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Problem solving in psychology refers to finding solutions to problems in life. The process involves defining the problem, generating possible solutions, evaluating them, selecting a solution, and verifying it works. Mental health professionals study human problem solving using various methods. Social psychologists examine interpersonal problem solving and how the person and environment relate. Studies have found emotions and goals influence problem solving performance and strategies.

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29 views2 pages

Psychology: Application Android:Allowbackup "True" Android:Icon "@Mipmap/Ic - Launcher"

Problem solving in psychology refers to finding solutions to problems in life. The process involves defining the problem, generating possible solutions, evaluating them, selecting a solution, and verifying it works. Mental health professionals study human problem solving using various methods. Social psychologists examine interpersonal problem solving and how the person and environment relate. Studies have found emotions and goals influence problem solving performance and strategies.

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sandeep
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wiPsychology[edit]

Problem solving in psychology refers to the process of finding solutions to problems encountered in
life.[2] Solutions to these problems are usually situation or context-specific. The process starts
with problem finding and problem shaping, where the problem is discovered and simplified. The next
step is to generate possible solutions and evaluate them. Finally a solution is selected to be
implemented and verified. Problems have an end goal to be reached and how you get there
depends upon problem orientation (problem-solving coping style and skills) and systematic
analysis.[3] Mental health professionals study the human problem solving processes using methods
such as introspection, behaviorism, simulation, computer modeling, and experiment. Social
psychologists look into the person-environment relationship aspect of the problem and independent
and interdependent problem-solving methods.[4] Problem solving has been defined as a higher-
order cognitive process and intellectual function that requires the modulation and control of more
routine or fundamental skills.[5]
Problem solving has two major domains: mathematical problem solving and personal problem
solving. Both are seen in terms of some difficulty or barrier that is encountered.[6] Empirical research
shows many different strategies and factors influence everyday problem solving.[7][8][9] Rehabilitation
psychologists studying individuals with frontal lobe injuries have found that deficits in emotional
control and reasoning can be re-mediated with effective rehabilitation and could improve the
capacity of injured persons to resolve everyday problems.[10] Interpersonal everyday problem solving
is dependent upon the individual personal motivational and contextual components. One such
component is the emotional valence of "real-world" problems and it can either impede or aid
problem-solving performance. Researchers have focused on the role of emotions in problem
solving, [11][12] demonstrating that poor emotional control can disrupt focus on the target task and
impede problem resolution and likely lead to negative outcomes such as fatigue, depression, and
inertia.[13] In conceptualization, human problem solving consists of two related processes: problem
orientation and the motivational/attitudinal/affective approach to problematic situations and problem-
solving skills. Studies conclude people's strategies cohere with their goals[14] and stem from the
natural process of comparing oneself with others.

Cognitive sciences[edit]
The early experimental work of the Gestaltists in Germany placed the beginning of problem solving
study (e.g., Karl Duncker in 1935 with his book The psychology of productive thinking[15]). Later this
experimental work continued through the 1960s and early 1970s with research conducted on
relatively simple (but novel for participants) laboratory tasks of problem solving.[16][17] The use of
simple, novel tasks was due to the clearly defined optimal solutions and short time for solving, which
made it possible for the researchers to trace participants' steps in problem-solving process.
Researchers' underlying assumption was that simple tasks such as the Tower of Hanoi correspond
to the main properties of "real world" problems and thus the characteristic cognitive processes within
participants' attempts to solve simple problems are the same for "real world" problems too; simple
problems were used for reasons of convenience and with the expectation that thought
generalizations to more complex problems would become possible. Perhaps the best-known and
most impressive example of this line of research is the work by Allen Newell and Herbert A.
Simon.[18][improper synthesis?] Other experts have shown that the principle of decomposition improves the
ability of the problem solver to make good judgment.[19]

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