Electrical Transmission and Distribution System Design
Electrical Transmission and Distribution System Design
Electrical Transmission and Distribution System Design
By
RACHEL A. BETINOL
October, 2018
VISION
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
MISSION
DESIGN.
SPECIFICALLY TO:
IN RELATED FIELDS.
MATHEMATICS.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS.
CONTEXTS.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Though only my name appears on the cover of this research, a great many
people have contributed to its production, I owe my gratitude to all those people who
have made this output possible and because of whom my undergraduate experience
First of all I would like to thank the College of Engineering, Architecture and
Technology especially for the Electrical Engineering Department for accepting and
giving me a chance to show my hard works and strength to the faculty of Electrical
Engineering Department
To my family that supports, loves and guides me all the way to finish my
degree
A. System Interconnection
NUCLEAR
HYDRO
DIESEL
UNILIVER
BULK S/S P&G
BINTUAN S/S
SAN NICOLAS S/S
SAGRADA S/S
BORAC S/S
NEW BUSUANGA
S/S DECABOBO S/S
Bulk Substation
LOAD kVA kW
AVERAGE 47,588 38,070.4
MINIMUM 25,473.39 20,378.712
MAXIMUM 63,050.17 50,440.136
TOTAL 117,199.805 93,759.844
MAGIC SARAP NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
o CAPACITY = 40MW
o GENERATOR = 2 x 20MW
o CAPACITY = 21MW
o GENERATOR = 3 x 7MW
o GENERATOR VOLTAGE =
o CAPACITY = 50MW
o GENERATOR = 2 x 25MW
o GENERATOR VOLTAGE =
C. Substation Loads
o VOLTAGE = 115kV
o LENGTH = 77km
o VOLTAGE = 115kV
o LENGTH = 44km
o VOLTAGE = 138kV
o LENGTH = 147km
o VOLTAGE = 69kV
o LENGTH = 83km
o VOLTAGE = 115kV
o LENGTH = 45km
o VOLTAGE = 115kV
o LENGTH = 49km
o VOLTAGE = 69kV
o LENGTH = 82km
o VOLTAGE = 115kV
o LENGTH = 62km
o VOLTAGE = 115kV
o LENGTH = 51km
o LENGTH = 103km
o VOLTAGE = 115kV
o LENGTH = 45km
o VOLTAGE = 115kV
o LENGTH = 39km
Assuming a power factor of 0.9 lagging, the load to be transmitted is 29.6 MVA and
the length of the line is 62 km. The line is modelled as a small-length transmission
line.
kV = 5.5
√ L kW
+
1.6 100
= 5.5
√ 62 29600(0.9)
1.6
+
100
= 96.08 kV
From the table of standard voltages, we select 115 kV as the line voltage. For 115 kV
systems, the conductor to be used is 266.8 MCM ACSR (PARTRIDGE).
Solve for the sending end current, assuming 0.9 lagging factor,
Ss 29.6 x 106
Is = = = 148.605 ⦟−25.84 ° A
√ 3 Es √ 3( 115 x 103 )
From the ACSR table, look for the resistance of the conductor
R = 0.255 Ω/km
Solve for the geometric mean distance (GMD) assuming a triangular configuration
with spacing 7.6 m, 7.6 m and 6.6 m between conductors.
GMD = √3 D12 D23 D31 = √3 7.6 x 7.6 x 6.6 = 7.25m
From the ACSR table, look for the radius (r) and geometric mean radius (GMR) of the
conductor.
r = d/2 = 16.30 mm/2 = 8.15 mm = .815 cm
GMR = 0.0217 ft = .6614 cm
L = 0.2ln ( GMD
GMR )
= 0.2ln
7.25
( 0.006614 ) = 1.4 mH/km
¿
X L = 2 πfL = 2 π ( 60 ) ¿ 1.337 mH/km) = 0.5278 Ω/km
kV = 5.5
√ L kW
+
1.6 100
= 5.5
√ 51 21260(0.9)
1.6
+
100
= 82.172 kV
From the table of standard voltages, we select 115 kV as the line voltage. For 115 kV
systems, the conductor to be used is 266.8 MCM ACSR (PARTRIDGE).
Solve for the sending end current, assuming 0.9 lagging factor,
6
Ss 21.26 x 10
Is = = = 106.734 ⦟−25.84 ° A
√ 3 Es √ 3( 115 x 103 )
From the ACSR table, look for the resistance of the conductor
R = 0.255 Ω/km
Solve for the geometric mean distance (GMD) assuming a triangular configuration
with spacing 7.6 m, 7.6 m and 6.6 m between conductors.
GMD = √3 D12 D23 D31 = √3 7.6 x 7.6 x 6.6 = 7.25m
From the ACSR table, look for the radius (r) and geometric mean radius (GMR) of the
conductor.
r = d/2 = 16.30 mm/2 = 8.15 mm = .815 cm
GMR = 0.0217 ft = .6614 cm
L = 0.2ln ( GMD
GMR )
= 0.2ln
7.25
( 0.006614 ) = 1.4 mH/km
¿
X L = 2 πfL = 2 π ( 60 ) ¿ 1.337 mH/km) = 0.5278 Ω/km
Assuming a power factor of 0.9 lagging, the load to be transmitted is 20 MVA and the
length of the line is 39 km. The line is modelled as a small-length transmission line.
From the table of standard voltages, we select 115 kV as the line voltage. For 115 kV
systems, the conductor to be used is 266.8 MCM ACSR (PARTRIDGE).
Solve for the sending end current, assuming 0.9 lagging factor,
Ss 20 x 10 6
Is = = = 100.409 ⦟−25.84 ° A
√ 3 Es √ 3( 115 x 103 )
From the ACSR table, look for the resistance of the conductor
R = 0.255 Ω/km
Solve for the geometric mean distance (GMD) assuming a triangular configuration
with spacing 7.6 m, 7.6 m and 6.6 m between conductors.
GMD = √3 D12 D23 D31 = √3 7.6 x 7.6 x 6.6 = 7.25m
From the ACSR table, look for the radius (r) and geometric mean radius (GMR) of the
conductor.
r = d/2 = 16.30 mm/2 = 8.15 mm = .815 cm
GMR = 0.0217 ft = .6614 cm
L = 0.2ln ( GMD
GMR )
= 0.2ln
7.25
( .0006614 ) = 1.4 mH/km
¿
X L = 2 πfL = 2 π ( 60 ) ¿ 1.4 mH/km) = 0.5278 Ω/km
Assuming a power factor of 0.9 lagging, the load to be transmitted is 50 MVA and the
length of the line is 147km. The line is modelled as a medium-length transmission
line.
kV = 5.5
√ L kW
+
1.6 100
= 5.5
√ 147 50000(0.9)
1.6
+
100
= 128.03 kV
From the table of standard voltages, we select 138 kV as the line voltage. For 138 kV
systems, the conductor to be used is 336.4 MCM ACSR (MERLIN).
Solve for the sending end current, assuming 0.9 lagging factor,
Ss 50 x 106
Is = = = 209.185 ⦟−25.84 ° A
√ 3 Es √ 3( 138 x 103)
From the ACSR table, look for the resistance of the conductor
R = 0.203 Ω/km
Solve for the geometric mean distance (GMD) assuming a triangular configuration
with spacing 7.6 m, 7.6 m and 6.6 m between conductors.
GMD = √3 D12 D23 D31 = √3 7.6 x 7.6 x 6.6 = 7.251m
From the ACSR table, look for the radius (r) and geometric mean radius (GMR) of the
conductor.
r = d/2 = 18.29 mm/2 = 9.145 mm = .9145 cm
GMR = 0.0244 ft = .743 cm
L = 0.2ln ( GMD
GMR )
= 0.2ln
7.251
( 0.00734 ) = 1.379 mH/km
¿
X L = 2 πfL = 2 π ( 60 ) ¿ 1.379 mH/km) = 0.52 Ω/km
( 1+
(29.841+ j 77.396)( j 0.335 x 10−3 )
4 )
C = j.000333 S
⦟−25.84 ° )
ERN = 66.951 ⦟−9.849 ° kV
ERL = √ 3 ERN = √ 3 (66.951 ⦟−9.849 ° kV)
ERL = 115.962 ⦟−9. 849 ° kV
⦟−25.84 ° )
IR = 219.222 ⦟−31.8 2 ° A
Assuming a power factor of 0.9 lagging, the load to be transmitted is 12.3 MVA and
the length of the line is 83km. The line is modelled as a medium-length transmission
line.
kV = 5.5
√ L kW
+
1.6 100
= 5.5
√ 83 12300(0.9)
1.6
+
100
= 70.128 kV
From the table of standard voltages, we select 69 kV as the line voltage. For 69 kV
systems, the conductor to be used is #4/0 ACSR (PENGUIN).
Solve for the sending end current, assuming 0.9 lagging factor,
Ss 12300 x 106
Is = = = 102.92 ⦟−25.84 ° A
√ 3 Es √3( 69 x 103)
From the ACSR table, look for the resistance of the conductor
R = 0.390 Ω/km
Solve for the geometric mean distance (GMD) assuming a triangular configuration
with spacing 4.3 m, 4.3 m and 4 m between conductors.
GMD = √3 D12 D23 D31 = √3 4.3 x 4.3 x 4 = 4.198m
From the ACSR table, look for the radius (r) and geometric mean radius (GMR) of the
conductor.
r = d/2 = 14.31 mm/2 = 7.155 mm = .7155 cm
GMR = .5572 cm
L = 0.2ln ( GMD
GMR )
= 0.2ln
4.20
( 0.005572 ) = 1.325 mH/km
¿
X L = 2 πfL = 2 π ( 60 ) ¿ 1.325 mH/km) = 0.499 Ω/km
( 1+
(32.37+ j 41.417)( j 0.273 x 10−3 )
4 )
C = j.0002722 S
⦟−25.84 ° )
ERN = 34.812 ⦟−3.637 ° kV
ERL = √ 3 ERN = √ 3 (34.812 ⦟−3.637 ° kV)
ERL = 60.296 ⦟−3.637 ° kV
⦟−25.84 ° )
IR = 107.432 ⦟−30.809 ° A
kV = 5.5
√ L kW
+
1.6 100
= 5.5
√ 103 9650(0.9)
1.6
+
100
= 67.64 kV
From the table of standard voltages, we select 69 kV as the line voltage. For 69 kV
systems, the conductor to be used is #4/0 ACSR (PENGUIN).
Solve for the sending end current, assuming 0.9 lagging factor,
Ss 9.65 x 106
Is = = = 80.745 ⦟−25.84 ° A
√ 3 Es √3( 69 x 103)
From the ACSR table, look for the resistance of the conductor
R = 0.390 Ω/km
Solve for the geometric mean distance (GMD) assuming a triangular configuration
with spacing 4.3 m, 4.3 m and 4 m between conductors.
GMD = √3 D12 D23 D31 = √3 4.3 x 4.3 x 4 = 4.198m
From the ACSR table, look for the radius (r) and geometric mean radius (GMR) of the
conductor.
r = d/2 = 14.31 mm/2 = 7.155 mm = .7155 cm
GMR = .5572 cm
L = 0.2ln ( GMD
GMR )
= 0.2ln
4.20
( 0.005572 ) = 1.325 mH/km
¿
X L = 2 πfL = 2 π ( 60 ) ¿ 1.325 mH/km) = 0.499 Ω/km
(1+ ZY4 )
−3
C = Y = j 0.273 x 10 )
¿
( )
−3
( 40.17+ j 51.397)( j 0.273 x 10 )
1+
4
C = j0.000274 S
)
ERN = 34.894 ⦟−3.455 ° kV
ERL = √ 3 ERN = √ 3 (34.894 ⦟−3.455 ° kV)
ERL = 60.438 ⦟−3.455 ° kV
IR = 85.454 ⦟−32.143 ° A