TOPIC/ LESSON NAME A.
Starting points for the understanding of culture, society and politics
3. Observations on social, political and cultural change (examples: texting, transnational families, local
public services, youth volunteerism)
4. Definition of anthropology, political science and sociology
B. Defining (Culture and) Society from the perspectives of anthropology and sociology.
1. Society as a group of people sharing a common culture
CONTENT STANDARDS The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
A. 3. The rationale for studying anthropology, political science and sociology
B. 1. (Culture and) Society as anthropological and sociological concepts.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS A. 3 appreciates the value of disciplines of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science as social
sciences
B. 1. Appreciate the nature of (culture and) society from the perspectives of anthropology and sociology
2. Demonstrate a holistic understanding of culture and society.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES A. 3. Analyze social, political and cultural change
B. 1. Explain anthropological and sociological perspectives on (culture and) society.
2. Describe society (and culture) as a complex whole.
SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Students will identify through class sharing various prevailing cultural, social and political behavioral
patterns observed and experienced as members of their respective societies.
2. Evaluate identified cultural, social, and political issues using anthropological/sociological perspectives
through group sharing.
3. Analyze cultural variation, social transformation and political distinctiveness through written reflection.
TIME ALLOTMENT 60 to 90 minutes
THIS TG IS PREPARED BY
LESSON OUTLINE
1. Motivational Activity
2. Definition of Society, Sociology, Anthropology and Political Science
3. Activity: Venn diagram
4. Evaluation
5. Formative Assessment
LCD Projector
Posters containing definition of terms
MATERIALS Glass, Bugs, and Mud poster or chart (See description on pp.5)
Drop box/Question box or bulletin board
PROCEDURE Teacher Tips
INTODUCTION/ MOTIVATION (10 TO 20 MINUTES)
TITLE OF THE MOTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY: WRITE ONE AND PASS The teacher may use a different motivational
activity suitable for their class.
Instructions:
This question may be given a previous class
1. Students seated next to each other may be group together. The teacher poses a question and writes it on the
meeting as an assignment. Students may be
black board. Such as: what issues and events in our society/ country that concern you today? The class is
encouraged to watch news, listen to an A.M
given one to three minutes to think for answers.
radio or observe social media posts. If their
2. The students writes on issue or concern on a piece of paper. At the teacher’s signal, the student passes the assignment is given, then the thinking time may
paper to a seatmate. be reduced or eliminated altogether.
3. The seatmate writes a different issue or concern and passes the paper to the next student.
4. The next students repeats process in #3.
5. A student may be asked to read/write the answers on the black board under the heading: Current Issues The teacher may ask the group/students to
and Concerns in the Philippines. The teacher (or a student) summarizes common/similar answers that are explain why the issues on their list are matters
written in the blackboard. of concern today.
INSTRUCTION/ DELIVERY (20 to 30 MINUTES)
The teacher posts the following definition of concepts on the blackboard. Instead of posters, the teacher can use LCD
projector if available, for this lesson.
Sociology is a branch of social science that deals with the study of society, groups, processes, norms (laws,
practices, patterns of behavior; a belief of what is acceptable; written rules on how to behave), and The teacher may select, add and post the most
organization. relevant definitions and other information; and
Also “Sociology is the study of social behavior and human group” (Schaeffer, 2011) expound on this information verbally.
In short, Sociology is the study of human society and social problems. The teacher may assign students to research on
these concepts ahead of time and present their
Society is a term used by sociologists to refer to a group of people who share a culture and territory (Henslin,
research output in class during this lesson.
2003)
It is important to study society because social forces affect our lives; and in turn, our collective behavior
define social phenomena.
On the other hand, Anthropology is the systematic study of humankind. It is from the words:
Anthropos which means man and logos which mean word/study. It deals with the scientific study of man, his
works, his body, his behavior and values in time and space.
Anthropology is the scientific study of the physical, social and cultural development and behavior of human
beings since their appearance on earth. It studies man’s works and achievements in the arts, sciences,
technology, literature, music, inventions, architecture and sculpture. It is the biological foundations, physical
similarities & differences, evolution, his behavior in politics, religion, social life, religion and health.
Anthropology has four key sub disciplines: 1) Physical Anthropology; 2) Archaeology; 3) linguistics and 4)
Cultural Anthropology
In many ways, Sociology and Anthropology are related to each other because both study people.
However, these two disciplines differ in some ways. Sociology focuses on the study of society and social
processes whereas the main concern of anthropology is to understand man’s culture. Palispis (2007) specified
their differences,
They differ in terms of origin. Anthropology started with the study of primitive and non-literate
groups considered exotic and queer by Westerners. On the other hand, Sociology started as the
study of Western civilization and later, of advanced and contemporary societies. They also differ in
terms of their method of study. Sociology [uses] sampling [whereas] Anthropology makes use of
holistic approach and participant observation (Palispis, 2007)
It is important for us to study Sociology and Anthropology so we can understand society and people’s culture
better that will help us find ways on how to address social issues and improve our social relationships to one
another.
Jacobson (1998) describes political science as the analyses of the state and the relations that people have with
government. Defensor Santiago (2002) exemplifies these relations to “be as simple paying a fine for a traffic
violation, or as complicated as running for the position of barangay chairman”
To Bluntsehli, Political Science is the science of State. According to French writer Paul Janet Political
Science is that branch of social science which treats the foundations of the State and the principles of
government.
For Maurice Duverger, “The [is an] organized power in any society. [It is] both the instrument by which
certain groups dominate others, an instrument used in the interest of the rulers and to the disadvantage of the
ruled, 0 and also means of ensuring a particular social order, of achieving some integration of the individual
and the collectivity for the general good…”
The state has five general integral elements: people, territory, government and sovereignty. All five elements
must be present for a state to exist. The state is a permanent entity whereas government can be changed.
Government is the political organization through which the collective will of the people is formulated,
expressed and executed. As a matter of fact, the state operates through the government machinery.
Government is also defined as an organization that possesses the legitimate means coercion in a society.
Defensor Santiago (2002) simply describes government as the means through which the state exercises its
authority.
“It is important to study political science because as citizens, we have specific roles and responsibilities
towards the State. The State has also a duty to uphold the rights of the citizens. By studying political science,
we come to know our rights and obligations in the State. Studying Political science also helps us realize the
multifarious functions of the State… thereby enabling the learners to assess their own government”
Mohammad Alauddin (2011)
Activity; Venn Diagram (15 TO 20 MINUTES)
Using the list of issues, events and concerns listed on the read, students are instructed to classify the items
according to the discipline that these can be studied. Write the issue within the circle of the appropriate
disciple.
For items that can be studied under two disciplines, write them on spaces A, B, or C. For Items that can be
studied under all disciplines, write them on the space D.
Sociology
A B
D
Anthropology C Political
Science
Processing: After all items have been classified, ask students what they have observed.
Conclusion: The three disciples are inter-related. Issues, events and any phenomena may be studied under any
or all disciplines.
EVALUATION:
Students will be asked to make an essay, guided by this question.
“Analyze this particular situation based from your understanding of the different disciplines of social sciences
that we just discussed. In particular, which among these disciplines is/are most relevant in addressing the
social problem given”. Explain your argument.
The result of this assessment will be recorded
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY: GLASS, BUGS AND MUD (15 to 20 MINUTES)
but not graded.
1. Students will assess their level of understanding of the lesson by posting a sticker on a chart or writing a
check mark on photos of Glass (this means the lesson is totally clear), Bugs (the lesson is a little fuzzy) or
Mud (I can barely understand the lesson).
2. If the combined number of stickers or checkmarks placed under bugs and mud exceed the number of
stickers or checkmarks on the glass. The teacher may re-teach or review this lesson on the following class
meeting.
Drop Box/ Question Box (or bulletin board)
A designated box or bulletin board is placed in a discreet but noticeable corner of the classroom. Students are The teacher may address the questions and
encouraged to drop or post their comments, thoughts or questions on the lesson that they do not understand. concerns placed on the drop box or written on
They may write their name or not on the notes. The notes may serve as feedbacks as to whether they the bulletin board on the following class
understood the lesson or not. meeting.
References Used:
Agrawal, R. C. 2005. Political Theory, New Delhi: Chand & Company Ltd.
Defensor Santiago, Miriam. 2002. Politics and Governance with Philippine Constitution. QC: Central
Professional Books, Inc. The teacher is highly encourage to use other
Henslin, James M. 2003. Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach. Allyn and Bacon Publishing. books and scholarly materials in teaching of
Jacobsohn, John.1998. An Introduction to Political Science. West/Wardsworth: Belmonth, CA. this lesson.
Kapoor, A.C.2000. Principles of Political Science, New Delhi: Chand & Company Ltd.
Palispis, Epitacio S. 2007. Introduction to Sociology and Anthropology. Manila, Philippines: Rex
Bookstore.,Inc.
Schaeffer, Richard T. 2011. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
