Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University

Name & ID: _______________________________ Section: _________________

Lab#04 Frequency Modulation/Demodulation

Objective
The objective of this lab is to study frequency modulation/Demodulation and design its models on
Simulink.

In-Lab:

Task 1: Implement the Simulink model for frequency modulation/Demodulation using built-in
blocks.

Task 2: Implement the Simulink model for FM modulator without using built-in blocks.

Task 3: Design and simulation of a PLL-based FM demodulator

Introduction

Angle Modulation

Phase Modulation, and Frequency Modulation are both the modulation techniques analyzed in
angle modulation. In this experiment, we will examine the most common modulation scheme used
in daily life, namely, the Frequency Modulation, or FM.

Frequency Modulation

The angle modulated signal described in time domain:

s(t)=Ac Cos[2πfct + θ(t)]=Re{A exp(jϕ(t)} where Ac is the amplitude, then

The instantaneous phase is:
ϕi=2πfct+θ(t)
The instantaneous frequency of the modulated signal is:
1 𝑑 𝑑[𝜃(𝑡)}
fi(t)=2𝜋 𝑑𝑡[2πfct+θ(t)] where 𝑑𝑡
is called phase deviation.

The phase deviation of the carrier ϕ(t)is related to the baseband message m(t). Then,
𝑑[𝜃(𝑡)}
𝑑𝑡
=Kf m(t)

Kf: frequency deviation constant

𝑡
ϕ(t)=Kf ∫−∞ 𝑚(λ)𝑑λ

Finally, the frequency modulated signal is expressed as in time domain:

𝑡
s(t)=Ac cos[2πfct+ Kf ∫−∞ 𝑚(λ)𝑑λ]
𝑡 𝐾𝑓
s(t)=Ac cos[2π∫−∞(𝑓𝑐 + 2𝜋 𝑚(λ)𝑑λ]

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Analog and Digital Communication Lab (EE-322L)
Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University

Carson’s rule is used to determine the bandwidth of the FM wave. According to the
Carson’s rule, the bandwidth is given by:

Bt=2W(1+D), where W is the bandwidth of the information signal, and D is the

frequency deviation which is defined as for FM:
𝐾𝑓
D=2𝜋𝑊 max|m(t)|

Frequency Demodulation

PLL Demodulation

The PLL demodulates the FM signal using feedback force a Voltage-Controlled-Oscillator

(VCO) to remain in phase with the carrier of the incoming signal. The message is recovered
as the control input of the VCO. In the simulation experiment (task 3), we used the VCO
to demodulate the information signal to make life easier.

In- Lab Task:

Task 1: Implement the Simulink model for frequency modulation/Demodulation

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Analog and Digital Communication Lab (EE-322L)
Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University

Complete the Table 1 with proper axes labels and Units.

Table 1
Waveform (Time-domain)

Message Signal

FM Signal

Demodulated Signal

Task 2: Implement the Simulink model for frequency modulation without using built-in
blocks. (Hint: using Sine wave, constant, Discrete time integrator and Trigonometric function.

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Analog and Digital Communication Lab (EE-322L)
Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University

Waveform (Time-domain)

Message Signal

FM Signal

Task 3: Design and simulation of a PLL-based FM demodulator

Waveform (Time-domain)

Input Signal

Demodulated Signal

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Analog and Digital Communication Lab (EE-322L)
Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University

Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University Karachi

Analog and Digital Communication
Lab # 04

Name & ID: __________________________ Section: _________________________

Lab #04 Marks distribution:

LR2=20 LR3=20 LR4=30 LR5=20 LR8=10

Task 1 10 points 10 points
In-Lab Task 2 10 points 10 points 10 points
Task 3 10 points 10 points 10 points 10 points 10 points
Total
Marks 100 points

Lab #04 Marks obtained:

LR2=20 LR3=20 LR4=30 LR5=20 LR8=10

Task 1
In-Lab Task 2
Task 3
Total
Marks

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Analog and Digital Communication Lab (EE-322L)
 Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University

Lab Evaluation Assessment Rubric

#
Assessment Elements (0<Level 1<=4) (4< Level 2<=6) (6< Level 3<=8) (8< Level 4<=10)

Components are wired Components are wired Few but not all Complete components
and didn’t show neat with untidy connection Components are wired are wired with neat and
Neat and Clean Circuit and clean connections and didn’t show neat with neat and clean clean tight connections
LR1
layout and minimal efforts and clean connections connections and task completed in
shown due time

Program/code/simulation Program/code/simulation Program/code/simulation Program/code/simulation

model/network model is model/network model model/network model is model/network model is
not well-documented (i.e. with some well-documented (i.e. well-documented (with
(i.e. with no comments comments but has with comments and comments and proper
Program/code/simulation
LR2 and proper variable improper variable names proper variable names) variable names) and
model/network model
names) and not or vice versa) and is but not implemented task efficiently
efficiently implemented implemented by efficiently implemented in due time
and minimal efforts computationally complex
shown routine

Unable to identify the Able to identify the fault Able to identify the fault Able to identify the fault
fault/minimal effort but unable to remove it but partially removes it and able to make
LR3 Troubleshooting
shown necessary steps and
actions to correct it

Measurements are Measurements are Measurements are Measurements are both

incomplete, inaccurate somewhat inaccurate and mostly accurate. accurate and precise.
and imprecise. very imprecise. Observations are Observations are very
Observations are Observations are generally complete. thorough. Includes
LR4 Data Collection incomplete or not incomplete or recorded in Minor errors using appropriate symbols,
included. Symbols, units a confusing way. Major symbols, units and units and significant
and significant figures errors using symbols, significant digits digits and task
are not included units and significant completed in due time
digits

Figures, graphs, tables Most figures, graphs, All figures, graphs, All figures, graphs,
contain errors or are tables OK, some still tables are correctly tables are correctly
poorly constructed, have missing some important drawn, but some have drawn and contain
LR5 Results & Plots
missing titles, captions, or required features minor problems or could titles/captions
units missing or still be improved
incorrect, etc.

All equipment/PC is not Many equipment/PC is Some equipment/PC is All equipment/PC is

Clean-up powered off. not powered off. not powered off. powered off.
LR6
All items left at station Many items left at Some items left at Station left neat and
and not cleaned station station clean

Response shows a Response shows some Response shows Response shows

complete lack of understanding of substantial complete understanding
LR7 Viva
understanding of subjected task understanding of of subjected task
subjected task subjected task

No participation towards Slight participation Substantial participation Outstanding

LR8 Contribution the group tasks towards the group tasks towards the group tasks participation towards the
group tasks

No summary provided. Couldn’t provide good Good summary of In-lab Outstanding Summary of
The number/amount of summary of in-lab tasks. tasks. All major tasks In-Lab tasks. All task
tasks completed below Some major tasks were completed except few completed and explained
the level of satisfaction completed but not minor ones. The work is well, submitted on time,
LR9 Report and/or submitted late explained well. supported by some good presentation of
Submission on time. decent explanations, plots and figure with
Some major plots and Submission on time, All proper label, titles and
figures provided necessary plots, and captions
figures provided

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Analog and Digital Communication Lab (EE-322L)