USA

USAMTS
1998

Round 1

1 Several pairs of positive integers (m, n) satisfy the condition 19m + 90 + 8n = 1998. Of these,
(100, 1) is the pair with the smallest value for n. Find the pair with the smallest value for m.

2 Determine the smallest rational number rs such that k1 + m 1

3 It is possible to arrange eight of the nine numbers 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15 in the vacant
squares of the 3 by 4 array shown on the right so that the arithmetic average of the numbers
in each row and in each column is the same integer. Exhibit such an arrangement, and specify
which one of the nine numbers must be left out when completing the array.

9 5

14

4 Show that it is possible to arrange seven distinct points in the plane so that among any three
of these seven points, two of the points are a unit distance apart. (Your solution should
include a carefully prepared sketch of the seven points, along with all segments that are of
unit length.)
2 2
5 The gure on the right shows the ellipse (x−19)
19 + (x−98)
98 = 1998. Let R1 , R2 , R3 , and R4
denote those areas within the ellipse that are in the rst, second, third, and fourth quadrants,
respectively. Determine the value of R1 − R2 + R3 − R4 .

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 USA
USAMTS
1998

R2 R1

x
R3 R4

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 USA
USAMTS
1998

Round 2

1 Determine the unique pair of real numbers (x, y) that satisfy the equation

(4x2 + 6x + 4)(4y 2 − 12y + 25) = 28.

2 Prove that there are innitely many ordered triples of positive integers (a, b, c) such that the
greatest common divisor of a, b, and c is 1, and the sum a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 is the square of an
integer.

3 Nine cards can be numbered using positive half-integers (1/2, 1, 3/2, 2, 5/2, . . . ) so that the
sum of the numbers on a randomly chosen pair of cards gives an integer from 2 to 12 with
the same frequency of occurrence as rolling that sum on two standard dice. What are the
numbers on the nine cards and how often does each number appear on the cards?

4 As shown on the gure, square P QRS is inscribed in right triangle ABC, whose right angle is
at C, so that S and P are on sides BC and CA, respectively, while Q and R are on side AB.
Prove that AB ≥ 3QR and determine when equality occurs.

P S

A Q R B

5 In the gure on the right, ABCD is a convex quadrilateral, K, L, M, and N are the midpoints
of its sides, and P QRS is the quadrilateral formed by the intersections of AK, BL, CM, and
DN . Determine the area of quadrilateral P QRS if the area of quadrilateral ABCD is 3000,
and the areas of quadrilaterals AM QP and CKSR are 513 and 388, respectively.

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 USA
USAMTS
1998

K C
D

S
R
N
L P
Q

A M B

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 USA
USAMTS
1998

Round 3

1 Determine the leftmost three digits of the number

11 + 22 + 33 + ... + 999999 + 10001000 .

2 There are innitely many ordered pairs (m, n) of positive integers for which the sum

m + (m + 1) + (m + 2) + ... + (n − 1) + n

is equal to the product mn. The four pairs with the smallest values of m are (1, 1), (3, 6), (15, 35),
and (85, 204). Find three more (m, n) pairs.

3 The integers from 1 to 9 can be arranged into a 3 × 3 array (as shown on the right) so that
the sum of the numbers in every row, column, and diagonal is a multiple of 9.
(a.) Prove that the number in the center of the array must be a multiple of 3.
(b.) Give an example of such an array with 6 in the center.

A B C

D E F

G H I

4 Prove that if 0 < x < π/2, then sec6 x + csc6 x + (sec6 x)(csc6 x) ≥ 80.

5 In the gure on the right, O is the center of the circle, OK and OA are perpendicular to
one another, M is the midpoint of OK, BN is parallel to OK, and ∠AM N = ∠N M O.
Determine the measure of ∠ABN in degrees.

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 USA
USAMTS
1998

B N

K
M O

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 USA
USAMTS
1998

Round 4

1 Exhibit a 13-digit integer N that is an integer multiple of 213 and whose digits consist of only
8s and 9s.
2 For a nonzero integer i, the exponent of 2 in the prime factorization of i is called ord2 (i). For
example, ord2 (9) = 0 since 9 is odd, and ord2 (28) = 2 since 28 = 22 × 7. The numbers 3n − 1
for n = 1, 2, 3, . . . are all even so ord2 (3n − 1) > 0 for n > 0. a) For which positive integers
n is ord2 (3n − 1) = 1? b) For which positive integers n is ord2 (3n − 1) = 2? c) For which
positive integers n is ord2 (3n − 1) = 3? Prove your answers.
1
3 Let f be a polynomial of degree 98, such that f (k) = k for k = 1, 2, 3, . . . , 99. Determine
f (100).
4 Let A consist of 16 elements of the set {1, 2, 3, . . . , 106}, so that no two elements of A differ
by 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 21. Prove that two elements of A must differ by 3.
5 In 4ABC, let D, E, and F be the midpoints of the sides of the triangle, and let P, Q, and R
be the midpoints of the corresponding medians, AD, BE, and CF , respectively, as shown in
the gure at the right. Prove that the value of
AQ2 + AR2 + BP 2 + BR2 + CP 2 + CQ2
AB 2 + BC 2 + CA2
does not depend on the shape of 4ABC and nd that value.

E R D

Q
P

A F B

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