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The Cultural Forms of The Dibarosan Structures in Lanao: Prof. Ben J. Kadil

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THE CULTURAL FORMS OF THE DIBAROSAN STRUCTURES

IN LANAO

A Paper Presented to

Prof. Ben J. Kadil

Presented to the
School of Graduate Studies
Mindanao State University
Marawi City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements of the Subject
History 212 (Socio-Cultural History of Mindanao)

Submitted by:

Raihanah M. Gote

May 26, 2017


Dibarosan sa Taraka

(The Dibarosan of Taraka)

There are many existing Dibarosans in Lanao but the Dibarosan structure located

in Taraka, Lanao del Sur served as a reflection for the structure of the political system

in the place. It serves as a stone head for purposes of meeting the death penalty on

condemned criminals.

During the Sultanate system, the constituents follow the Sultanate system. The

Sultanate system involves death penalties for heinous crimes. An individual was judged

and punished for transgressions of Islamic percepts on murder, adultery, and other

grave offences. The punishment was public to instill in the minds of Maranao Muslims

the moral act and its exigency.

Capital punishment is told in commonplace stories and folktales, usually relating

to infidelity. While it may be said that there could have been Dibarosans in other

settlements in Lanao, it is only in Taraka where a proof of death penalty and public

punishment still exist.

The Dibarosan, therefore, has become a symbol of discipline. The Dibarosan

stands on a ground next to Taraka River, between Torogan and Maidana at Maruhom

Jalalodin in Gapa-o Balindong, Taraka, Lanao del Sur.


DIBAROSAN SA BAYANG
(The Dibarosan of Bayang)

The Dibarosan of Bayang existed since 16 CE, since the sultanate of Sultan

Kudarat. It was established after Sultan Kudarat visited the place to encourage

inhabitants of the place to join the revolution against Non-Muslims.

The stone (shown in the image) was exactly where Sultan Kudarat stood and

delivered his message in the entire land. Though it do not have any political

implications for the place, they preserved it for they treasure Sultan Kudarat for hhis

bravery and compassion among his people.

At the back of the Dibarosan structure was Masjid of Imam Diwan. It was the

first Masjid built in the place. Consequently, it was considered as one of the most

significant Masjids in Lanao because it served as one of the first Madrasah (Arabic

school in Lanao) where numerous Muslims studied and learned Arabic after its arrival in

the Philippines.

The presence of the Masjid of Imam Diwan was considered one of the reasons

why Sultan Kudarat chose to deliver his speech. It was believed that it was after he

performed Sambayang (prayer) together with the residents of the place that he was

able to stand bravely, convincing people to embrace Islam and spread it all over

Mindanao.
DIBAROSAN SA PAGAYAWAN
The Dibarosan of Pagayawan

The place of Pagayawan has a different view of the Dibarosan. They perceived

the Dibarosan to be of great power and magic. It served as a place for solemnity and

purity of intentions.

According to the residents who have preserved the historical significance of the

structures, the Dibarosan of Pagayawan was part of the rituals for Sultan

enthronements because the new elected Sultan was believed to become more efficient

in his reign not until he has seated in the Dibarosan.

As such, if the newly elected Sultan was not able to seat in the Dibarosan and

perform the associated rituals and ceremonies associated with it, he might easily lose

his power because the Dibarosan has a supernatural power of strengthening ruling and

leadership.

Meanwhile, the significance of the Dibarosan started after a resident in the place

dreamt of a stone structure brought down by Allah (s.w.t) to serve as a stone of power

and compassion for Sultans. That is why, those who neglect to sit in the Dibarosan is

believed to suffer from extreme illness that can even cause death.

There are also associated traditional prayer granting just by praying in front of

the Dibarosan such as, recovering from illness, wishing for a child, wishing for another

child and wishing for power and bravery.

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