AIR- 2, 4 , 6 , 9 (NEET)
Ashwani Tyagi AIR - 3, 4, 9 (AIIMS)
AIR - 10, 14 (JEE Adv.)
13+ yrs teaching experience
10+ ICHO selections, 100+ KVPY selections
Mentored 1 Lac+ students
States of Matter
Lecture 3
ASHWANI TYAGI
B.Tech - IIT Roorkee
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Example A 10L cylinder has helium at 8 atm and 320C. How many balloons of 2L each at 2
atm and 320C can be filled with the gas available from the cylinder.
Ideal Gases
Charles Law:
At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional
to the Kelvin temperature of absolute temperature
V ∝ T (P, n are constant)
V = kT
Charle’s - Gaylussac law
P1
P2
V V
P3
P 1 < P2 < P3
T T
Charle’s - Gaylussac law
log V
log K
log T
Ideal Gases
Gay Lussac’s Law
At constant volume, the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional
to the Kelvin temperature or absolute temperature.
P ∝ T (Volume, n are constant)
P = kT
Gaylussac law
V1
V2
V3
P
V4
V1 < V2 < V3 < V4
T
Ideal Gases
Avogadro’s Law
“Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal
number of moles or molecules”.
Ideal Gases
Avogadro’s Law
Ideal Gases
The Combined Gas Law
Boyle’s Law and Charles Law can be combined into a single relationship
called the combined Gas Law.
Boyle’s Law V ∝ 1/P T, n constant
Charle’s Law V∝T P, n constant
Therefore V ∝ T/P n constant
Ideal Gas Equation
Ideal Gas Equation
Value of R in different units
0.0821 Litre-atm K-1 mol-1 8.314 x 107 Erg K-1 mol-1
82.1 ml-atm K-1 mol-1 8.314 Joule K-1 mol-1
62.3 Litre-mm Hg K-1 mol-1 1.987 Cal K-1 mol-1
Ideal Gas Equation
(i) In terms of mass of ideal gases
Ideal Gas Equation
(ii) In terms of density of ideal gases
Ideal Gas Equation
(iii) For open vessels
Ideal Gas Equation
(iv) For closed vessels
Ideal Gas Equation
(v) For connected vessels
V V
VV V
1 2 2
11
1
n n1' n2’
n
1 2
P T P T
P T P T
1 2 1
1 2 2
1 1
Example An open container of volume V contains air at temperature 270 C or 300K.
the container is heated to such a temperature so that amount of gas coming
out is 2/3 of
a) Amount of gas initially present in the container
b) Amount of gas finally remaining in the container
Find the temperature to which the container should be heated.
Example Four 1 litre flasks are separately filled with gases O2, F2, CH4 and CO2 under
the same conditions. The ratio of number of molecules in these gases:
A. 2:2:4:3 B. 1:1:1:1 C. 1:2:3:4 D. 2:2:3:4
Example Some spherical balloon each of volume 2L are to be filled with hydrogen gas
at one atm & 270 C from a cylinder of volume V litres. The pressure of the H2
gas inside the cylinder is 20 atm at 1270 C. Find the number of balloons
which can be filled using this cylinder. Assume that temp. of the cylinder is
270C.
Example A weather balloon filled with hydrogen at 1 atm and 300 K has volume equal
to 12,000 litres. On ascending it reaches a place where temperature is 250K
and pressure is 0.5 atm. The volume of the balloon is:
A. 24,000 litres B. 20,000 litres C. 10,000 litres D. 12,000 litres
Example At what temperature the volume of 28 grams of N2 will be 1L exerting a
pressure of 1 atm?
Example On a ship sailing in pacific ocean where temperature is 23.40C, a balloon is filled
with 2L air. What will be the volume of the balloon when the ship reaches
Indian ocean, where temperature is 26.10C?
Example 0.1 g of carbon dioxide occupies a volume of 320cc at certain conditions. Under
similar conditions 0.2g of dioxide of element ‘X’ occupies 440cc. Calculate the
atomic wt. of ‘X’.
Example At STP, the volume of hydrogen is 22.72Lmol-1 . Calculate the volume occupied
by 10 grams of the same gas under similar conditions.
Example Certain amount of a gas at 250C and 76cm Hg occupies volume of 12.0L. What
will be the pressure at a height where temperature is 100C and volume is 12.8L?
Example A flask is of capacity of 1L. What volume of air will escape from the flask it is
heated from 270 C to 370 C? Assume pressure is constant.
Example 25.8 litre of a gas has a pressure of 690 torr and a temperature of 170 C.
what will be the volume if the pressure is changed to 1.85 atm and the
temperature to 345 K.
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