries
V. Prakashraj and M. Rajmohan

Supply chain is the term used to describe the linkage of companies that turns a
series of basic materials, products or services into a finished product for the client.
Supply chain management is the integral and important part of organization to
increase the profit of the organization. Green supply chain management (GSCM)
aims to make supply chain management (SCM) a more viable and sustainability
option by integrating green concepts with traditional supply chain management.
There are many studies on green supply chain management in manufacturing
industries, but few studies in the construction industries. Though there are many
studies on construction supply chain management, but few in the construction
green supply chain management (CGSCM). Green supply chain management
(GSCM) has become a counter measure for sustainability in the construction
industry. Indian construction industries started implementing the green concept in
their supply chain management newly to focus on environmental impact. But
Indian construction industries still struggle to identify barriers of green supply
chain implementation. This paper mainly focuses on identifying crucial barriers to
the successful implementation of a green supply chain management (GSCM) in
south Indian construction industries. Major barriers were identified through
exhaustive literature survey and prioritization of the barriers is carried out using
Analytic Hierarchy Process. The barrier categories are ranked and the top three
barrier categories identified are Environmental Related, Financial Related and
Government and Policy Related respectively. Suggestions can be made to
overcome these barriers which could result in cost benefits, reduction of wastes
and positive impact on the reputation of the organization apart from the obvious
environmental advantages.
Keywords: Green supply chain management (GSCM), South Indian construction

industry, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).
170
Wellness Programs and Engagement of IT Workforce
M. John Britto1 and R. Magesh2

1
Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600119, India
2
Anna University, Chennai-600025,India
Physical, mental and spiritual well-being is the secret to success but employees in
their quest for glory and money fail to maintain a balance between the three. The
workplace is the most affected when wellness of employees is at stake which
would eventually decide the culture and fate of organisations in a dynamic global
village. The current research analyses the effect of wellness programs at the
workplace on employee engagement.
Keywords: Wellness Programs, Information Technology, Vigour, Dedication,

Absorption, Engagement.
171
Library Book Management System (LBMS) -Mobile Application

Using WiFi Positioning System
G.Bhuvaneswari, S.Monish and M. R. Sumalatha

Madras Institute of Technology,Anna University Chennai- 600044,India.
Library Book Management System (LBMS) follows handling of books using

traditional DBMS method, web services, RFID technology and robots.
Eventhough the technology is greatly improved in recent years, the challenges
involved in handling of missing books and identifying the location of the book
still prevails. Identification and location of books can be improved by using
internet of things and mobile applications. Presently RFID tags are used to
identify the book in the libraries with the help of RFID tags and RFID readers, but
RFID tags are limited to only few centimeters. Robots used for LBMS handles for
the instruction specified by the user butthere is no multi robot team to co-ordinate
the activities, also this approach is highly expensive. Hence we have proposed a
solution by using Wi-Fi modules instead of RFID tags which can be used for
LBMS. In the proposed system, a smart mobile application is developed for
LBMS. This uses Wi-Fi Positioning System (WPS) which gives complete
positioning of books in library and each user can locate the book from the mobile.
Date of renewal and date of return are automatically generated to the user’s
mobile and an alert message is provided when the due date exceeds. Also this
application identifies the misplaced books and supports in repositioning.
Keywords: RFID, Wi-Fi Positioning System, Library book location, Indoor

Positioning System.

172
Mobile based Asset Mapping by Crowdsourcing Approach in

Thiruvannamalai District Tamil Nadu – India
M. Sivakumar, M. Navamuniyammal and R. Vidhya

In societal development andrecreation work, the asset details are needed for
evaluating the new requirement and necessities. In the current situation, asset
details are monitored and maintained in paper and hard copy document based
information, this approach will not be suited for computer based problem finding
and results recommendations. Being in digital era, geo tagging based asset
mapping of physical assets like the public utility and other user group requirement
may not be carried out by existing legacy system. Geo-tagging based asset
mapping using mobile app through web application is more effective to public
administration and end user utility mapping. Geo taggingthe public utility in large
scale by outsourcing approach not recommended because, that will take long time
to geo-tag the whole site information. In outsourcing approach, geo-tagging public
and private assets is more problem oriented and not be satisfactory to the desired
level. So the geo tagging of the public and private utility assets were carried out by
crowdsourcing approach. Thecrowdsourcing is better solutions for geo tagging the
public and private utilities such problem which easily carried out by disseminating
the importance and motivation to the society, end user, participatory community
and other group of people to geo-tag assets. With adequate capacity building and
information dissemination to the user groups, the private and public asset details
effectively geo-tagged and uploaded in the central server with required attribute
details. The mobile based asset mapping using crowdsourcing helped to geo-tag
the public and private utility assets and its information may be useful to local
planning and governance to empower the society.
Keywords: Geo-Tag, Crowdsourcing, Asset Mapping, Mobile App.
173
A Study of Crossover Operators of Genetic Algorithm &

Development of New Crossover Operator to Solve Heterogeneous
Vehicle Routing Problem with the Time Windows
Sachin Kumar Nagle and R.Paneerselvam

Pondicherry University, Kalapet-605014, Puducherry
Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem with the Time Windows (HVRPWTW)

is a more practical variant of classical Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). The
complexity in solving this problem is increases exponentially as it is defined as
N-P hard combinatorial problem. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is widely applied
Nobel algorithm and it is a very effective to solve such problems. GA generates
optimum results in a less computational time, effectiveness of GA is relay on its
operator such as Selection, Crossover and mutations. The main objective of this
paper is to studying of various Crossover Operators of Genetic Algorithm &
Development of New Crossover Operator to Solve Heterogeneous Vehicle
Routing Problem with the Time Windows.
Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Crossover Operators, Heterogeneous Vehicle

Routing Problem and Time Windows.
174

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Third International Conference on Advances in Industrial Engineering Applications, ICAIEA 2018

January 3-5, 2018, Anna University, Chennai, India

Engineering Education in a Globalized World

Prof. Krishnaswami (Hari) Srihari

At present, several effective models of international collaboration actively and

associated strategies address academia’s needs and impact a broad spectrum

The design and implementation of comprehensive international programs requires

Keywords: Engineering Education, Internationalization, Globalization,

Airport Terminal Capacity Analysis based Discrete Event

Prof. Prasad K D V Yarlagadda

processes and stakeholders. These stakeholders could be government entities

Human Factors Engineering (HFE) is an applied science, which draws on many

Big Data Analyticsin Logisticsand Supply Chain Management:

Prof. Angappa Gunasekaran

IoT/Analytics role in Outcome based Industrial Production

Fluctuation in demand results in frequent production capacity adjustment and puts

Unplanned outage results in hefty penalty to be paid

High Frequency Demand Forecasting:

Demand fluctuation is very dynamic in today’s environment with the use of

Simulation of Discrete Manufacturing Systems

Simulation is an indispensable problem-solving methodology for the solution of

Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over

A discrete-event simulation is an approach based on the assumption that the state

Partial list of applications of simulation:

Identify the Location of ambulances to minimise the travel time

Decide the number of tellers in a bank.

Compute the In process inventory in a production line.

Surgeons schedule in a hospital.

Number and location of robots in an assembly line.

Maintenance schedules for air lines

Spare part inventory management

Production scheduling etc.

Who will be benefited?

Executives in charge of decision making concerning complex production systems,

Overview of Design of Experiments and Extensions

The “Design and Analysis of Experiments (DOE)” focuses on designing

The applications of DOE are focused on different systems and procedures,

Need for Design of Experiments

DOE is useful in achieving the following:

Identification and understanding of interactions among the factors in the

Improvement of the robustness of the design or process to variation

Experimental Design Techniques

The experimental design techniques are classified into Completely randomized

In this talk we address few applications of Operations Research - Linear

A brief description of these is as follows:

Convoy Problem – Application of shortest path algorithms to convoy routeing

Tendering problem – An integer programming application to multiple bidders for

A grouping and layout problem – A quadratic programming application with

Location modelling for healthcare – An integer programming application with

Data Envelopment Analysis – Specific to IPL teams, hospitals

Ideal point problem in marketing – Linkages with stable marriage problem –

Meta-heuristics for Engineering Optimisation

Engineering optimization is the subject to achieve design goals in engineering.

Whatever be the application, every optimization problem is defined with

In the era of high computing power, a class of algorithms, known as meta-

optimization and decision making models. A meta-heuristic is formally defined as

In this workshop, the application of meta-heuristics in few engineering

Keywords: Engineering Optimisation, Meta-heuristics, Heuristics