COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus

Lab Manual 1
“Introduction to MS SQL Server , DML and DDL”

Database Systems
Fall 2019

Department of Computer Science

CUI, Lahore, Pakistan
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Table of Contents
1. Objective 2
2. Task Distribution 2
3. Getting Started with Microsoft SQL server 3
Step 1: Open SQL server management Studio 3
Step 2: Connect to Server 3
Step 3: Create your own Database 4
>>If you want to delete your database write the following query and Execute, make sure that the
command is executed successfully. 5
You can also create new database by Left click on Database from object Explorer and select new
Database, give it a name and press ok (as shown in following figures). 6
Step 4: View and use you database 7
4. Data Definition Language: 7
Step 1: Create table: 8
Step 2: Altering table Schema 8
Adding new column to existing table 8
Drop existing Column from existing table 8
Step 3: Add Foreign key Constraint. 9
One way to create FK is to add it whilst creating table using the following syntax 9
Other way is to add FK constraint after creating the table, by using ALTER query, 9
Step 4: Add foreign key constraint to tables 10
Add FK whilst creating table. 10
FK can also be added after the referencing and referred tables have been created. 11
5. Data Modification Language 11
Step 1: Insert rows into table 11
Step 2: To see the data from you table use the following table 12
Step 3: Delete rows from the table 12
Step 4: Delete all the data from the table 12
Exercise 14
Appendix 15
Comments is SQL 15
Data Types 15
Where Conditions 17

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1. Objective
The purpose of this lab is to introduce students to Microsoft SQL server environment and getting started
with Data definition queries and Data modification queries.

2. Prerequisites
You should know the concepts of Primary key, foreign key and how to identify these constraints from the
given schema. You have to read the manual before coming to lab.

3. Task Distribution

Total Time 180 Minutes

Introduction to MSSQL 20 Minutes
DDL 30 Minutes
DML 30 Minutes
Exercise 60 Minutes
Evaluation 40 Min

4.

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Getting Started with Microsoft SQL server

In this section you will learn how to create open SQL server, connect with the database server, and create
your new database (through design view and query as well).

Step 1: Open SQL server management Studio

Go to Start Menu and search for SQL Server Management Studio, open it

Step 2: Connect to Server

One the left side you have object Explorer which you will use to explore all your databases and any object
you create such as tables, on right there is Dynamic Help.
In the middle you can see Connect to server dialogue box.
Select SQL Server Authentication from Authentication Drop down
Ask for login and password from your lab instructor and press Connect
(refer to following figure)

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Step 3: Create your own Database

There are two ways to create a new data base
 Through Query

>>Click on New Query, a new blank page will open (as shown in following figure)

>>Write the following query on this page

create database <nameofyouDatabase>
>>Hit Execute button shown on top, Command completed successfully shows that you database has been
created. (As shown in following figure)

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>>If you want to delete your database write the following query and Execute, make sure that the
command is executed successfully.

drop database <DatabaseName>

You can also create new database by Left click on Database from object Explorer and select new
Database, give it a name and press ok (as shown in following figures).

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Step 4: View and use you database

If you expand the Database from object explorer, you can see all of the databases that exist of the server,
including the newly created ones (as shown in following figure).

To use your database, make sure to select your database from drop down menu (as shown in following
figure).

Or you can use the following query to use your database.

Use <databaseName>

5. Data Definition Language:

Also called DDL includes creating objects such as tables, adding constraints of tables, such as FK PK
unique constraints, in this section you will learn how to create tables and add PK, FK constraints using
Queries.

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Step 1: Create table:

Following is the syntax of table creating query

create table [tablename]

(
[Column1Name] datatype null/Not null,
[Column2Name] datatype null/not null,
[Column2Name] datatype null/not null
)
*null is default

Create the table Students using the query as shown in following figure, Execute, make sure the
message shows that the command is successful.
Go to object explorer and find you table.

Step 2: Altering table Schema

Adding new column to existing table
alter table <TableName> add <NewColumn> <Datatype>
Try this query
alter table Students add Address varchar(50)

Drop existing Column from existing table

alter table <TableName> drop column <ColumnName>
Try this query
alter table Students drop column [Address]

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Step 3: Add Primary key Constraint.

One way to create FK is to add it whilst creating table using the following syntax
create table [tablename]
(
Try the following query, see in
[Column1Name] datatype primary key,
[Column2Name] datatype, object explorer
[Column2Name] datatype
)
OR if there is composite key
create table [tablename]
(
[Column1Name] datatype,
[Column2Name] datatype, Primary key should be not null
[Column2Name] datatype,
Primary key ([Column1Name], [Column2Name])
)

Try the following query, see in object

explorer

Other way is to add FK constraint after creating the table, by using ALTER query,
alter table [tableName] add constraint [keyContraintName] Primary key
(Column1, column2, column3)

Try the following, PK columns should be not null

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How to see the schema of your table

Try this to see the schema of your table

sp_help <tableName>

This will give you information about colums, their datatype and all the
constraints on the table.

Step 4: Add foreign key constraint to tables

Before creating FK constraint Make sure that the referred table and its referred columns are created.
Add FK whilst creating table.
Use the following syntax as given.

create table [tablename]

(
[Column1Name] datatype Null/Not Null,
[Column2Name] datatype Null/Not Null,
[ReferencingColumn] datatype Null/Not Null
FOREIGN KEY REFERNCES referedtable(referedColum)
ON DELETE NO ACTION/CASCADE/SET NULL/SET DEFAULT
ON UPDATE NO ACTION/CASCADE/SET NULL/SET DEFAULT
)
*no action is default

Try the following, and see in object explorer.

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FK can also be added after the referencing and referred tables have been created.
Try the following and see in object explorer

6. Data Modification Language

Step 1: Insert rows into table
Syntax
-- let there be N columns in a table
INSERT INTO <tableName>
values
(Column1Value,Column2Value, Column3Value,….,ColumnNValue), --row 1
(Column1Value,Column2Value, Column3Value,….,ColumnNValue), --row2
(Column1Value,Column2Value, Column3Value,….,ColumnNValue) –row 3

Or
INSERT INTO <tableName> (ColumnX,ColumnY) -- List of Columns
values
(ColumnXValue,ColumnYValue), --Row 1 list of Corrrespong column values
(ColumnXValue,ColumnYValue), --Row 2
(ColumnXValue,ColumnYValue) –Row 3

Try the following

Try the following

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Step 2: To see the data from you table use the following table
Select * from tableName

Try the following and see the results

Step 3: Delete rows from the table

Delete from <tableName>
Where <conditions>

Try the following and see the message and data in table using select query

Step 4: Delete all the data from the table

Delete from <tableName> --as there is no
where condition all rows will be deleted
Or
Truncate table <tableName>

Try these two commands after adding some rows to the table and see the
results.

Step 5: Updating the rows

Update tableName
set ColumnA=<NewValue>,
ColumnB=<NewValue>,
where <Conditions>

See the data in table before and after trying the following query

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Exercise
Will be given in lab

Appendix
Comments is SQL
Comments in SQL server start with two dashes as shown below, in green color

Data Types

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Where Conditions
Or
And
Not
In

Sub queries

In
All
Any
Some
Exists

How to see all the tables in your database:

SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;
Or
select * from sys.tables;
or
SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype='U';

How to see details of certain table

sp_help tableName

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