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EXPERIMENT NO. 1: Verification of the integrity of the junctions of a BJT transistor

I. OBJECTIVES

1. Verify the integrity of the junctions of a npn and pnp transistor by means of the use of
an ohmmeter

II. DISCUSSION

A three-phase electric power system is one in which three voltages A, B and C have equal
magnitudes and are displaced 120 electrical degrees from each other. But merely stating that
the three voltages are 120 degrees out of phase is not sufficient. The order in which the
voltages A, B and C succeed one another is called the phase sequence or the phase rotation
of the voltages. This sequence is determined at the power generating station by the direction
of rotation of the generators.
It is extremely important to know the phase sequence when connecting three phase
motors to the power line, as their direction of rotation depends upon phasing. The sequence,
and therefore, the rotation, may be changed by merely interchanging any two of the three
power lines. Consider, for example, the connecting of a 4000 hp motor which may take an
electrician two days of soldering and taping the three heavy leads. If the phase sequence is
not determined in advance, the motor has one chance in two of turning in the wrong direction.
However, the phase sequence can be found quickly by using two incandescent lamps and a
capacitor connected in wye as shown in Figure 2.1.
One of the lamps will be brighter than the other. The phase sequence is bright lam-dim
lamp-capacitor. Thus in Figure 3.1, if the lamp connected to phase B is the bright one, then
the phase sequence is BAC-BAC-BAC…..BACBAC. Note that the sequence BAC is the same
as ACB which is the same as CBA.

III. INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENTS

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

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IV. PROCEDURE

1. Inser the module DL3155M13 in the console and set the main switch to ON;
NPN TRANSISTOR
2. Connect the positive terminal of the multimeter or of an analog tester, set as ohmmeter (on
some multimeter the range is marked with the diode symbol), to the base of the transistor V1
and the negative one to the emitter: in this way the base-emitter junction is directly
polarized;
3. Write in tab 1.1 if the recorded resistance results low or high;
4. Invert the position of the ohmmeter terminals, so that the positive terminal is connected to
the emitter and the negative one is connected to the base;
5. Write in tab 1.1 if the recorded resistance results low or high;
6. Move the positive terminal of the ohmmeter on the base of the transistor V1 and the
negative one on the collector
7. Write in tab 1.1 if the recorded resistance results low or high;
8. Invert the position of the ohmmeter terminals, so that the positive terminal is connected to
the collector and the negative one is connected to the base;
9. Write in tab 1.1 if the recorded resistance results low or high;
10. Move the positive terminal of the ohmmeter on the collector of the transistor V1 and the
negative one on the emitter
11. Write in tab 1.1 if the recorded resistance results low or high;
12. Invert the position of the terminals, and write in tab 1.1 if the recorded resistance results low
or high;
13. Observe tab 1.1: it is necessary, because the transistor operates that:
13.1. The base-emitter junction provides a low resistance
13.2. The emitter-base junction provides a high resistance
13.3. The base-collector junction provides a low resistance
13.4. The collector-base junction provides a high resistance
13.5. The collector-emitter junction provides a infinite resistance
13.6. The emitter-collector junction provides a infinite resistance

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PNP TRANSISTOR
1. Repeat the previous operations also for the transistor V2 by setting the ohmmeter terminals
like in fig 1.3;
2. Write in tab 1.2 if the recorded resistance results low or high;
3. Observe tab 1.2: it is necessary, because the transistor operates that:
3.1. The base-emitter junction provides a high resistance
3.2. The emitter-base junction provides a low resistance
3.3. The base-collector junction provides a high resistance
3.4. The collector-base junction provides a low resistance
3.5. The collector-emitter junction provides a infinite resistance
3.6. The emitter-collector junction provides a infinite resistance

DATA AND RESULTS

Ohmmeter Terminals
Postive (+) Negative (-) Measured Value
Base (B) Emitter (E) 6.49MΩ
Emitter (E) Base (B) 0Ω
Base (B) Collector (C) 6.53MΩ
Collector (C) Base (B) 0Ω
Collector (C) Emitter (E) 0Ω
Emitter (E) Collector (C) 0Ω
Tab 1.1

Ohmmeter Terminals
Postive (+) Negative (-) Measured Value
Base (B) Emitter (E) 7.21MΩ
Emitter (E) Base (B) 0Ω
Base (B) Collector (C) 6.85MΩ
Collector (C) Base (B) 0Ω
Collector (C) Emitter (E) 0Ω
Emitter (E) Collector (C) 0Ω
Tab 1.2
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VII. PROBLEMS:

1. In the PNP transistor the base is the area

Answer: N

2. As ohmmeter reads a high resistance value when the base-collector junction of

Answer: Inversely polarized, because of inverse voltage in the resistance

VIII. CONCLUSION:

The PNP transistor is a bipolar junction transistor; In a PNP transistor, the first letter P indicates
the polarity of the voltage required for the emitter; the second letter N indicates the polarity of
the base. The working of PNP transistor is the exact opposite to the NPN transistor. In this type
of transistor, the majority charge carriers are holes. While in NPN transistor the majority charge
carriers are electrons

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De La Salle Lipa
1962, J.P Laurel, Mataas na Lupa, Lipa City
Department of Electrical Engineering

Experiment # 1
Verification of the integrity of the junctions of a BJT transistor

Custodio, Francis A. November 30, 2018

SCORE

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