7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers

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Posted on : May 18, 2015 , Last Updated on : October 8, 2016 By Petras Liumparas More    
SHELL SCRIPTS
We have selected
DEVOPS expected 70 shell scripting question and answers for your interview preparation. Its really vital for all system admin to know
scripting
WEB or SERVERS
atleast the basics which in turn helps to automate many tasks in your work environment. In the past few years we have seen that all
linux job specification
UBUNTU HOWTO requires scripting skills.

1) How to pass argument to a script ?

./script argument

Example : Script will show filename

./show.sh file1.txt

cat show.sh
#!/bin/bash
cat $1

2) How to use argument in a script ?

First argument: $1,

Second argument : $2

Example : Script will copy file (arg1) to destination (arg2)

./copy.sh file1.txt /tmp/

cat copy.sh
#!/bin/bash
cp $1 $2

3) How to calculate number of passed arguments ?

$#

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7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers

4) How to get script name inside a script ?

$0

5) How to check if previous command run successful ?

$?

6) How to get last line from a file ?

tail -1

7) How to get first line from a file ?

head -1

8) How to get 3rd element from each line from a file ?

awk '{print $3}'

9) How to get 2nd element from each line from a file, if first equal FIND

awk '{ if ($1 == "FIND") print $2}'

10) How to debug bash script

Add -xv to #!/bin/bash

Example

#!/bin/bash –xv

11) Give an example how to write function ?

function example {
echo "Hello world!"
}

12) How to add string to string ?

V1="Hello"
V2="World"
let V3=$V1+$V2
echo $V3

Output

Hello+World

13) How to add two integers ?

V1=1
V2=2
V3=$V1+$V2
echo $V3

Output
3

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Remember you need to add "let" to line V3=$V1+$V2

then echo $V3 will give 3

if without let , then it will be

echo $V3 will give 1+2

14) How to check if file exist on filesystem ?

if [ -f /var/log/messages ]
then
echo "File exists"
fi

15) Write down syntax for all loops in shell scripting ?

for loop :

for i in $( ls ); do
echo item: $i
done

while loop :

#!/bin/bash
COUNTER=0
while [ $COUNTER -lt 10 ]; do
echo The counter is $COUNTER
let COUNTER=COUNTER+1
done

until loop :

#!/bin/bash
COUNTER=20
until [ $COUNTER -lt 10 ]; do
echo COUNTER $COUNTER
let COUNTER-=1
done

16) What it means by #!/bin/sh or #!/bin/bash at beginning of every script ?

That line tells which shell to use. #!/bin/bash script to execute using /bin/bash. In case of python script there there will be #!/usr/bin/python

17) How to get 10th line from the text file ?

head -10 file|tail -1

18) What is the first symbol in the bash script file

19) What would be the output of command: [ -z "" ] && echo 0 || echo 1

20) What command "export" do ?

Makes variable public in subshells

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21) How to run script in background ?

add "&" to the end of script

22) What "chmod 500 script" do ?

Makes script executable for script owner

23) What ">" do ?

Redirects output stream to file or another stream.

24) What difference between & and &&

& - we using it when want to put script to background

&& - when we wand to execute command/script if first script was finished successfully

25) When we need "if" before [ condition ] ?

When we need to run several commands if condition meets.

26) What would be the output of the command: name=John && echo 'My name is $name'

My name is $name

27) Which is the symbol used for comments in bash shell scripting ?

28) What would be the output of command: echo ${new:-variable}

variable

29) What difference between ' and " quotes ?

' - we use it when do not want to evaluate variables to the values

" - all variables will be evaluated and its values will be assigned instead.

30) How to redirect stdout and stderr streams to log.txt file from script inside ?

Add "exec >log.txt 2>&1" as the first command in the script

31) How to get part of string variable with echo command only ?

echo ${variable:x:y}
x - start position
y - length
example:
variable="My name is Petras, and I am developer."
echo ${variable:11:6} # will display Petras

32) How to get home_dir with echo command only if string variable="User:123:321:/home/dir" is given ?

echo ${variable#*:*:*:}
or
echo ${variable##*:}

33) How to get “User” from the string above ?

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7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers

echo ${variable%:*:*:*}
or
echo ${variable%%:*}

34) How to list users which UID less that 100 (awk) ?

awk -F: '$3<100' /etc/passwd

35) Write the program which counts unique primary groups for users and displays count and group name only

cat /etc/passwd|cut -d: -f4|sort|uniq -c|while read c g

do
{ echo $c; grep :$g: /etc/group|cut -d: -f1;}|xargs -n 2
done

36) How to change standard field separator to ":" in bash shell ?

IFS=":"

37) How to get variable length ?

${#variable}

38) How to print last 5 characters of variable ?

echo ${variable: -5}

39) What difference between ${variable:-10} and ${variable: -10} ?

${variable:-10} - gives 10 if variable was not assigned before

${variable: -10} - gives last 10 symbols of variable

40) How to substitute part of string with echo command only ?

echo ${variable//pattern/replacement}

41) Which command replaces string to uppercase ?

tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'

42) How to count local accounts ?

wc -l /etc/passwd|cut -d" " -f1

or
cat /etc/passwd|wc -l

43) How to count words in a string without wc command ?

set ${string}
echo $#

44) Which one is correct "export $variable" or "export variable" ?

export variable

45) How to list files where second letter is a or b ?

ls -d ?[ab]*

46) How to add integers a to b and assign to c ?

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7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers

c=$((a+b))
or
c=`expr $a + $b`
or
c=`echo "$a+$b"|bc`

47) How to remove all spaces from the string ?

echo $string|tr -d " "

48) Rewrite the command to print the sentence and converting variable to plural: item="car"; echo "I like $item" ?

item="car"; echo "I like ${item}s"

49) Write the command which will print numbers from 0 to 100 and display every third (0 3 6 9 …) ?

for i in {0..100..3}; do echo $i; done

or
for (( i=0; i<=100; i=i+3 )); do echo "Welcome $i times"; done

50) How to print all arguments provided to the script ?

echo $*
or
echo $@

51) What difference between [ $a == $b ] and [ $a -eq $b ]

[ $a == $b ] - should be used for string comparison

[ $a -eq $b ] - should be used for number tests

52) What difference between = and ==

= - we using to assign value to variable

== - we using for string comparison

53) Write the command to test if $a greater than 12 ?

[ $a -gt 12 ]

54) Write the command to test if $b les or equal 12 ?

[ $b -le 12 ]

55) How to check if string begins with "abc" letters ?

[[ $string == abc* ]]

56) What difference between [[ $string == abc* ]] and [[ $string == "abc*" ]]

[[ $string == abc* ]] - will check if string begins with abc letters

[[ $string == "abc*" ]] - will check if string is equal exactly to abc*

57) How to list usernames which starts with ab or xy ?

egrep "^ab|^xy" /etc/passwd|cut -d: -f1

58) What $! means in bash ?

Most recent background command PID

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7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers

59) What $? means ?

Most recent foreground exit status.

60) How to print PID of the current shell ?

echo $$

61) How to get number of passed arguments to the script ?

echo $#

62) What difference between $* and $@

$* - gives all passed arguments to the script as a single string

$@ - gives all passed arguments to the script as delimited list. Delimiter $IFS

63) How to define array in bash ?

array=("Hi" "my" "name" "is")

64) How to print the first array element ?

echo ${array[0]}

65) How to print all array elements ?

echo ${array[@]}

66) How to print all array indexes ?

echo ${!array[@]}

67) How to remove array element with id 2 ?

unset array[2]

68) How to add new array element with id 333 ?

array[333]="New_element"

69) How shell script get input values ?

a) via parameters

./script param1 param2

b) via read command

read -p "Destination backup Server : " desthost

70) How can we use "expect" command in a script ?

/usr/bin/expect << EOD

spawn rsync -ar ${line} ${desthost}:${destpath}
expect "*?assword:*"
send "${password}\r"
expect eof
EOD

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7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers

Good luck !! Please comment below if you have any new query or need answers for your questions. Let us know how well this helped for your
interview :-)

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Comments (13)

Trackback URL | Comments RSS Feed

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7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers

1. vicdeveloper says:
May 27, 2015 at 4:01 am

Great!.

This article is a gem. Oh my god, a lot of useful info about shell scripting.

Thanks :D!

Reply

2. Ashish says:
March 12, 2016 at 10:37 am

lot of useful info

Reply

3. Abhishek says:
May 29, 2016 at 1:59 pm

Really awesome?....

Reply

4. Harish says:
June 5, 2016 at 9:31 am

Awesomeeeee... Great stuff..

Reply

5. Swapnil Shevate says:

July 9, 2016 at 6:15 am

You nailed it. Thanks !

Reply

6. anumolu says:
August 21, 2016 at 10:48 pm

It's nice..!!

Reply

7. Laxma Reddy says:

August 30, 2016 at 10:51 am

Hi Petras Liumparas,

This is very very useful information on shell scripting, Please comeup with advanced tutorial like this.

I hope you will keep posting this kind of tutorial in shell script, especially in advanced level. if possible cover SED in detail.

https://linoxide.com/linux-shell-script/shell-scripting-interview-questions-answers/ 9/24
7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers

Thanks a lot.

Reply

8. BhanuChand says:
September 5, 2016 at 6:34 pm

Great collection.

Reply

9. deepak says:
November 15, 2016 at 11:30 am

good one

Reply

10. Ratnaji says:

November 25, 2016 at 7:34 am

Great Collection. Also it would be great if you can share common shell script errors and error handling related stuff.

Thanks in Advance.

Reply

Bobbin Zachariah says:

November 26, 2016 at 11:36 am

Thanks for the comments. sure will consider

Reply

11. Mike Yung says:

February 8, 2017 at 1:11 am

This is so helpful. Thank you so much

Reply

12. Arun Kumar says:

June 16, 2017 at 7:46 pm

Really it good collection. All are new question. Great effort.

Reply

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Speci ed User / Group ID

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7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers
2 OCT, 2012

Linux System Performance Monitoring Using

Sar Command

12 SEP, 2012

How To Mount & Umount Di erent Devices In

Linux

1 SEP, 2012

How To Use Linux Grep Command To Find

Strings

6 MAY, 2012

What Is Linux RPM And Installing, Uninstalling,

Updating, Querying,Verifying RPM

20 OCT, 2011

11 Examples How To Use Linux Tar Command

And All Options

7 SEP, 2011

Learn How To Use Linux vi Editor And Its

Commands

7 SEP, 2011

Linux Commands To Manage Shared Libraries

6 SEP, 2011

8 Examples - Linux du Command With All Its

Options

6 SEP, 2011

15 Di erence Between Linux Yum and

Up2date Command

6 SEP, 2011

Example - How To Use Tee Command In Linux

22 AUG, 2011

13 Examples To Explain Linux Netstat

Commad

22 AUG, 2011

Learn Linux DD Command - 15 Examples With

All Options

24 JUN, 2011

Linux Watch Command - Repeat A Command

At Regular Intervals

21 JUN, 2011

7 Examples Linux Dmidecode Command -

Display Hardware Details In BIOS

27 MAY, 2011

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7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers
20 Examples for Linux Zip and UnZip
Command

18 MAY, 2011

38 Basic Linux Commands To Learn With

Examples

16 MAY, 2011

Commands Check Linux OS is 64 / 32 bit and

CPU 64 / 32 Bit

13 MAY, 2011

Linux Print Command : Usage Of Linux lp

Command With Examples

10 MAY, 2011

6 Examples Linux Chage Command : Set

Password Aging For User

2 MAY, 2011

10 Example Scenarios To Learn Linux Find

Command

30 APR, 2011

Linux Awk Command With Examples To Make

It Easy

30 APR, 2011

13 Commands to Find Architecture of Linux OS

and CPU (32 & 64) Bit

30 APR, 2011

Linux Hdparm Command: Display Hard Disk

Model and Serial Number

24 APR, 2011

Everyday Linux ps command Examples for

System Admin

24 APR, 2011

How To List Linux Pci Devices Using lspci

Command

23 APR, 2011

How To Use Screen And Script Command In

Linux

23 APR, 2011

12 Di erent Options of Rsync Command in

Linux With Examples

23 APR, 2011

How To Use Linux Route Add Command

23 APR, 2011

Few Netstat Command Example Useful For

Daily Usage
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7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers
23 APR, 2011

Can Linux sfdisk Tool Used Instead Of Fdisk

20 MAR, 2011

Can dd Command Used To Wipe Data?

Examples

20 MAR, 2011

How To Use Linux Kill Command

20 MAR, 2011

How To Backup LVM Con guration On Linux

(vgcfgbackup & vgcfgrestore)

25 FEB, 2011

How to Create Partition in Linux using fdisk

Tool

25 FEB, 2011

How To Use Linux Tr Command With Examples

22 FEB, 2011

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