1: Variables in Matlab

Syntax:
variables comp_var1 = { value , 'unit' }; end
variables comp_var2 = { value = { value , 'unit' },priority = priority.value }; end
variables domain_across_var1 = { value , 'unit' }; end
variables(Balancing = true) domain_through_var1 = { value , 'unit' }; end
Example:
This example initializes the variable w (angular velocity) as 0 rad/s:
Variables w = { 0, 'rad/s' }; % Angular velocity
end
This example initializes the variable x (spring deformation) as 0 mm, with
high priority:
variables
x = { value = { 0 , 'mm' }, priority = priority.high }; % Spring deformation
end
2: Data Types in Matlab
Data Type Description

int8 8-bit signed integer

double double precision numerical data
char character data strings are stored as vector of character
user classes objects constructed from a user-defined class
Syntax:
S=double(x)
S = char(A)
S = char(A1,...,AN)
S = struct(field,value)
A = float('double')

Example:
str = 'Hello World!'
n = 2345
d = double(n)
un = uint32(789.50)
rn = 5678.92347
3: Expressions in Matlab
 Syntax:
Suppose you want to use a symbolic variable to represent the golden ratio
Φ=1+√5/2
The command
phi = (1 + sqrt(sym(5)))/2;

Example:
f = phi^2 - phi - 1
returns
f=
(5^(1/2)/2 + 1/2)^2 - 5^(1/2)/2 - 3/2
Now suppose you want to study the quadratic function f = ax2 + bx + c. First,
create the symbolic variables a, b, c, and x:
syms a b c x
Then, assign the expression to f:
f = a*x^2 + b*x + c;

4: For loop

Syntax:
for index = values
statements
end

Example:
Create a Hilbert matrix of order 10.
s = 10;
H = zeros(s);
for c = 1:s
for r = 1:s
H(r,c) = 1/(r+c-1);
end
end
5: While loop

Syntax:
while expression
statements
end

Example:
Use a while loop to calculate factorial(10).
n = 10;
 f = n;
while n > 1
n = n-1;
f = f*n;
end
disp(['n! = ' num2str(f)])
n! = 3628800

6: Switch Statement

Syntax:
switch switch_expression
case case_expression
statements
case case_expression
statements
...
otherwise
statements
end

Example:
Display different text conditionally, depending on a value entered at the command
prompt.
n = input('Enter a number: ');
switch n
case -1
disp('negative one')
case 0
disp('zero')
case 1
disp('positive one')
otherwise
disp('other value')
end
At the command prompt, enter the number 1.
positive one
Repeat the code and enter the number 3.
other value
7: if statement

Syntax:
if expression
statements
else
 statements
end

Example:
Test if any results are true using the any function.
limit = 0.75;
A = rand(10,1)
A = 10×1
0.8147
0.9058
0.1270
0.9134
0.6324
0.0975
0.2785
0.5469
0.9575
0.9649
if any(A > limit)
disp('There is at least one value above the limit.')
else
disp('All values are below the limit.')
end
8: if-else-statement

Syntax:
if expression
statements
elseif expression
statements
else
statements
end
Example:
Create a matrix of 1s.
nrows = 4;
ncols = 6;
A = ones(nrows,ncols);
for c = 1:ncols
for r = 1:nrows
if r == c
A(r,c) = 2;
elseif abs(r-c) == 1
A(r,c) = -1;
 else
A(r,c) = 0;
end
end
end
9. Functions
Syntax:
function f = fact(n)
f = prod(1:n);
end
Example:
x = 3;
y = 2;
z = perm(x,y)
function p = perm(n,r)
p = fact(n)*fact(n-r);
end
function f = fact(n)
f = prod(1:n);
end
Call the script from the command line.
mystats
z=6
10. Structures
Syntax:
s = struct
s = struct(field,value)
s = struct(field1,value1,...,fieldN,valueN)
s = struct([])
s = struct(obj)
Example:
field = 'f';
value = {'some text';
[10, 20, 30];
magic(5)};
s = struct(field,value)
11.Classes
Syntax:
ClassName = class(object)
obj = class(s,'class_name')
obj = class(s,'class_name',parent1,parent2,...)
 obj = class(struct([]),'class_name',parent1,parent2,...)
obj_struct = class(struct_array,'class_name',parent_array)
Example:
Return the class of Java® object obj:
import java.lang.*;
obj = String('mystring');
class(obj)
ans =
java.lang.String
Return class of any MATLAB variable:
h = @sin;
class(h)
ans =
function_handle

12: Matrix
Syntax:
matrix(Array)
matrix(List)
matrix(ListOfRows)
matrix(Matrix)
matrix(m, n)
matrix(m, n, Array)
Example:
A := matrix([[1, 5], [2, 3]])

13: Array
Syntax:
array(m1 .. n1, <m2 .. n2, …>)
array(m1 .. n1, <m2 .. n2, …>, index1 = entry1, index2 = entry2, …)
array(m1 .. n1, <m2 .. n2, …>, List)
array(<m1 .. n1, m2 .. n2, …>, ListOfLists)
Example:
array([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]]) = array(1..3, 1..2, [[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]]);

14: Colon Operator , :

Syntax:
 Starting value: ending value
j:k
Examples:
Using the colon with integers,
D = 1:4
results in D= 1 2 3 4
15 : Operators , + , - , /

Plus,+

Syntax
C=A+B
C = plus(A,B)

Example:
A = [0 1; 1 0];
C=A+2
C= 2 3
3 2
Minus, -

Syntax
C=A-B
C = minus(A,B)
Example:
Create an array, A, and subtract a scalar value from it.

A = [2 1; 3 5];
C=A-2
C = 0 -1
1 3
Prod,*

Syntax
B = prod(A)
B = prod(A,dim)
B = prod(___,type)
Example:

A=[1:3:7;2:3:8;3:3:9]
 B = prod(A)
B = 6 120 504
16: imread

Syntax
A = imread(filename)
A = imread(filename,fmt)
A = imread(___,idx)
A = imread(___,Name,Value)
[A,map] = imread(___)
[A,map,transparency] = imread(___)
Example:
Read a sample image.
A = imread('ngc6543a.jpg');
image(A)

17: imwrite

Syntax:
imwrite(A,filename)
imwrite(A,map,filename)
imwrite(___,fmt)
imwrite(___,Name,Value)
Example:
A = rand(50);
imwrite(A,'myGray.png')

18: imfinfo

Syntax:
info = imfinfo(filename)
info = imfinfo(filename,fmt)
info = imfinfo(URL)

Example:
Find information about the example image, ngc6543a.jpg.
info = imfinfo('ngc6543a.jpg')
info =

Filename: 'matlabroot\toolbox\matlab\demos\ngc6543a.jpg'
FileModDate: '01-Oct-1996 16:19:44'
FileSize: 27387
Format: 'jpg'
FormatVersion: ''
Width: 600
Height: 650
Comment: {'CREATOR: XV Version 3.00b Rev: 6/15/94 Quality
= 75, Smoothing = 0
'}