CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS

S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C

Humidification & Saturation

Formulae for Humidification & Saturation problem:

Humidity (H)

 PA   M A 
H   
 Pt  PA   M B 

H- Humidity (kg of Water vapor/kg of dry air)

PA- Partial Pressure

Pt- Total pressure

MA-Molecular weight of water vapor (18kg/kmole)

MB- Molecular weight of dry air (29kg/kmole)

 PA   18 
H    
 Pt  PA   29 

Molal Humidity (HM):

 PA 
Hm   
 Pt  PA 

Hm- Molar humidity (kmoles of Water vapor/kmoles of dry air)

Saturated Humidity(Hs)

 PA'   M A 
 Hs   '  
 Pt  PA   M B 

Hs- Saturated Humidity (kg of Water vapor/kg of dry air)

P’A- Vapor Pressure

Pt- Total pressure

MA-Molecular weight of water vapor (18kg/kmole)

MB- Molecular weight of dry air (29kg/kmole)

 PA'   18 
Hs   '  
 Pt  PA   29 

Molar saturated humidity (HMS):

Page 1 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C

 PA' 
H ms   ' 
 Pt  PA 

Hms- Saturated Humidity (kmoles of Water vapor/kmoles of dry air)

Percentage Humidity (HP):

H  H 
H p   m  100 Or Hp   100
 H ms  Hs 

Relative Humidity (HR)

P 
H R   A'  100
 PA 

Humid Heat (Cs):


C s  C p air  c p H O vapor H 
2

kJ
C s  Heat capacity of air and water mixture
K kg dry air 
Cp- Heat capacity of air = 1 kJ/K.kg

kJ
C P H 2O vapour  Heat Capacity of water vapour  1.88
K kg

kJ
C P air  Heat Capacity of air  1
K kg

C s  1  1.88H 

^ m3
Humid Volume(v)
kg dry air

  
v  2.83 10 3 TK   4.56 10 3 H  
^

Partial pressure (PA)

p A  Pt Mole fraction

At Dew point: (or at saturated condition) PA  PA'

Page 2 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C

4.1. Solution:
Required:

Weight of benzene
 Humidity(H )
Weight of dry air

Humidity (H)

 PA   M A 
H   
 Pt  PA   M B 

A- Benzene , B- Dry air

At Dew point: PA  PA'

 PA  PA'  60mm Hg

Molecular weight of Benzene MA=[12][6]+6=78

 PA   M A   60   78 
H     
 Pt  PA   M B   760  60   29 

kg of benzene
 0.2305
kg of dry air

4.2.Solution:
Required: Relative saturation HR, Percentage saturation HP,

Relative Humidity (HR)

P 
H R   A'  100
 PA 

 N
p A'  0.24310 5 given
m2

Partial pressure PA=?

Ideal gas mole%=Volume %

Page 3 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C

mole fraction of acetone  0.148

PA  PT Mole fraction

 
PA  0.9510 5 0.148

N
 14060
m2

P 
H R   A'  100
 PA 

 14060 
HR   100
 24300 

 57.86%

Percentage Humidity (HP):

H 
H p   m  100
 H ms 

Molal Humidity (HM):

 PA   14060 
Hm    
 Pt  PA   95000  14060 

kmoles of acetone
 0.1737
kmoles of N 2

Molar saturated humidity (HMS):

 PA'   24300 
H ms   ' 
 
 Pt  PA   95000  24300 

kmoles of acetone
 0.3437
kmoles of N 2

H   0.1737 
H p   m  100    100
 H ms   0.3437 

Page 4 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C

 5054%

4.3.Solution:
Required: 1.Humidity 2. Relative humidity

Humidity (H)

 PA   M A  M A 
H    or  H m   
 Pt  PA   M B  M B 
Percentage Humidity (HP)=70%

H 
H p   m  100  70
 H ms 

Molar saturated humidity (HMS):

 PA'   290 
H ms  ' 
   0.3816
 Pt  PA  1050  290 

kmoles of acetone
 0.3816
kmoles of N 2

H   Hm 
H p   m  100  70    100
 H ms   0.3816 

kmoles of acetone
H m  0.2671
kmoles of O 2

Humidity (H)

M   58 
H  H m   A   0.2671 
M B   32 

kg of acetone
 0.4841
kg of O 2

Relative Humidity (HR)

P  P 
H R   A'  100   A 100
 PA   290 

PA=?

Molal Humidity (HM):

Page 5 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C

 PA   PA 
Hm      0.2671
 Pt  PA  1050  PA 

PA  221.4mm Hg

 221.4 
HR   100  76.34%
 290 

4.4.Solution:
Required: i. Relative Humidity (HR),ii. Percentage Humidity (HP)
Relative Humidity (HR)

P  P 
H R   A'  100   A 100
 PA  119 

Ideal gas mole%=Volume %

mole fraction of ethyl acetate  0.12

PA  PT Mole fraction

PA  7400.12

 88.8mm Hg

P   88.8 
H R   A 100   100
119   119 

 74.62%

Percentage Humidity (HP):

H 
H p   m  100
 H ms 

Molal Humidity (HM):

 PA   88.8 
Hm    
 Pt  PA   740  88.8 

kmoles of E.A
 0.1364
kmoles of He.

Molar saturated humidity (HMS):

Page 6 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C

 PA'   119 
H ms  ' 
 
 Pt  PA   740  119 

kmoles of E.A
 0.1916
kmoles of He

H   0.1364 
H p   m  100    100
 H ms   0.1916 

 71.19%

4.5.Solution:
Required:

i. The molal absolute humidity(HM) ii.The absolute humidity(H) ii.The relative humidity (HR)
iv.The percentage humidity (HP) v. Humid volume vi. Humid heat
Given
Pt=100kPa
DBT=29°C, DP =18°C
P’A=2.0624 kPa at 18°C
P’A=4.004 kPa at 29°C

Molal Humidity (HM):

 PA 
Hm   
 Pt  PA 

At Dew point: PA  PA'

PA  2.0624 kPa

 PA  2.0627
Hm   
 Pt  PA  100  2.0627

moles of water vapor

 0.0211
Moles of dry air

Humidity (H)

 PA   M A  M A 
H     H m  
 Pt  PA   M B  M B 

Page 7 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C

 18 
 0.0211 
 29 

kg of water vapor
 0.0131
kg of dry air

The percentage humidity (HP)

H 
H p   m  100
 H ms 

Molar saturated humidity (HMS):

 PA'   4.004 
 H ms  ' 
 
 Pt  PA  100  4.004 

kmoles of water vapor

 0.0417
kmoles of dryari

H   0.0211 
 H p   m  100   100
 H ms   0.0417 

 50.60%

Relative Humidity (HR)

P 
H R   A'  100
 PA 

 2.0624 
 100
 4.004 

 51.51%

Humid Heat (Cs):

 
C s  C p air  c p H O vapor H 
2

kJ
C s  Heat capacity of air and water mixture
K kg dry air 
C s  1  1.88H   1  1.880.0131

 kJ 
 1.0246 
 K kg dry air 

   
v  2.83 10 3 TK   4.56 10 3 H 
^

Page 8 of 14
 CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C

     m3 
 2.8310 3 302  4.5610 3 0.0131  0.8547 
 kg dry air 

4.6.Solution:

Percentage Humidity (HP):

H 
Hp   100
Hs 
 0.018 
 100
 0.051 
 35.29%

Molal Humidity (HM):

 PA   29 
Hm     or  H  
 Pt  PA   18 

 29   29 
 H    0.018 
 18   18 

kmoles of water vapor

 0.029
kmoles of dry air
---------------------------------------------------------------------

4.7.Solution:
Required: 1.Humidity (H) 2. Humid volume
Given data: DBT=50°C, WBT=30°C, HP=60%

Page 9 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C
H 
Hp   100  60
Hs 

 H 
 0.084  100  60
 

kg of water vapor
H  0.0504
kg of water

   
v  2.83 10 3 TK   4.56 10 3 H 
^

   
 2.8310 3 323  4.5610 3 0.0504

 m3 
 0.9143 
 kg dry air 

4.8.Solution:
i.Molal Humidity (HM) of Entering air:

 PA 
Hm   
 Pt  PA 

T=20°C , Pt=750 mm Hg , P’A=17.5 mm Hg, HR=80%

PA=?

Relative Humidity (HR)

P 
H R   A'  100  80
 PA 

P 
80   A 100
17.5 

p A  14 mm Hg
 PA   14 
Hm    
 Pt  PA   750  14 

kmoles of water vapor

 0.019
kmoles of dry air

ii.

Page 10 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C

At Dew point: PA  PA'

 PA  9.2mm Hg

ii. Molal Humidity (HM) of Entering air:

 PA   9.2 
Hm    
 Pt  PA  1810  902 

kmoles of water vapor

H m  0.00511
kmoles of dry air

Enteringvolume of wet air (given) =100m3

Entering moles of wet air=?

using ideal gas law PV =nRT

P=0.9868 atm, T =293K ,

R  0.0821
atmm3 
K kmole
PV 0.9868100
n   4.107kmoles
RT 0.0821293

Page 11 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C

Dry air balance:

4.1070.981  4.107  x0.995

x  0.056kmoles

iii.Mass of water condensed out:

Weight  x MWT   0.05618

 1.01kg

iv. Final Volume:

T=10°C (283K), P=1810mm Hg (2.382atm), n=4.051kmole

nRT 4.0510.0821283
V    39.48m 3
P 2.382

4.9.Solution:

Saturated gas

PA  PA'  75 mm Hg

Molal Humidity (HM) of entering gas:

 PA   75 
Hm    
 Pt  PA   750  75 

Page 12 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C
kmoles of benzene
H m  0.111
kmoles of inert gases

Molal Humidity (HM) of outlet gas:

 PA   75 
Hm    
 Pt  PA   3750  75 

kmoles of benzene
H m  0.0204
kmoles of inert gases

Entering gas Outlet gas

Take 1 kg of inert gas Take 1 kg of inert gas
No. of No. of
moles Mole % moles Mole %
Inert Inert
gas 1 90.0 gas 1 90.0
benzene 0.111 10.0 benzene 0.0204 1.8
Total 1.111 100.0 Total 1.0204 91.8
Entering moles of gas=? Using ideal gas law PV =nRT

P=0.9869 atm, T =293K ,

R  0.0821
atmm3 
K kmole
PV 0.98681000
n   41.07kmoles
RT 0.0821293

Material balance for inert gas:

41.070.9  41.07  x0.98

x  3.35kmoles

iii.Mass of C6H6 condensed out:

Page 13 of 14
CH2254- Chemical Process Calculations Unit-IV PROBLEM SHEET- 4-SOLUTIONS
S.Mangaleswari, A.P, A.A.M.E.C
Weight  x MWT   3.35678
 261.3kg

4.10. Solution:

Dry solid balance:

F- Feed flow rate of wet material

F 0.84  100099.5  F  1185 kg

hr

kg
 water removed  1185  1000  185
hr

From humidity, 1kg of dry air removes  0.09 - 0.02  0.07 of water

Dry air needed to remove 185 kg of water is

185
  2643 kg of dry air
0.07

2643
No.of moles of dry air needed   91.14kmoles
29

No.of moles of water in dry air needed 

26430.02  2.937kmoles
18

Total moles of entering hot air  91.14  2.937  94.08kmole s

Using ideal gas PV=nRT

nRT 94.080.0821301
V  
P 1

Volume of hot air  2325m 3

Page 14 of 14