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Lecture 6 Gravitational Central Force Motion Dynamics

This document summarizes the dynamics of gravitational central force motion. It derives the differential equation that describes the motion as r'' = -GM/r^2. It then solves this equation to show that the path of the orbiting object is a conic section defined by the eccentricity (e) and semilatus rectum (l). The type of conic section (ellipse, parabola, hyperbola) is determined by the value of the eccentricity. The document provides the initial conditions needed to define the specific conic orbit as (e, l, β0) where β0 is the angle of the perigee line.

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supriya supriya
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54 views3 pages

Lecture 6 Gravitational Central Force Motion Dynamics

This document summarizes the dynamics of gravitational central force motion. It derives the differential equation that describes the motion as r'' = -GM/r^2. It then solves this equation to show that the path of the orbiting object is a conic section defined by the eccentricity (e) and semilatus rectum (l). The type of conic section (ellipse, parabola, hyperbola) is determined by the value of the eccentricity. The document provides the initial conditions needed to define the specific conic orbit as (e, l, β0) where β0 is the angle of the perigee line.

Uploaded by

supriya supriya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 6 

Gravitational central force motion dynamics 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
GmM d 2r
F   2 uˆr  m 2
r dt
2
d r GM
 2   2 uˆr       (1)
dt r

Let r  ruˆr

d 2r d 2
 2  2 (ruˆr )
dt dt
2 
d r d  d
 2  [r uˆr  r uˆr ]  [r uˆr  r   uˆr ]
dt dt dt
d d
 [r uˆr  r uˆw  uˆr ]  [r uˆr  r uˆ  ]
dt dt

   ˆr  r uˆ  r uˆ  ruˆ
r uˆr  ru   here uˆ  w  uˆ  uˆ  uˆ  uˆr
r uˆ  ruˆ  ruˆ  ruˆ  (r
  r   
 uˆ )
r

r  r 2 )uˆr  (2r  r)uˆ


 (
1 d 2
r  r 2 )uˆr 
 ( (r  )uˆ
r dt
1 d 2 GM
r  r 2 )uˆr 
Thus ( (r  )uˆ   2 uˆr        (2)
r dt r
GM d 2
r  r 2   2    (3) and
  (r  )  0    (4)
r dt
 r 2  a const.
   
  
Note : h  r  v  ruˆr  (ruˆ  ru
 ˆr )  r 2uˆw
h  r 2
h
     (5)
r2
 
 
 
 
 
 
Now from (3) 
 
GM
r  r 2   2

r
2
h GM h2 GM
r r 2    2  r  3   2
 
r  r r r
1 dr dr du d
Putting r  r  
u dt du d dt
1 h u
  2 u 2   2  u 2 h  
u r u
  hu 
d d d h
r
  hu   hu   h u 2  h2u 2u
dt d dt r
also r 2    u 2 h   u 3 h 2
1 2

u
 
 
 
Putting these values in eq. (3) 
 
 
 h 2u 2u   u 3 h 2  GMu 2
GM
h 2 (u   u )  GM  u   u    (6)
h2
 u  complementary function  Particular integral
GM
 C1 cos (   0 )  2
h

1 GM
  C1 cos (   0 )  2    (7)
r h
2 2
h Ch
 r  1  1 cos(   0 )
GM GM
2
h
Putting l 
GM
C1h 2
and C1l  e
GM
l
 1  C1 l cos (   0 )
r
l
  1  e cos (   0 )  1  e cos
r  

 
h2 C h2
This represents general conic path  l  =semi‐latus rectum,  e  1 =eccentricity 
GM GM
 
 = angle made by the radius vector with the perigee line, where        0  
Thus, this gives three initial conditions i.e.  (h, c1 ,  0 ) or (e, l ,  0 )  
 
e  eccentricity 
l   semi latus rectum 
 0   reference line location angle 
If        e  1   hyperbola 
           e  1   parabola 
           e  1   ellipse 
           e  0  circle 
           e   a pair of straight lines 
 
 In the limiting case  e  1  includes cases of rectilinear ellipse, parabola and hyperbola. 
 
 

 
 
 
 

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