JICA PROJECT BRIEF NOTE

THE PROJECT FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION

AND HYGIENE PROMOTION IN NIASSA PROVINCE, REPUBLIC OF
MOZAMBIQUE
～IMPROVING THE CONDITION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN THE TARGET DISTRICTS BY STRENGTHENING
THE CAPACITY OF PLANNING, SUPERVISION AND MONITORING OF THE PROVINCE AND DISTRICTS～
February 2017

Niassa

Mozambique

improve the situation of rural water supply and

1．Background and Challenges of sanitation, the Government of Mozambique and
the Project the development partners under Sector-Wide
Mozambique has shown political stability Approach Programme (SWAP) have set the
since the end of the sixteen years civil war in National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
1992. Since then, the Government of Program (PRONASAR 2010-2015).
Mozambique and development partners have Moreover, Nacala Corridor, which starts at
been engaged in the reconstruction of the basic the Port of Nacala in the north of the country and
infrastructures that were devastated. stretches to Malawi and Zambia through the
In the rural water supply and sanitation sector, Provinces of Nampula and Niassa expects
the MDG (Millenium Development Goals) has progress in the revitalization of economic
established to achieve the rate of 70 % of access activities and movement of goods, the reason
to safe water and 50 % access to sanitation why the Guidelines for co-operation of the
facilities for the fulfilment of the Millennium Government of Japan sets the support for the
Development Goals (MDGs). development of the Economic Corridors as
However, the access rate to safe water in the targets of utmost importance, being cantered in
rural sector at the planning stage of the project Nacala Corridor.
was 29 %, and access to sanitation facilities was Due to the policy reform undertaken in 2013,
only 5 %, which was the lowest level compared the Government of Mozambique reviewed the
beneficiary number per each water point to be
with neighbouring countries. Thus, in order to
500 inhabitants instead of 300 inhabitants.

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 As a result of the new policy, the access rate facilities and strengthening of the Operation and
to safe Maintenance (OM) capacity in the community,
water in rural area in Niassa Province dropped c) Schools where CLTS activities will be
to 36.45%, which is much lower than the conducted. In the project target communities,
national average of 52%. we will form Water and Sanitation Committees
In view of the fact that since in Niassa there (CAS) through PEC (Community Participation
are no large-scale cooperation projects of other and Education) activities. The framework of the
development partners, there are no construction project will be as follows.
works of new facilities under way, and Niassa is 【Overall Goal】
now the only one, among the ten Provinces of To improve the condition of water supply and
Mozambique, which shows downtrend in the sanitation in Niassa Province.

rate of coverage of drinking water, thus

persisting high demand for projects in the water 【Project Purpose】
and sanitation sector in rural areas, which is the Improve the situation of water supply and sanitation in
target districts through institutional capacity building
reason why it took the Government of of DPOPHRH/DAS and SDPIs.
Mozambique to ask the Government of Japan
for a Technical Cooperation Project. 【Outputs】
1. Improve the capacity of planning and preparation
for water supply, sanitation and hygiene activities
2． Approach for Overcoming the in the target districts.
Challenges  2. Construct new water points and latrines for school
in the target district.
Based on the background above, this project 3. Enhance the capacity of operation and
aims to support the strengthening of the maintenance (O & M) of water points in the target
structure and capacity to implement projects by Districts.
4. Improve hygiene behavior of the local residence in
the National Directorate of Water Supply and the target Districts.
Sanitation of the Ministry of Public Works, 5. Disseminate and share the know-how and the
lessons learned from the project with stakeholders
Housing and Water Resources (DNAAS /
of provincial and national level.
MOPHRH) 1 , Provincial Directorate of Public  
Works, Housing and Water Resources of Niassa
(DPOPHRH - N) and District Services of
Planning and Infrastructures (SDPI) based on The Project implementation structure is
the principles of PRONASAR. shown in Figure 1. The responsibilities of each
Furthermore, during the implementation of member are indicated in the following table.
the project activities in the target communities, Responsible Institution
measures will be taken into consideration so that National Director, DNAAS/
Project Manager
even after the completion of the Project, the MOPHRH
Head of the Department of
Mozambican side may continue to conduct Administrative
Water Supply and Sanitation,
sustainable activities to strengthen the operation Manager
DNAAS/MOPHRH
and maintenance of water and sanitation Project Executive Provincial Director,
facilities. Manager DPOPHRH-Niassa
Based on the results of the baseline survey Head of the Department of
Project Technical
Water and Sanitation,
conducted in four Districts, we selected the Manager
DPOPHRH-Niassa
target communities for a) construction of new DAS/ DPOPHRH Staff, SDPI
Counterpart (C/P)
water points, b) rehabilitation of existing water Staff from the 4 target Districts

                                                            
1 The name was changed to Direcção Nacional de (MOPHRH) due to the organizational reform in December
Abastecimento de Água e Saneamento (DNAAS) / 2015.
Ministério das Obras Públicas, Habitação e Recursos Hídricos

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Fig. 1 Project Implementation Structure governments, private sector and NGOs etc.,
operation of practicing rural water and hygiene
and sanitation programs and monitoring
The Project is being implemented based on methods.
the following guidelines. This Project aims to execute capacity
building for implementing rural water and
(1) Ensuring Sustainability and Sense of sanitation program according to the operation
Ownership by Mozambican side determined in PRONASAR, utilizing the
It is expected that the counterpart bodies will outputs from the Zambezia Technical
have the ability and structure to achieve the Cooperation Project.
overall goal on their own efforts. To ensure Construction of new water facilites, operation
sustainability and sense of ownership of the and manintenance, promotion of hygienen and
counterpart personnel, the project activities will sanitaiton are carried out basically with
be carried out jointly, thus engendering mutual oprations in PRONASAR.
trust seeking to develop activities and operating Also, althogh PRONASAR expects Spare
methods that promote early active utterance of Parts Supply Chain is served by the private
opinion during meetings/ discussions and sector, there some issues that spare parts shops
are not profitable in the area far from city
preparation/presentation of reports by self-effort.
according to experiences from the Zambezia
Technical Cooperation Project and any other
(2) Cooperation with PRONASAR
similar projects.
PRONASAR is established as the national
So, Spare Parts Supply Chain aims to be
program on rural water and hygiene and
established as the unifom in the entire Niassa
sanitation field in Mozambique, which is the
Province in cooperation with the other donors,
program constitutes specific policies to achieve
Provincial DAS, District SDPI, area pump
the goal determined in PESA-ASR and describe
artizan and shops.
usage of the sector common fund, roles of
stakeholders of the central and Provincial

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 (3) Coordination with Mozambique structure use many private resources, for
relevant bodies example, private consultants for PEC activities.
The entities and persons involved in this Therefore, now much of fund on operation
project are quite diverse, namely DNAAS, and maintenance and hygiene and sanitation for
DPOPHRH ; SDPIs and the communities, water facilities rely upon one from donors’ fund
schools and health centres of the target Districts, including PRONASAR common fund.
where hygiene promotion activities will be Devices to utilize Mozambique budgets or
conducted in addition to those who are common fund are considered from step of
responsible for health and education sectors in implementation of the Project in order to sustain
the province and Districts , among others . improvement of water and hygiene and
In order to ensure smooth coordination, sanitation in Niassa Province.
Provincial GAS (Water and Sanitation Working
Group) was been revived thus enabling the (7) Construction of Water Sources
efficient sharing of information. 50 water sources will be constructed by the
  local contractors as part of technology transfer
(4) Coordination with Other Donors to improve the capacity of DPOPHRH and
In Niassa Province, the Swiss Agency for SDPIs staff in planning and management of
Development and Cooperation (SDC) and construction of water sources.
Water Aid have actively supported the water and The design and supervision of works will also
sanitation sector. Therefore, the project will be done by local contractors to be hired, who
include sharing information with other will prepare the tender documents and the
development partners through Provincial GAS project design, supervise the construction works,
meetings, thus seeking to generate the while ensuring technological transfers to the
synergistic effect by mutual application of counterparts during every phase of this process,
acquired knowledge and challenges overcome. at the same time.
The construction of water sources is premised
(5) Private Consulting Companies on the prior consolidation of structure of
In Mozambique, privatization is accelerated, operation/maintenance centred in the target
on the other hand, there is lack of the number of community through PEC activities. Therefore,
private resources and their capacity in local PEC Zonal activities shall start in the first year.
areas far from main cities, similar to Niassa
Province. (8) Rehabilitation of Existing Water
In such background, following the provisions Sources
of PRONASAR, we will work also considering Rehabilitation of non-operational hand
the need to address, whenever possible, the pumps will be done by local contractors in
capacity development of local private resources respective districts subject to hire local
to ensure sustainability of the projects of rural mechanics trained by the Project. This will
water supply and sanitation. enable the local mechanics to maintain and
  improve their repair skill of hand pump.
A part of spare parts to be used for the
(6) Sustainable Implementation Program
rehabilitation work shall be purchased at the
Structure
spare parts shop established in the district in
PRONASAR’s implementation structure on
order to stimulate the supply chain of spare parts.
operation and maintenance and hygiene and
sanitation for water facilities which needs
(9) Construction of Latrines and Hand
secure budgets continuously because the washing

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 For the selection of targets schools, enough nationwide.
consideration about the degree of accessibility
to drinking water was taken into account. Above (13) Scaling up to Other Districts
all, construction of new borehole with hand The knowledge and experiences gained through
pump or existing borehole shall be pre- the activities of this project will be compiled in
conditions and hand washing facilities are the form of manuals, which will be shared with
accompanied with latrine to be constructed in relevant agencies through Provincial GAS, and
this Project in consideration with handicapped it is expected that after completion of the project,
persons or rural culture. the outputs will also be shared with other
  Districts. Thus, the Districts are encouraged to
(10) Zone PEC participate in Provincial GAS, as well as in
Following the guidelines of PRONASAR, the future activities of the Project.
scaling up of PEC activities will be made by
outsourcing to local consulting companies. The
Project will seek to improve water and 3．Practical Results of the
sanitation conditions, involving and sensitizing Approach
the community through PEC activities.
Following the procedures of PRONASAR,
Zone PEC approach, covering a certain area (1) Hosting PSC Meetings
selected, rather than taking the entire During the Project period, PSC (Provincial
community as a unit will be adopted. Steering Committee) was organized eight times
in total in Lichinga. In those meetings, the
Districts shared their progress of project
(11) Activities to Improve Hygiene Habits
activities such as PEC activities, construction of
Through construction of latrines and
water supply facilities, construction of school
conducting hygiene and sanitation education as
latrines, establishment of supply chain of spare
part of CLTS (Community Led Total Sanitation)
parts and SINAS.
activities in the schools located in the vicinity of
the communities where the activities are being
developed to eradicate open defecation, we will (2) Publicity of Activities
promote improvement of hygiene habits The following publicity activities were carried
(elimination of open defecation) of the entire out during the Project period:
population by raising awareness of children ・ Published advertisement of the Project into
about sanitation and hygiene. For the AGUA seven times, which is the specialized
communities that will become ODF (open magazine for water and sanitation in
defecation free), we will promote piloting of Mozambique.
improved experimental latrines will be made. ・ Supported updating website for the
Provincial GAS and publish project news.
・ Invite TV stations and radio stations to PSC
(12) Capacity Building of DPOPH and
SDPIs and JCC, and project activities were
Based on PRONASAR, the specific roles of the broadcasted in national news as a JICA
province, Districts and communities will be project.
clarified to provide for the consistent Through these publicity activities, the Project
organizational strengthening for each institution. activities became widely known by stakeholders
The courses required for the training of in water supply and sanitation sector in the
Provincial / District staff have been assigned to country.
CFPAS, in order to unify the level of training

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 Advertisement of the Project published in the Project Site Visit during National GAS Meeting
specialized magazine “AGUA” in June 2016 number.
(4) Construction of Water Supply Facility
(3) Reactivation of Provincial GAS (Output 2)
(Output 1) 32 water supply facilities for communities
and 18 for schools, in total 50 facilities were
Since it was reactivated in April 2013, the
constructed. The allocation of the facilities in
Provincial GAS (Water and Sanitation Working
each district is; 12 in Mavago, 13 in Muembe,
Group) has 14 member institutions and its
12 in Majune and 13 in Mandimba.
regular meeting has been held every month. The
As previously stated, following the guidelines
topics and issues are picked up to be discussed
of PRONASAR, before and after the
and shared with member institutions working in
construction of water points, Water and
water and sanitation sector in the Province such
Sanitation Committees were established / re-
as international organization, cooperation
activated through PEC activities in the target
partners, Provincial Directorate of
communities.
Environmental Action, Provincial Directorate
of Health, Provincial Directorate of Education,
NGOs, etc.
In 2015, National GAS meeting was held in
Niassa Province in October 29th and 30th, and 80
people participated from the Ministry,
DPOPHRH of other provinces, donors,
international organization and NGOs etc. Some
activities being implemented by the Project
were presented and a project site was visited Borehole with hand pump constructed by the Project
during the meeting. The experience and good-
practises shared by the Project were highly (5) Construction of School Latrines
(Output 2)
esteemed by the participants.
School latrines with hand wash facilities were
constructed in 20 schools in the four target
districts. These latrines were constructed under
contract with local construction companies
located in each District. The local construction
companies were decided to be used due to the
strong request from District SDPIs on
improving the capacity of those local companies.
Under the close supervision and careful
instructions by local supervisors contracted with

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the Project, the construction works were carried of spare parts for local venders etc. have been
out prioritizing safety, quality and schedule conducted, and the sales of spare parts sarted in
control. December 2015 in all seven districts supported
by the Project.

The project also has been organizing

provincial joint workshops twice a year to share
the progress and experience with all districts and
stakeholders in the Province in order to establish
the unified structure at the province level. This
approach contributed to spread the know-how of
the relevant activities to the districts supported
by other cooperating partners and promote the
progress at the provincial level.

Constructed School Latrine

Design of the school latrines which gives

consideration to gender issues and Islamic
cultural background of majority of people in the
Province is appreciated and shared widely with
stakeholders in the sector.

(6) Establishment of Unified Spare Parts  

Supply Chain in the Niassa Province
(Output 3) Spare Parts Shop in Muembe District
In order to secure the sustainability of the
structure if Spare Parts Supply Chain, the (7) Training on planning, implementation
Project established unified structure of supply and monitoring and evaluation for
chain of spare parts as a whole Province by improvement of water supply and
sanitation in the Province and the target
involving not only four target districts but also
Districts (Output 3)
all relevant stakeholders working in the
i) National Information System for Water and
Province.
Sanitation (SINAS)
The Project supported, in addition to the
four target districts, three districts which do
not have cooperating partner and also two
districts which are supported by
PRONASAR since it is important to
establish SINAS simultaneously in all 16
districts in the Province for its smooth and
sustainable operation. Trainings and
supports necessary for operation of SINAS
Unified Structure of Spare Parts Supply Chain in
such as data collection, data entry and
Niassa Province
update, and monitoring, etc. were
activities for determining the quantity of conducted targeting stakeholders at each
initial stock, calculation of selling price of spare administrative level.
parts, procurement and delivery of initial stock
to local venders, training on sales management

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 (8) Improvement of Hygiene and Sanitation
Activities in the target District (Output
4)
i) Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)
and Open Defecation Free (ODF)
The CLTS was implemented in the
target communities for the purpose to
achieve the ODF in more than 60
communities by the end of the Project
implementation period. The ODF
evaluation was conducted by external
institution in Niassa Province in November
2015 and October 2016, and 72
communities were declared to achieve the
Location Map of Boreholes Created
ODF.
in GIS Training

ii) Orientation for Operation and Maintenance

ii) Capacity Building for Counterpart
of school latrines with hand-wash facilities
Targeting the Project counterparts in
Orientation training was conducted for
DPOPHRH/DAS and SDPI in the four districts,
all students and teachers in the target
various trainings for capacity building were
schools to teach how to use and maintain
conducted. Based on the road map elaborated by
the constructed latrines. Operation and
Japanese expert, necessary trainings to
Maintenance Manual was elaborated
strengthen their administrative capacity, starting
utilizing efficient visual materials such as
from basic skills for computer up to skills to
illustration to be used during the training
prepare district annual budget and action plan,
so that the students, who have never used
were carried out through the Project period.
such facility before, can easily understand
As a result of those trainings, the capacity
the contents.
assessment conducted at the end of the project
Each of the students entered into the
showed great improvement of their knowledge
facility and confirmed what they had
and skills compared to the beginning of the
learned during the lecture.
project.

C/Pのキャパシティーアセスメントのレーティング結果 NO.

Rating by head of DAS and

評価クライテリア Rating by the counterparts
PROSUAS
After the Before the After the Before the
評価対象者 州・郡カウンタパート平均 Project Projecto Project Project
Nov 2016 Mar 2013 Nov 2016 Mar 2013

A 政策に関する知識 : To uderstand the national policy and project principle 4.1 3.5 4.1 2.8
B 活動計画立案 : To make activity plan under the consideration of several issues 3.6 3.4 4.2 2.7
C リソース管理 : To develop the effective cooperation with other staffs in the activities
4.1 3.0 4.1 2.9
D 調整 : To solve any conflicts based on the information sharing with others
4.4 3.8 4.1 3.1
E コーチング/指導 : To instruct activities for district people and motivate them for works 4.1 4.0 4.2 2.9
F モニタリング/データ分析 : To monitor the progress regularly and analyze the data collected 4.1 3.6 4.0 2.8
G フォローアップ : To adjust the plan as follow up based on the result of monitoring 4.5 3.5 4.0 3.0
H 報告書作成 : To report the situation and activities results to share the information 4.4 3.5 4.2 2.7
J プレゼンテーショ ン能力 : To ex plain the situation and issues correctly to share the ex perience 4.1 3.3 4.3 2.6
K 時間管理 : To catch up with a delay or overdure of the activities 4.0 3.3 3.8 2.6

Knowledge on Policy Knowledge on Policy

A A
5.0 5.0 Activity Planning
Time Management Activity Plannning  Time Management K 4.0 B
K 4.0 B
3.0 3.0
2.0 2.0
Presentation J 1.0
C Resource Management Presentation J
1.0
C Resource Management
0.0 0.0
Report writing H D Coordination Report writing H D Coordination

Follow‐up
G
F
E Coaching/Instruction Follow‐up G
F
E Coaching/Instruction Students waiting in line for their turn to
Monitoring/Data Analysis Monitoring/Data Analysis

learn how to use the latrine

カウンタパートによる自己評価 州DAS部長及びPROSUASによる評価

Result of Capacity Assessment of C/Ps

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 trainings designed based on capacity level
assessment and request from counterparts. The
trainings were conducted as the following cycle;
1. Assessment of the capacity level of each
Operation and Maintenance Manual of School counterpart. (It is important to understand
Latrine  what their weak points are.)
2. Planning of the trainings according to their
(9) GAS-Niassa Web Site (Output 5)
capacity level. (Custom made training)
Provincial GAS meeting is held every month
3. Conduct the trainings.
and its report, agenda, news etc. are posted on
4. Observation of the reaction and outcome (to
the web site of GAS Niassa. The information is
be creative to increase motivation of the
updated regularly by the member institutions
trainees)
and being utilized as a tool of information
5. Feedback and designing of next training.
sharing and publishing.
As countermeasure of personnel transfer of the
counterparts to other districts, the counterparts
at technician level were more focused than
directors, which contributed in setting the
outcomes of the trainings in the respective
districts and ensure the sustainability of the
Project activities.

(https://sites.google.com/site/gtasniassa/home) (2) Peer Learning among Counterparts

At the final stage of the Project, a training
(10) Training Courses in Other Country / approach intended for technicians from different
Province districts to teach one another was introduced.
As part of technology transfer / Capacity These trainings included visits to share
Building, with the aim of exchanging experiences among districts, visits to other
experience in construction, operation and districts to share good practices, gain insight
maintenance of rural water supply facilities, about the learning level of a fellow technician
trainings were held abroad (In Brazil) in the first
from another district, and see how they use the
project year, in Zambezia Province in the
acquired knowledge; these serve as motivation
second project year, in Manica Province in the
for self-improvement.
third project year, and in Cabo Delgado
Set this environment assigning importance to
Province in the fourth project year.
companionship among counterparts and
simultaneously showing them how their
4. Good Practice and Lessons
Learnt during the colleagues from other districts use the acquired
Implementation of the knowledge, also create a somewhat spirit of
Project rivalry, but in a good sense, this will result in a
boosted motivation and portrayal of spontaneity
(1) Capacity Building of Counterparts for self-improvement.
The capacity of the counterparts both at
provincial and district level was successfully (3) Utilization and Capacity Building of
strengthened by carrying out ‘custom made’ Local Private Companies

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In the Project, local private companies based in (5) Establishment of Unified Structure of
Niassa Province were contracted for the Spare Parts Supply Chain
implementation of PEC activities, construction In the spare parts sales system, for the vendor
of boreholes with hand pumps, and construction at the district centre, a trustworthy local dealer
of school latrines. During the implementation / was selected, for the vendor at Administrative
construction period, the Project supervised their Post level, a local mechanic known by the
activities and provided necessary technical community was chosen. The sales system was
advice and support as a part of capacity building. conceived basing on the supply and demand of
Although there had been a lot of room for market principles.
improvement in their implementation skills at After detailed explanation to the spare parts’
the beginning, due to close supervision by the vendors about the objective of this activity,
Project, these activities were successfully which is not simply a mare business activity,
completed. Thus it can be said that the but also one that entails a social component
utilization as well as capacity building of the aimed at improving the sanitation situation in
local resources are very effective as the the communities, the vendors started to show a
enhanced skills and knowledge shall be given more receptive and collaborative attitude.
back to the local society in the Province. One of the reasons that led to the functioning
of this structure was the good relationship
(4) Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion developed between the dealer, the local
The approach used to promote sanitation, in mechanics, SDPI´s technicians, Project
this Project, not only was it through SANTOLIC, members, where most improvement ideas
but also through PHAST in a flexible manner, suggested by the dealers were accepted and
depending on the conditions of the target materialized by the Project and by
community. Moreover, in cases where the stakeholders.
community leader and the Water and Sanitation
Committee showed manifest interest to attain
LIFECA, they did not await the Project´s (6) Cooperation between the Project and
initiative, but they took actions based on self- JOCV
initiative by visiting community families and Two JICA volunteers are assigned to the
trying to improve sanitation conditions. Project implementing institution which is the
With regard to assessment of LIFECA, DPOPHRH/DAAS. These young volunteers
aiming at improving the competence of have been actively accompanying and
examiners, Province-level workshops were participating in the execution of the Project,
carried out to standardize the assessment where they had the opportunity of enhancing
approach so that every assessment carried out by the knowledge about water supply and
any examiner bears similar results. In the sanitation. After completion of the Project,
workshop targeting examiners, real life jointly with counterpart technicians, the
situations were discussed in details to establish volunteers have been doing post-project
an unbiased assessment. monitoring work in the communities.
As clearly evidenced, taking advantage of the
Technical Cooperation characteristics and
those of the volunteers, with active
coordination between both parts, the chance for

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sustainable Technical Cooperation results may
be enhanced.

(Project period: January/2013 to

February/2017)

References:
Final Report of the Project for the Sustainable
Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene
Promotion in Rural Zambezia Province, Japanese
International Cooperation Agency ( JICA ) / Japan
Techno Co. , Ltd., 2011

National Program for Rural Water and Sanitation,

National Directorate of Water, 2009

Minutes of the Meeting for the Establishment of

GAS - Niassa, Provincial Directorate of Public
Works and Housing (DPOPH), 2010.

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