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Task 3

A relay senses faults and controls circuits by signaling circuit breakers. Switches are manually operated to turn systems on and off. Circuit breakers automatically control and protect systems by interrupting power in response to overloads or faults. There are different types of DC circuit breakers including high voltage (HVDC) circuit breakers rated for 33kV and 2kA, and solid state circuit breakers using devices like Zener diodes or silicon controlled rectifiers to sense unsafe voltages. Z-source circuit breakers mitigate faults using capacitors and inductors to redirect current around short circuits.

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Abdullah Ashraf
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40 views3 pages

Task 3

A relay senses faults and controls circuits by signaling circuit breakers. Switches are manually operated to turn systems on and off. Circuit breakers automatically control and protect systems by interrupting power in response to overloads or faults. There are different types of DC circuit breakers including high voltage (HVDC) circuit breakers rated for 33kV and 2kA, and solid state circuit breakers using devices like Zener diodes or silicon controlled rectifiers to sense unsafe voltages. Z-source circuit breakers mitigate faults using capacitors and inductors to redirect current around short circuits.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Ashraf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Difference:

Relay:
A relay is a switch which is used for sensing and controlling the fault. relay is also a protective
device when it senses the fault then it will go to circuit breaker and then circuit breaker will decide
the fault to trip the whole system or not.

Switches:
Switches are manually actuated by the user it is only used for on and off of the system. when the
fault occurs then we manually off the switch, and when the fault recovers then we manually on
the switch

Circuit breaker:
The circuit breaker is used for controlling and protective device and it will break the system
according to load and fault occurs in the system .it will trip the system according to the fault type
whether it is short circuit or over current.
.

Figure 1

Types of DC Circuit Breaker:


There are different types of dc circuit breaker that are given below:

 HVDC circuit breaker.

 Solid state circuit breaker.


Solid State Circuit Breaker:
A circuit breaker in which a Zener diode, silicon-controlled rectifier, or solid-
state device is connected to sense when load terminal voltage exceeds a safe value.

Figure 2

HVDC Circuit Breaker:


The breaker which is used for the high voltage direct current is known as the HVDC circuit
breaker. The voltage breaking capacity of the HVDC circuit breaker is nearly 33KV, and for the
current, it is 2KA.

Z source Circuit Breaker:


Operation of Z-Source Breaker:
The operation of the z-source circuit can be understood by considering the current path. A
portion of the fault current will come from the z-source breaker capacitances. In the transient
state, the inductor keeps the current constant. The conduction path is then through the z-source
capacitors and back to the source. When the fault occurs in this system, there is no direct short
of the capacitor voltages, because of the inductors in the z-source circuit. The breaker
components act together to quickly mitigate faults in a DC system.

Cross Z-Source Circuit Breaker


Cross z-source circuit breaker consists of capacitor, inductor, diode, thyristor and resistor. In this
breaker capacitor is connect in cross L-C connection. The system load is represented by resistor
and capacitor. Whenever fault occurs in the system breaker component act together quickly
mitigate fault in the system.

Parallel Z-Source Circuit Breaker


Parallel z-source circuit breaker consists of capacitor, inductor, diode, thyristor and resistor. In
the construction capacitor is connected parallel with L-C connection, diode and resistor. The
system load is represented by the R-C circuit consist of RI and Ci. So breaker component act
together to quickly mitigate faults in a DC system.

Series Z-Source Circuit Breaker


Series z-source circuit breaker consist of capacitor, inductor, diode, thyristor and resistor. In the
construction capacitor connected in series with L-C connection, diode and resistor. The system
load is represented by the R-C circuit consist of Ri and Ci. So, breaker component act together to
quickly mitigate faults in a DC system.

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