Osi PDF
Osi PDF
REFERENCE MODEL
The International Standards Organization (ISO) developed the
OSI model in 1983. This model connects systems that are
open to communicate with each other regardless of the
protocols that each system uses.
The data link layer receives the data from the network layer,
packages it into frames, and then sends it bit-by-bit on to the
physical layer.
The data link layer ensures that the data transmitted along the
physical medium is error free. In other words, the data link layer
does error detection and data framing.
To make the data error free, the data link layer breaks the data
into frames. The frames are then transmitted sequentially from
the sender system.
The data link layer on the receiver system acknowledges the
frame that has successfully arrived.
Adds a header to the frame if the frame is to be sent to
another computer on the same network.
What is frame?
A frame is a unit of data that can be transmitted across
networks. The structure and the size of each frame depend on
the hard ware protocols, for example Ethernet, token ring or
FDDI
NETWORK LAYER
This layer is responsible for the delivery of data from the
source to the destination computer.
Simplex
Half-Duplex
Full-Duplex
SIMPLEX
HALF-DUPLEX
FULL-DUPLEX
PRESENTATION LAYER
The presentation layer specifies how the information is
presented to the application layer and is concerned with the
syntax of the transferred data. Not every computer uses the
same data- encoding scheme. The presentation layer encodes
the data in a standard format to solve this problem.