PEDAGOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

1. Teaching and learning is a journey from

a) Concrete to abstract

b) Simple to complex

c) Known to unknown

d) All the above

2. The method of teaching English adopted at present in school curriculum is

a) Formative Correlational Approach

b) Functional Communicative Approach

c) Function Corrective Approach

d) Figurative Comprehensive Approach

3. FCA is in opposition to

a) Structural Approach

b) Comprehensive Approach

c) Translation and Grammar Method

d) Functional Approach

4. Communicative Language Teaching replaced basically …

a) Natural Language Processing

b) Structural Teaching

c) Situational Language Teaching

d) Motivational Teaching

5. Direct Method is also known as

a) Natural Method

b) Indirect Approach

c) Inductive Approach

d) All the above

6. Grammar-Translation Method stresses on

 a) Accuracy

b) Fluency

c) Appropriateness

d) Listening skill

7. Grammar-Translation Method is basically used to teach

a) Grammar

b) Foreign language

c) Rules of any language usage

d) Classical language

8. The objective of Direct Method is

a) To increase power of comprehension

b) To increase communicative power

c) To develop a command over the target language

d) To develop personality

9. Grammar-Translation Method does not

a) Encourage learning through mother tongue

b) Give importance to grammar

c) Enhance a student’s communicative skill

d) Enable the student too use the language fluently

10. Traditional method goes against the

a) Prescriptive grammar

b) Simulation

c) Pedagogic principles

d) Generalization

11. The incidental or Correlative Method is known as

a) Inductive

b) Deductive

c) Structural

d) Reference method
12. Journey from example to generalization is

a) Inductive

b) Deductive

c) incidental

d) All the above

13. Inductive method proceeds from

a) Heavy materials to light ones

b) Known to unknown

c) Simple to complex

d) Both b) & c)

14. Deductive method proceeds from

a) Law and rule to observation

b) Observation

c) Generalization to specification

d) Examples and illustrations

15. One of the principles of materials preparation for language learning is that

a) Complex material should be chosen

b) Grading of materials should be done

c) Any kind of material can be chosen

d) A small amount of material should be introduced

16. Correct pronunciation of individual sound is related to

a) Accuracy

b) Fluency

c) Both accuracy and fluency

d) Neither accuracy nor fluency

17. Language accusation occurs only when

a) The child is taught the rules of grammar

b) The child is given a reward

c) The child has exposure to the language

 d) The child absorbs the language without conscious attention

18. When a child is asked to recite a poem, it can help the teacher to test

a) Knowledge of literature

b) Proficiency of speaking

c) Acting talent

d) Comprehension

19. The structure ‘he goes to school’ is often produced by learners due to

a) Failure of intelligence

b) Mother tongue interference

c) Overgeneralization of rules

d) Wrong teaching

20. For teaching grammar, the best grammar that a teacher can use is

a) Traditional grammar

b) Modern grammar

c) Pedagogic grammar

d) No grammar is needed

21. A test of listening comprehension is a test of

a) Receptive skill

b) Productive skill

c) Hearing skill

d) Phonology

22. Organization of arguments and ideas in paragraphs is an important aspect of

a) Writing essays

b) Writing memos

c) Writing stories

d) Writing personal letters

23. ‘Brain storming’ means

a) To collect all kinds of ideas on a topic

b) To do some mental exercise

 c) To make efforts to understand something

d) To give some kind of stimulus to the brain

24. ‘Interactive’ listening is

a) Listening and responding

b) Listening for mood and tone

c) Listening for word stress and emphasis

d) Listening for finding out speaker’s attitude

25. Which of the following is an incorrect assumption in language teaching

a) Learners acquire language by trying to use it in real situations

b) Learners’ first language plays an important role in learning

c) Language teaching should have a focus in communicative activities

d) Language teaching should give importance to writing rather than speech

26. Reading skill can be developed best by

a) Writing answers to questions on text

b) Focusing on the use of words from context in the text

c) Doing vocabulary exercises

d) Doing quizzes and playing word games

27. Mother tongue influence can be effectively minimized in the classroom by

a) Using the mother tongue more often

b) Giving examples from the mother tongue

c) Giving a lot of exposure in the target language

d) Giving inputs from the target language in a simple, graded manner

28. Practice of grammatical structures in a controlled manner can be done by

a) Correcting wrong sentences produced by learners

b) Gap-filling grammar exercises

c) Writing paragraphs and essays

d) Explaining the use of particular structures

29. A test which is administered at the end of a language course is

a) Diagnostic test
 b) Placement test

c) Achievement test

d) Memory test

30. Study of meaning in a language is known as

a) Syntax

b) Semantics

c) Morphology

d) Linguistics

PEDAGOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Principles of Language Teaching

The modern approach to all language learning and teaching is the scientific one and is based on
sound linguistic principles. The principles discussed below in no way claim finality: they are subject to
change in the light of new facts exposed by linguists and language users. These principles are general
principles and are applicable to English language.

1. Principle of Sound Priority: The sounds of English should receive priority. Sounds should be given their
due place in the scheme of teaching. Sounds should not be presented in isolation. They should appear in
proper expressions and sentences spoken with the intonation and rhythm which would be used by a
native speaker.

2. Principle of Presenting Language in Basic Sentence Patterns: Present, and have the students
memorise, basic sentence patterns used in day to day conversation. From small utterances the students
can easily pass on to longer sentences. In case of learning mother-tongue, the student’s memory span can
retain much longer sentences than those of a foreign language. The facility thus gained in a foreign
language enables the learners expand the grasp of the language material in respect of sounds and
vocabulary items.

3. Principle of Language Patterns as Habits: Real language ability is at the habit level. It does not just
mean knowing about the language. Make language patterns as habit through intensive pattern practice
in variety of situations. The students must be taught to use language patterns and sentence constructions
with appropriate vocabulary at normal speed for communication. In fact the habitual use of the most
frequently used patterns and items of language, should take precedence over the mere accumulation of
words.

4. Principle of Imitation: Imitation is an important principle of language learning. No leaner by himself

ever invented language. Good speech is the result of imitating good models. The model should be
intelligible. Imitation followed by intensive practice helps in the mastery of the language system.
5. Principle of Controlled Vocabulary: Vocabulary should be kept under control. Vocabulary should be
taught and practised only in the context of real situations. This way, meaning will be clarified and
reinforced.

6. Principle of Graded Patterns: “To teach a language is to impart a new system of complex habits, and
habits are acquired slowly” (R. Lado). So, language patterns should be taught gradually, in cumulative
graded steps. This means, the teacher should go on adding each new element or pattern to previous ones.
New patterns of language should be introduced and practised with vocabulary that students already
know.

7. Principle of Selection and Gradation: Selection of the language material to be taught is the first
requisite of good teaching. Selection should be done in respect of grammatical items and vocabulary and
structures.

Selection of language items should involve

 Frequency: how often a certain item or word is used

 Range: in what different contexts a word or an item can be used

 Coverage: how many different meanings a word or an item can convey

 Availability: how far an item is convenient to teach

 learn-ability: how far an item is easy to learn

 teach-ability: how far and item is easy to teach - in the social context

Gradation of the language material means placing the language items in an order. Grading involves
grouping and sequence. Grouping concerns (i) the system of language, and (ii) its structures. Grouping the
system of language means what sounds, words, phrases and meanings are to be taught.

Thus we have:

 Phonetic grouping, i.e. grouping according to sounds. For example, words having the same sound
are placed in the one group as, cat, bat, mat, pat, fat, sat; it, bit, fit, hit, kit, it, etc.

 Lexical grouping, i.e., grouping according to lexical situations. Example: school, teacher,
headmaster, peon, class-room, library. All these words are grouped around “school.”

 Grammatical grouping, i.e., grouping according to similar patterns as, my book/ his book, (pattern
grouping): in the room, in the corner/ in the class/in the garden, etc. (phrase grouping)

 Semantic grouping, i.e., grouping according to meaning. Example: school, college, university;
bicycle, rickshaw, car, tonga, train, aeroplane, etc,.

 Structure grouping, i.e., grouping in the structures means how the selected items fit one into the
other-the sounds into the words, the words into phrases, the phrases into the clauses and
sentences, and the sentences into the context.
Sequence means what comes after what. Sequence should be there in the arrangement of sounds
(phonetic sequence), phrases (grammatical sequence) words (lexical sequence) and in meaning (semantic
sequence). Sequence of structures implies direction, expansion, variation and length of the structures.

8. Principle of Oral Way: Experts believe that the oral way is the surest way to language learning. Prof.
Kittson rightly observes – “Learning to speak a language is always the shortest road to learning to read
and write it.” Prof Palmer also writes: “We should refrain from reading and writing any given material
until we have learnt to use its spoken form.”

9. Principle of Priorities of Language Skills: Listening (with understanding), speaking, reading and writing
are the four fundamental skills. Listening and speaking are primary skills, while reading and writing are
secondary skills. Reading and writing are reinforcement skills. They reinforce what has been learnt
through understanding and speaking. In fact, understanding and speaking speed up the reading process.
Writing should be introduced after reading.

10. Principle of Multiple Line of Approach: “The term multiple line implies that one is to proceed
simultaneously from many different points towards the one and the same end. We should reject nothing
except the useless material and should selected judiciously and without prejudice all that is likely to help
in our work”. In teaching a language, it implies attacking the problem from all fronts. Say, for example,
there is a lesson on ‘Holidays’ in the text book. The teacher can have a number of language activities
connected with the topic such as oral drill, reading, sentence writing, composition, grammar, translation,
language exercises etc.

11. Principle of using language: Language Habit through Language Using: A language is best learnt
through use in different contexts and situations. Prof. Eugene A. Nida rightly observes, “Language learning
means plunging headlong into a series of completely different experiences. It means exposing oneself to
situations where the use of language is required.” Another expert expresses a similar opinion by saying:
“Learning a language means forming new habits through intensive practice in tearing and speaking. The
emphasis should always be on language in actual use”.

12. Principle of Spiral Approach: The “spiral” approach to language learning should be followed.
Previously taught vocabulary and structures should be reintroduced in subsequent units whenever logical
or possible. This is “spiral approach.

13. Principle of Use Mother-tongue Sparingly: The mother-tongue should be sparingly and judiciously
used during teaching English. Of course, at the early stage, some explanations will have to be given in
pupil’s mother tongue. It is important that students do not use their mother-tongue in the classroom.

PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING ENGLISH

It will not be out of place to list down certain principles which have been derived from the science
of psychology.

Motivation: Motivation is an important factor in language learning, particularly in learning a second

language. It creates interest as well as the need to learn the language in hand. If the need for the language
we use is felt, it is learnt easily. Pupils’ interest can be aroused in a number of ways, and language learning
can be made increasingly interesting and attractive. It can be done with the help of pictures, charts,
models, flash cards, black board sketches and similar other visual devices. The use of tape-recorder can
be most effective in the teaching of pronunciation. The aim is to have the students maximally exposed to
the target language in variety of contexts and situations, not in isolation. The teacher should prompt
connections, feedback and correct errors, if any. The rule is teach, test, reteach and retest. The teacher
should make continual and significant use of language material in class-room situations. Palmer suggests
the following six factors which lead to motivate and create interest among children:

 The limitation of bewilderment, that is, minimum of confusion;

 The sense of progress achieved;

 Competitions;

 Game-like exercises;

 The right relation between teacher and student; and

 Variety.

Immediate Correction: Do make corrections. Corrections make all the difference. They help in improving
pupils’ responses. But remember, when corrections are made, they should be made immediately.
Moreover, the corrections should be made in such a way as will bring about learning and not frustration
or discouragement.

Reinforcement: Immediate reinforcement is an important principle. It has been experimentally proved

that reinforcement of correct responses helps in better learning. The student should be told his response
is correct immediately after it is given by him.

Frequent Review: An important psychological principle is the principle of frequent review. Frequent
review and re-entry of the same material is necessary for retention. During the process of reviewing,
variations in material should be essentially be introduced and practised.

Correct Responses: It is an important psychological principle that classroom activities should strengthen
the language skills. The techniques used by the teacher of English should encourage the maximum rate of
correct responses. This will give children the feeling of success, achievement and assured progress.

Practice in Everyday Situations: A language is best learnt when its need is felt in everyday situations. So,
English should be practised in everyday situations with which children can easily identify.

In short, the children, their environment and their experiences, should be the starting point. Let
them recall (and, they should be helped, if they fail) something familiar which is related to or contrasts
with a new language item to be learnt.

MCQ TEST BATTERY-English

January 07, 2018

Choose the correct answer. All questions carry one mark each

1. What is the focus of CBLT (Competency Based Language Teaching)

A. Mastery on language accuracy

B. Mastery on language usage

C. Mastery on language structure

D. Mastery on language comprehension

Ans: B

2. In NLP _____________stands for ‘patterns of how we organize thoughts and ideas’?

A. Programming

B. Neuro

C. Linguistic

D. Nervous System

Ans:A

3.Which language approach focuses on teaching children to read by recognizing words as a

whole.

A. Notional –Functional Approach

B. Whole –language Approach

C. Integrated Approach

D. Natural Approach

Ans:B

4.In M-Learning ‘M’ stands for

A. Multimedia

B. Music

C. Multilanguage

D. Mobile

Ans: D
 5. Learning two languages as “First languages” is called___________

A. consecutive bilingualism

B. simultaneous bilingualism

C. bilingualism

D. receptive bilingualism

E. Ans: B

6. Which of the following emphasize that children should focus on meaning and strategy
instruction?

A. SOS Approach

B. Integrated Approach

C. Whole Language APPROACH

D. Natural Approach

Ans: C

7.Who I sone of the proponent of Neuro- Linguistic Programming ?

A. John Grinder

B. Roger

C. Watson

D. John Dewey

Ans: A

8. What is the full form of CBLT

A. Computer Based Language Teaching

B. Community Based Language Teaching

C. Competency Based Language Teaching

D. Communication Based Language Teaching

 Ans: C

9. The three-language formula for language learning was formulated in ________

A. 1968

B. 1948

C. 1979

D. 1983

a. Ans: A

10. What is the full form of IELTS ?

A. International English Language Teaching System

B. International English Language Testing System

C. International English Language Talking System

D. International English Language Tuning System

i. Ans: B

11. Which evaluation is done by the teacher during the instruction?

A. Summative Evaluation

B. Portfolio Evaluation

C. Formative Evaluation

D. Product Evaluation

Ans: C

12. Which one among the following is a Humanistic Approach ?

A. Suggestopedia

B. SOS Approach

C. Communicative Approach

D. Non of the above

 Ans: A

13. Which one of the following is the international proficiency test for non-native English
speakers?

A. CELTA

B. IELTS

C. TKT

D. TOEFL

Ans:D

14. Who conducts TKT?

A. British Council

B. Oxford University

C. Cambridge

D. Non of the above

Ans: C

15.Band 4 in TKT stands for

A. Limited knowledge on content area

B. Basic and systematic knowledge

C. Breadth and depth of knowledge

D. Extensive knowledge

16.The ability to refection an action to engage in a process of continuous learning is called______

A. Implicitly Learning

B. Experimental Learning

C. Reflective Practice

D. Critical Reflection
 Ans: C

17. Communicative Testing focus on

A. Communicative competence

B. Weakness/failure of students

C. Linguistic competence

D. A & C

Ans: A

18. Which of the following domain denotes the ‘attitude of self’

A. Cognitive

B. Affective

C. Psychomotor

D. All of the above

Ans: B

19. What is the validity period of IELTS certificate ?

A. 1 year

B. 3years

C. 5 years

D. 2 years

Ans:D

20. Richard Bandler and John Grinder are the exponents of

A. CBLT

B. ILM

C. NLP

D. TBLT
 Ans: A

21. What is the goal of cooperative learning?

A. Develop interacting ability of learners

B. Develop problem solving ability

C. A&C

D. Non of the above

Ans: A

22.Which gives importance to the usage of language rather than the knowledge about language
?

A. TPR

B. TBLT

C. CLL

D. CBLT

Ans:CBLT

23. In Neuro- Linguistics Programming ‘Neuro’ represents

A. Nervous system

B. Nervous system and brain

C. Thoughts

D. Feelings

Ans: B

24.___________ is a set of assumptions describing the nature of teaching.

A. Method

B. Technique

C. Strategy
D. Approach

Ans: D

25. In ‘Learner centered education’

A. Focus of instruction is on teacher

B. Focus of instruction is n learner

C. A& B

D. None of the above

Ans: A

26.’Multimodal learning’ is the representation of ___________

A. Single modality

B. Same modalities

C. Different modalities

D. None of the above.

Ans: C

27. ______________is an education program that combines online digital media with traditional
classroom methods.

A. Synchronous learning

B. Networked learning

C. Blended Learning

D. None of the above

Ans: C

28. Online tutoring is the process of tutoring in , or networked environment

A. Online environment

B. virtual environment
C. networked environment

D. All of the above

Ans: D

29. Post –method is

A. Knowledge oriented

B. Suitable for novice teachers

C. Focusing on ‘reflective teaching’

D. Works on surface level.

Ans: C

30. Which test provide globally recognized certificate for teaching?

A. CELTA

B. TOEFL

C. TOEIC

D. TKT

Ans: D

31. A seminar conducted over the internet is

A. Webcasting

B. Webinar

C. Web conferencing

D. All of the above

Ans: B

32. Post-method pedagogy emphasizes on

A. Teacher experience

B. Theoretical knowledge
C. Both A& B

D. Neither A nor B

Ans: C

33.Who is the proponent of Universal grammar?

A. Edward Sapir

B. Noam Chomsky

C. Charles Pierce

D. Benjamin Whorf

Ans: B

34. Who is the author of "Beyond Methods: Macrostrategies for Language Teaching," ?

A. Dr. C.J Dodson

B. Curran

C. Kumaravadivelu

D. Gattengo

Ans: C

35. ‘Whole Language’ emphasizes that children should focus on

A. Independent instruction

B. Interactive instruction

C. Meaning and Strategy instruction

D. Experimental instruction.

Ans: C

36.CBLT is characterized as

A. Task oriented

B. Based on learning outcome

C. Based on task outcome

D. All of the above

Ans: B

37. Models of teaching consists of

A. Focus

B. Syntax

C. Social system

D. All of the above.

Ans:D

38. Who is the proponent of Advance Organizer Model?

A. Bruner

B. Asutin

C. Goodnow

D. Ausubel

Ans: D

39. “There never was and never will be a method for all” –this is a famous quotation by

A. Antony Barger

B. Noam Chomsky

C. David Nunan

D. Ausubel

Ans: C

40.The pioneer of ‘E-Learning’ is

A. Allan Paivio

B. Bernard Luskin
 C. W.L Johnson

D. Watson

Ans: B

ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

Q.1. The Number of monophthong in English sound's is

A. 8

B. 24

C. 12

D. 46

Ans : C

Q.2. The Number of diphthongs in English Sound is

A. 12

B. 8

C. 44
D. 20

Ans:C

Q. 3. Total number of sounds in English language is

A. 12

B.8

C. 20

D. 44

Ans: D

Q. 4- Which one of the following is not an organ of speech?

A. leg

B. Tongue

C. Vocal chord

D. Lips
Ans: A

Q. 5. Total Number of consonant sound in English is

A. 12

B. 8

C. 20

D. 24

Q. 6. We need an air stream mechanism for the

A. Production of Speech

B. Digestion process

C. Blood circulation process

D. Dexidation Process

Ans: A
Q.7. What is essential to acquire a good pronunciation in English language?

A. a lot of conscious efforts

B. a lot of systematic efforts

C. a lot of regular practice

D. All the above

Ans: D

Q.8. Our respiratory system consists of

A. Lungs

B. Air Pipe

C. Nostrils

D. All the above

Ans: D

Q..9. The hard convex surface just behind the upper front teeth is called
A. soft palate

B. teeth ridge

C. hard palate

D. tongue

Ans C

Q.10.Diphthong is a

A. Pure vowel sound

B. Pure consonant sound

C. Vowel glides or mixed vowel sounds

D. none of the above

Ans: C

Q.11. The letters a,e,i,o,u in English alphabet are called

A. Clusters

B. Consonants

C. Vowels

D. Words

Ans: C

Q.12. The Latter of English alphabet other than vowels care called

A. Word

B. vowels

C. clusters

D. consonants

Ans: D

Q.13. When one sound is given by two consonants, it is called

A. vowel sound
B. consonant sound

C. single sound

D. consonant cluster

Ans: D

Q.14. which fo the following has /: i / sound

A. Car

B. seat

C. fit

D. books

Ans: B

Q. 15. which of the following has /e:/sound

A. but
B. arm

C. about

D. aunt

Ans: C

Q.16. The example of consonant cluster is

A. sea

b. guard

C. guilty

D. play

Ans: D

Q. 17. The following does not belong to the basic components of speech

A. stress

B. rhythm
C. poem

D. intonation

Ans: C

Q.18. The word "Doctor" has

A. Two syllables with stress on one

B. two syllables with stress on both

C. two syllables with stress on first

D. two syllables with stress on second

Ans: C

Q.19. "The degree of force with which sound or syllable of a word is uttered" is
called

A. intonation

B. stress
C. Rhythm

D. Pause

Ans: B

Q.20. "The Change of pitch of voice " is called

A. stress

B. Rhythm

C. Pause

D. Intonation

Ans: D

Q. 21. The rise and fall of pitch in voice is called

A. Fluency

B. Pause

C. Intonation
D. Stress

Ans: C

Q.22. "The smallest unit of words" is called

A. Phoneme

B. Allophone

C. Juncture

D. Morpheme

Ans: A

Q.23. "The study of articulation, transmission and reception of speech sound ," is
called

A. Linguistics

B. Morphology

C. Phonetics
D. syntax

Ans: C

Q.24. Defective pronunciation in India prevails as

A. There is dearth of books on phonetics

B. No firm rules for pronunciation

C. Both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: C

Q.25. "Phonetics" is a part of language study. It is

A. Study of system of sound of language

B. Study of words

C. study of articulation, transmission and reception of speech sounds

D. None of the above

Ans: C

Q.26. The teacher does not tell or interpret whether the answer is correct or not in
the

A. Testing activity

B. Teaching activity

C. Language game activity

D. Demonstration activity

Ans: A

Q.27. Flow correct pause stress and intonation is only possible through the
practice of

A. Comprehesion

B. Oral Expression

C. Reading

D. Writing
Ans: B

Q.28. English can be learnt only by the

A. Practice of applied grammar

B. Practice of speaking

C. study of grammar

D. study of functional grammar

Ans: B

Q.29. The advantage of Rhymes in the

A. it removes shyness

B. It encourages students to recite together

C. it makes the teaching joyful

D. All the above

Ans: D

Q.30. According to phonetic method, the unit of a word is

A. Sentence

B. Word

C. Sound

D. Letter

Ans: D