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GS-2014-X (PHYSICS)
Section A
Q1. The directed beam from a small but powerful searchlight placed on the ground
tracks a small plane flying horizontally at a fixed height h above the ground with
a uniform velocity v , as shown in the figure below.

If the searchlight starts rotating with an instantaneous angular velocity ω0 at

time t = 0when the plane was directly overhead, then at a later time t , its
instantaneous angular velocity t (t ) is given by
t0
(a) tt
0 exp( − 0 t ) (b)
1 + tan t0t
t0 t0
(c) (d)
1 + t02t 2 1 − tt
1 22
0 + 0t
2
ht 0t
Ans. (C) sin n =
h 1 + t 02t 2
ht 0t
tan n = = t 0t
h
h
cos θ =
h 1 + t 02t 2
Angular Velocity
dθ
t=
dt
h 1
cos θ = =
h ttt +h
2 2 2
0 1 + 02t 2
2

dn −1
− sin n
dt
=
2
1 + ttt
0t (
2 2 −1/2
) (
2 02t / 1 + 02t 2 )( )

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dn
sin n = (1 ( tt
2 2 −3/2 2
0t ) 0t
dt
t 0t dθ
0 t (1 ( 0t )
2 2 −3/2
= tt2

(1 ( t 0 t ) dt
2 2 1/2

dθ t0
t= =
dt (1 + t02t 2 )
Option (c) is correct answer
2nd Method

At t = 0 assume just circular motion

v = hω0
vt
At time t tan n = = t0 t
h
dθ v t 0 h
By differentiating sec 2 θ = =
dt h h
dn tt
= 0
= 0

dt sec n 1 + tan 2 n
2

dθ t0
=
dt 1 + to2t 2
dθ to
= t (t ) =
dt 1 + t02t 2
Q2. The Conservation Principles for energy, linear momentum and angular
momentum arise from the necessity that
(a) the laws of physics should not involve infinite quantities.
(b) internal forces on a body should cancel out, by Newton’s (third) law of
action and reaction
(c) physical measurements should be independent of the origin and
orientation of the coordinate system.

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(d) the laws of physics should be independent of the state of rest or motion of
the observer.

Ans. (c) Option :

(a) The law of physics should not involve infinite quantities
This is wrong option
Because law of physics have infinite quanlities like → distance
It have rang (0 → ∞)
(b) Newton’s “action –reaction” follow when we are applied external force not internal
force
So , wrong opton
(c) This is correct options
Because according to Einsteins’s special theory of relativity
“The law of physics invariant in all intertial frame”.
So because of this
Physical measurement should be independent of the origin and orientation of the
coordinate system.
(d) This is wrong statement
Because due to motion of observer the velocity are relative, length → contracted
and in rest frame velocity & length is proper.
Q3. A uniform ladder of length 2L and mass m leans against a wall in a vertical plane
at an angle θ to the horizontal. The floor is rough, having a coefficient of static
friction µ . A person of mass M stands on the ladder at a distance D from its base
(see figure). If the wall is frictionless, the maximum distance (D max ) up the
ladder that the person can reach before the ladder slips is

 m    m  m
(a) 2 µ L 1 +  tan n (b) 2 µ 1 +  tan n −  L
 M    M  M
m
(c) µ L tan n (d) 2 µ L tan n
M

Ans. (b) Now,

Given that
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M → mass of person
m → mass of ladder
2L → length of ladder
 force = f = µ N1 (friction free)
N1 = (mg ( Mg ) ⇒ N1 (m ( M ) g
 N 2 = µ N1 = µ (m ( M ) g
Now,
Torque at point A
τ = perpendicular distance × Force
Then
Mg ( D cos n ) ( mg ( L cos n ) = N 2 (2 L sin n )
Put the value of N 2
Mg ( D cos θθ) ( mg ( L cos ) = µ (m ( M ) g (2 L cos θ )
Mg ( D cos n ) = µ (m ( M ) g (2 L sin n ) − mg ( L cos n )
µ ( m ( M ) g (2 L sin n ) − mg ( L cos n )
D=
Mg cos n
µ ( m ( M ) g (2 L sin n ) −mgL cos n
D=
Mg cos n Mg cos n
m+M  m
D = µ  2 L tan n − L
 M  M
m  m
D = µ  + 1 2 L tan n − L
M  M
 m  m
Dmax =  2 µ  + 1 tan n −  L
 M  M
Q4. The product MN of two Hermitian matrices M and N is anti-Hermitian. It follows
that
(a) {M , N } = 0 (b) {M , N1} = 0
(c) M † = N (d) M † = N −1

Ans.(a) Given M & N matrices are Hermitian

I.e. M + = M , & N + = N
According to question
( MN ) ( = − MN (Product of two Hermition Matrics is anti hermitian)
N + M + = − MN
NM = − MN
NM + MN = 0
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{M , N } = 0 (Additive property)
Option (a) is correct answer
Q5. A student is asked to find a series approximation for the function f ( x) in the
Domain −1 ≤ x ≤ +1 , as indicated by the thick line in the figure below

The student represents the function by a sum of three terms

πx πx
f ( x) ≈ a0 ((
a1 cos a2 sin Which of the following would be the best choices
2 2
for the coefficients a0 , a1 and a2 ?
1 2 2
(a) a0 = 1, a1 = − , a2 = 0 (b) a0 = , a1 = − , a2 = 0
3 3 3
2 2 1
(c) a0 = , a1 = 0, a2 = − (d) a0 = − , a1 = 0, a2 = −1
3 3 3

πx  π x
Ans. (b) f ( x) = a0 (( a2 sin 
 2 
a1 cos
2
At point A
At x = 0
F(x) =0
From eqn (1)
0 = a0 ((
a1 cos(0) a2 sin(0)
a0 = − a1 …(2)
At point B ( x = −1)
2
f ( x) =
3
2 π  π 
= a0 ( a1 cos  (−1)  ( a2 sin  (−1) 
3 2  2 
2
= a0 + 0 − a2
3
2
= a0 − a2 …(3)
3
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2
At point c ( x = 1) f ( x) =
3
2 π  π 
= a0 ((
a1 cos  (1)  a2 sin  (1) 
3 2  2 
2
= a0 + a2 …(4)
3
From eqn (3) & (4)
2
= a0 + a2
3
2
= a0 − a2
3
4
= 2a0
3
2
a0 =
3
−2
Then a1 =
3
2
And a2 = − a0 a2 = 0
3
Option (b)
IInd method
From options
(a) a0 = −1, a1 = −1/ 3, a2 = 0
π π
f ( x) = a0 ((
a1 cos x a2 sin x
2 2
At point A
x=0
f ( x) = a0 ( a2
2
f ( x) = −1 ( 0 ≠ wrong
3
2 2
(b) a0 = , a1 = − , a2 = 0 (at n = 0)
3 3
f ( x) = a0 ( a2
2 2
f ( x) = ( 0 = correct
3 3

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(c) At x = 1 at c point f ( x) = a0 ( a2
2 2
f ( x) = (0=
3 3
Option (b) is correct answer
At x = −1 , at B point
f ( x) = a0 − a2
2
f ( x) =
3
Option (c)
2 −2
a0 = , a1 = 0, a2 =
3 3
At x= 0, (pointA)
f ( x) = a0 ( a2
f ( x) = 0 wrong
−1
(d) a0 = , a1 = 0, a2 = −1
3
At x = 0
f(x) = a0 + a2
−1 −4 2
f ( x) = −1 = ≠
3 3 3
Q6. The probability function for a variable x which assumes only positive values is
 x
f ( x) = x exp  −  Where λ = 0 . The ratio x / xˆ , where x̂ is the most probable
 λ
value and x is the mean value of the variable x , is
1+ λ 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 1
1− λ λ

Ans. (a) Probability funn

 *x
f ( x) = x exp   = ψ *ψ
 λ
(i) Most probable
x = xˆ
df ( x)  − x   −1  −x
= 0 = x exp     ( exp  
dx  λ  λ   λ
 −x  −x 
exp    + 1 = 0
 λ  λ 
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x̂ = λ
(ii) Mean /Average value

∫
all space
ψ * xψ ⋅ dx

< x >= ∫
all space
ψ *ψ ⋅ dx
+∞
 x
∫x exp  −  ⋅ dx
2

 λ
< x >= −∞
+∞
 x
∫−∞ x exp  − λ  ⋅ dx
1 q +1 1
1+1
< x >= 1 12+14 / 1 2
1 1
   
λ λ
1 2!λ 3
< x >=
1 λ2
< x >= 2λ
< x > 2λ
= =2
xˆ λ
<x>
=2 Option (a)
xˆ
Q7. A solid spherical conductor has a conical hole made at one end, ending in a point
B , and a small conical projection of the same shape and size at the opposite side,
ending in a point A. A cross-section through the centre of the conductor is shown
in the figure on the right. If, now, a positive charge Q is transferred to the sphere,
then

(a) the charge density at both A and B will be undefined.

(b) the charge density at A will be the same as the charge density at B .
(c) the charge density at A will be more than the charge density at B .
(d) the charge density at B will be more than the charge density at A.
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Ans. (c)
Charge will be present on the conductor surface and net charge inside
the conductor always zero. And charge will present maximum at pin
point so charge at A > at B
When Charge Q given to any sphere than sphere of radius r1 has charge Q1 and
sphere or radius r2 have charge Q2 when potential become same.
so V1 = V2
kQ1 kQ2
=
r1 r2
Q1 Q2
=
r1 r2
Q
 =σ ⇒ Q =σ A
A
σ 1 (4π r12 ) σ 2 (4π r22 )
=
r1 r2
σ 1r1 = σ 2 r2
σ1 r2
=
r2 r1
1
σ∝
r

When r large than charge density become small so charge density found maximum at pin
point so if we be distribute the charge than point B will not be niddle point and niddle point
will be at point A

So option (c) is correct answer

IInd Method

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
Q8. Solving Poisson’s equation ∇ 2ϕ = − ρ0 / ε 0 for the electrostatic potential ϕ ( x ) in
a region with a con charge density ρ0 , two students find different answers, viz.
 1 ρ x2  1
ϕ1 ( x ) = − 0 and ϕ2 ( x ) = − ρ0 y 2ε 0 The reason why these different
2 ε0 2
solutions are both correct is because
(a) space is isotropic and hence x and y are physically equivalent
 
(b) we can add solutions of Laplace’s equation to both ϕ1 ( x ) and ϕ2 ( x )
(c) the electrostatic energy is infinite for a constant charge density
(d) the boundary conditions are different in the two cases

Ans. (d)
Explaination of option (d)
−ρ
∇ 2φ =
∈0
This is a second order partial differential eqn from uniqueness theorem-
φ can be found exactly if boundary conditions are satisfied.
That is it dependent on integrating constant me are understood it. By an example
dy
Exa : = m (Slope of line)
dx
y = mx + c (eqn of a straight line)
To find the eqn of straight line, we must know the boundary condition of y to fix c.
Since ∇ 2φ will have two arbitarary constant . So, we can get different solutions because of
different boundary conditions.
II nd Method :
−ρ
∇ 2φ = 0
∈0

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If φ depend only x coordinate then

∂ 2φ − ρ0 ∂φ − ρ0 x − ρ0 x 2
= ⇒ = + C ⇒ φ = + C1 x + C2
∂x 2 ∈0 ∂x ∈0 2 ∈0
1

If φ depend only y-coordinate then

∂ 2φ − ρ ∂φ − ρ0 y − ρ0 y 2
= ⇒ = + C '
⇒ φ = + C1' y + C2'
∂y ∈0 ∂y ∈0 2 ∈0
2 1

But we have solution

− ρ0 x 2 − ρ0 y 2
φ= or φ =
2 ∈0 2 ∈0
This is possible when only the boundery condition are different in two cases.
Q9. A short solenoid with n turns per unit length has diameter D and length L =
8D/15, as shown in the figure, and it carries a constant current I . The magnetic
field B at a point P on the axis of the solenoid at a distance H = 2D/ 3 from its
near end (see figure) is use ∫ dx(1 ( x 2 ) −3/2 = x(1 ( x 2 ) −1/2 
 

4 4 24 112
(a) µ0 nl (b) µ0 nl (c) µ0 nl (d) µ0 nl
65 13 15 65

Ans. (a)
Magnetic field due to solenoid at axis
µ0 nI
[cos n ]β
α
B=
2
µ nI
B = 0 [ cos α − cos β ] …(1)
2
From ABPA
cos α = Base/hypotenuse =
 8 2 8 + 10 18
 + D D =
 15 3  = 15 15
2 2 2 2
 D  8 2 2 1  18  1 6
  + +  D +  D + 
 2   15 3  4  15  4 5

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6 6 6
5 5 12
cos α = = = 5 =
1 36 25 + 144 13 13
+
4 25 100 10
From ∆CPD
2 2 2
D D
3 3 4
cos β = = =3=
D2 4 2 9 + 16 5 5
+ D D
6
4 a 36
Then
µ0 nI 12 4 
B= −
2 13 5 
µ nI  8 
B= 0  
2  65 
4
B= µ0 nI
65
Option (a) is correct answer
Q10. A particle moving in one dimension has the un-noramalised wave
function
 x2 
ψ ( x) = x exp  − 2  where λ is a real constant. The expectation value of
 λ 
its momentum is p =
  x2  2  
(a) exp  − 2  (b) −2 (c) exp ( −1) (d) zero
λ  λ  λ 2
λ λ

 − x2 
Ans. (d) ψ ( x ) = x exp  f2 
λ 
This is unnormalised wave function
< p >=
 − x2 
So ψ ( x) = A x exp  2 
 λ 
*
2 ψ p̂ψ ⋅ dx
< p >= A ∫ all space

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∂   − x2  
+∞
 − x2  
< p >= A ∫ −    2   ⋅ dx
2
x exp    i  x exp
 ii  ∂x  
2
−∞  
+∞
 − x2    − x 2   −2 x   − x2 
< p >= A 2
∫ x exp   ( −i  )  x exp    2  + exp  2 
⋅ dx
 iiii  
2 2
−∞     
+∞
 −2 x3
 −2 x 2   −2 x 2  
< p >= A ∫ ( −i )  +  2  ⋅dx
2
exp  2  x exp
 iii
2
−∞    
 (∞
2x 3
 −2 x 
2 ∞
 −2 x 2  
< p >= A (−i)  ( ∫ − 2 exp  2  ( ∫ x exp  2  ⋅ dx 
2

 −∞ iii   −∞   
⇓ ⇓
Odd wave fun n odd wave fun n
(∞

∫
−∞
f ( x) = 0 [odd wave funn]

(∞ (∞

∫
−∞
f ( x) = 2 ∫
−∞
f ( x) [even funn]

< p >= 0 option (d) is correct answer

Q11. A particle of mass m and charge e is in the ground state of a one-dimensional
harmonic oscillator potential in the presence of a uniform external electric field
1
E . The total potential felt by the particle is V ( x ) = kx 2 − eEx If the electric field
2
is suddenly switched off, then the particle will
(a) make a transition to any harmonic oscillator state with x = −eE / k as
origin without emitting any photon.
(b) make a transition to any harmonic oscillator state with x = 0 as origin and
absorb a photon.
(c) settle into the harmonic oscillator ground state with x = 0 as origin alter
absorbing a photon.
(d) oscillate back and forth with initial amplitude eE / k , emitting multiple
photons as it does so.

1 2
Ans. (b) V ( x) = kx − eEx
2
p2
H= ( v( x)
2M

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P2 1 2
H= + kx − qEx
2M 2
2
P2 1  qE  q 2 E 2
H= + kx− 2  −
2M 2  k  2k
2
P2 1  qE  q 2 E 2
H= + kx−  −
2M 2  k  2k
_____________ ____
↓ ↓
Due to electric field Extra term
→ (in absence of electric field than origin will be shifted at origin)
Option (a) → wrong (x = 0 should be½
Option (b) → correct
Option (c) → wrong
&(When this is absorbs a one photon then it should be go into the other state but according
to option it will remain in same state so option (c) will be wrong.)
But according to option (d) when it absorb multipule photon then it will be change
eE
amplitude and amplitude is equal to x = which is wrong
k
Option (d) → wrong
  
Q12. Consider the Hamiltonian H = f σ ⋅ x Here x is the position vector, f is a constant

and σ = (σ x , σ y , σ z ) , where σ x , σ y , σ z are the three Pauli matrices. The energy
ejgenvalues are
(a) f ( x2 + y 2 ± z ) (b) f ( x ± iy )

(c) ± f x 2 + y 2 + z (d) ± f ( x ((
y z)
 
Ans. (c) H = f σ ⋅ x
H = f (σ x x ((
σ y y σ z z)
 0 1  0 −i  1 0  
H = f   + i + 0 −1 z 
0 
x y
 1 0     
0 x   0 −iy   z 0  
H = f  + + 
  x 0  iy 0  0 − z  
 z x − iy 
H= f 
 x + iy − z 
For eigen value
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H − λI = 0
z −i x − iy
f =0
x + iy − ii
−z −

( z − λ ) ( − x − λ ) − ( x ( y ) = 0
 2 2

λ 2 = x2 + y 2 + z 2
f 2λ 2 = f 2 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )
f λ = f x2 + y 2 + z 2
Option (c) is correct answer

Q13. One mole of an ideal gas undergoes the cycle ACBA shown in the pV diagram
below.

One of the curved lines in the cycle represents an isothermal change at

temperatureT , while the other
represents an adiabatic change. The net heat gained by the gas in this cycle is
V V
(a) − p2 (V3 − V2 ) ( RT ln 2 (b) − p2 (V3 − V2 ) ( RT ln 3
V1 V1
V
(c) − p2 (V3 − V2 ) ( λ RT (V21−λ − V11−λ ) (d) ( p1V1 − p2V2 ) − RT ln 3
V1

Ans. (b) Net Heat

ΣQ = Σw and dU = 0
I.e. U = constant
In Adiabatic process δ Q = 0
Process → Anti clock wise
So work done = -ve
w = − ( wIsobaric + wIsotherma )
  V 
Q = w = −  P(V3 − V2 ) − nRT ln  3  
  V1  

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V 
Q = w = − P(V3 − V2 ) ( nRT ln  3 
 V1 
V 
Q = w = − P (V3 − V2 ) + RT ln  3 
 V1 
Option (b) is correct answer
Q14. An ideal gas at a temperature T is enclosed in a rigid container whose walls are
initially at temperature T where T1 < T . The wails are covered on the outside
with perfect thermal insulation and the system is allowed to come to
equilibrium. The pressure exerted by the gas on the walls of the container
(a) remains constant throughout.
(b) is lower at the initial stage than at the final stage.
(c) is higher at the initial stage than at the final stage.
(d) is the same at the initial and final stages.

Ans. (c)
Ideal gas
Eqn of state pv = nRT
Given that T1 < T [initial condition]
PV
T1 < …(1)
R
Final condition → Thermal equilibrium
Pf V = RT f
V = cons tan t
n
From eq (1)
Pf V f PV
<
R R
Pf V f < PV
Pf < P

V f = co ns tan t
Option (c) → It is higher at initial stage than the final statge correct answer
Q15. Consider the CO molecule as a system of two point particles which has both
translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Using classical statistical
mechanics, the molar specific heat CV of CO gas is given in terms of the
Boltzmann constant kB by
5 3 1
(a) kB (b) 2 kB (c) kB (d) kB
2 2 2
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Ans. (a)
Co → Molecule
So Diatomic or no. of atoms =2
So D.O.F = 5 ⇒ 3 N − k = 3(2) − 1 = 5
f
CV = nR
2
5n N
CV = n =
2R NA
5 NR
CV = =k
2 NA
5
CV = Nk B
2
Option (a) is correct answer

Q16. In the laboratory frame, two observers A and B are moving along the sides of an
equilateral triangle with equal speeds c / 2 , as shown in the figure. The speed of
B as measured by A will be

3 4 13 3
(a) c (b) c (c) c (d) c
2 3 3 7 3

Ans. (d)

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c c −3c
− −
u − v 4 2
u x' = x = = 4
 ux v   c c   1
1 − 2  1 + 4 × 2 × c 2  1 + 8 
 c     
−3c 8 −2c
u x' = × ⇒ u x' =
4 9 3
3c c2 3c 3
u 1 − v 2
/ c 2 1− 2
u 'y =
y
= 4 4c = 4 2 = 3c
 vu x  9 9 9
1 − 2   
 c  8 8
c
u 'y =
3
And u z = 0
'

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4c 2 c 2
u rusl tan t = u 'x + u 'y + u 'z = + =
2 2 2
Then
9 9
5c
uresul tan t =
3
Q17. Two telescopes X and Y have identical objective lenses, but the single-lens
eyepiece of X is converging whereas the single-lens eyepiece of Y is diverging. If
the magnification M of these two telescopes for objects at infinity is the same, the
lengths LX and L Y of the two telescopes (length of a telescope is defined as the
distance between the objective lens and the eyepiece) must be in the ratio LX /
LY =
2M + 1 2M − 1 M +1 M −1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2M − 1 M +1 M −1 M +1

Ans.(c)
(Astronomical Telescope)
Lx = f 0 + f e
f0
=M (Magnification’s)
fe
IInd condition
Gallilian Telescope
Then Ly = f 0 − f e
 f0 
fe  + 1
f + fe
⇒ x =  
Lx L fe
= 0
Ly f0 − fe Ly  f0 
fe  − 1
 fe 
Lx M + 1
=
Ly M − 1
Option (c)
Q18. A lens can be constructed using a flat circular glass plate whose refractive index
n varies radially, i.e. n = n(r), where r is the radial distance from the centre of the
plate. In order to make a convex lens by this method n(r) should vary (in terms
of positive constants n(0) and α ) as
(a) n(0) - α / r2 (b) n(0) - α / r2 (c) n(0) - α r (d) n(0) - α r2

Ans.(d)
IstMethod
This is looks like parabola so, it have eqn of parabola
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Then x ∝ y 2

Then n(r ) = n(0) − α r 2

Option (d)
IIndMethod
This is form due to two circles So, it have eqn of circle also
x2 + y 2 = r 2
Then n(r ) = n(0) − α r 2
Q19. A solid sample has the property that, when cooled below a certain temperature,
it expels any small applied magnetic field from within the material. Which of the
following best describes this sample in the cooled state?
(a) Paramagnet (c) Ferromagnet (b) Diamagnet (d) Anti-ferromagnet
Ans. (b)
This is the effect of surperconductivity and when it expelled the magnetic field it behave like
diamagnet

This law is called mattishere law

Q20. A beam of atoms moving in a certain direction can be slowed down if they
absorb photons from a laser beam moving in the opposite direction and
subsequently spontaneously emit photons isotropically. For a beam of Sodium
atoms (mass number A = 23) with speed 600ms-1 , if a laser beam of wavelength
589 nm is used, the number of such absorption and emission cycles needed to
bring a Sodium atom to rest would be approximately
(a) 1.3 x 105 (b) 1.3 x 104 (c) 2.1 x 103 (d) 2.1 x 104

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Ans.(d)Energy of Photon
hc 6.62 ×10−34 × 3 ×108
E= =
λ 589 ×10−9
 λ = 589nm, V = 600 m / sec
Na → atom
For atom
λ
From Bohr’s Ist Postulates 2π r = nλ , r = n = 1 wher use n = 1
2π
From Bohr’s IInd postulates
mvr = n
 λ 
mv   = n
 2m 
mvλ = n ( 2m  )
mvλ = n
mvλ
n=
h
23 ×1.67 ×10−27 × 6 ×102 × 589 ×10−9
n=
6.62 ×10−34
n = 20504.67
n = 2.05 ×104
n = 2.1× 104 cycle
IInd method
From De-brogly Wavelength
h
λ=
p
h
P= (For one cycle)
λ
P = M NaVNa
And For n-cycle
nh
= M NaVNa [Momentum will be conserved]
λ
nh = M NaVNa λ
Mvλ
n=
h
23 ×1.67 ×10−27 × 600 × 589 ×10−9
n=
6.62 × 10−34

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n = 2.05 × 104 cycle

Here cycle means → absorption of photon and emission of photon
Q21. In a laboratory, the double-slit experiment is performed with free non-
relativistic electrons, each having energy E , emitted from a source S (see figure
below). The screen consists of a uniform sheet of charge-sensitive pixels of size r
. If the slit-screen distance is z and the spacing between slits is d ,which of the
following restrictions on the electron energy E should be satisfied so that the
fringes can be distinctly observed?

2 2
1  hz  1  hz 
(a) E ≤   (b) E ≥  
2me  rd  2me  rd 
 hz   hz 
(c) E ≤ c   (d) E ≥ c  
 rd   rd 

Ans.(a) Path difference = x

x
sin n =
d
x = d sin n
r
Tann =
z
r
θ=
z
For constructive Interference
d sin n = ni
And n = 1
d sin n = i
For distinct fringes
i ≥ d sin n i ≥ d sin n
λ ≥ d (θ ) sin n  n

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Fixel → Fringes
r
λ ≥d 
z  
h
λ =
p
h r  p = 2 ME 
≥d   
p z
h dr
≥
2 ME hz
2
1  dr 
≥ 
2 ME  hz 
2
1  hz 
E≤  
2 M  dr 
Option (a) is correct answer
Q22. An alpha particle of energy E is shot towards a gold nucleus ( 197
79 An ) . At
distances much larger than the nuclear size RN , the dominant force is the
Coulomb repulsion, but at distances comparable to the nuclear size the dominant
force is the strong nuclear attraction. These combine to form a potential barrier
of height VC. If E < VC , the probability that the alpha particle will fuse with the
gold nucleus can be written (in terms of a dimensionless positive constant k ) as
kE
(a) zero (b)
k 2 E 2 + VC2
 E  kV 
(c) k 1 −  (d) exp 1 − C 
 VC   E 

Ans.(d)At distance longer than RN → Behave as classicrly then it can not be penetrate the wall
And
At distance is nuclear force, it is the small region and it is heavy particle and in this region it
quickly/Rapidly exponentially decay and its probability given by
e−2α a
 2 M (V0 − E ) 
exp  −2 
 2 

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exp  − V0 − E )

exp  + E − V0 )
 1 − V0 
exp  E1/2 
 E 
In this exponantialy decay
Option (d) is correct answer
Q23. Consider the following circuit.

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Which of the graphs given below is a correct representation of V out ?

Ans.(b)

This is parallel clipper

For +ve half cycle for –ve half cycle
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D → ON D → OFF
At V = 5V → Clip Compelete output obtained
V = V0

Option (b)

Q24. In the following circuit, the resistance R2 is doubled. It follows that the current
through R2

(a) remains the same. (b) is halved.

(c) is doubled (d) is quadrupled

Ans(a) From concep of virtual ground

At point A V = Vin
At Node Point A
I1 = I 2

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O − Vin Vin − V0
= …(1)
R1 R2
Now, R2 is doubled At Node point A '
I1 = I 2'
O − Vin Vin − V0
= …(2)
R1 2 R2
From (1) & (2)
I 2 − I 2'
Current will remain the same
 From virtual ground concept
V1 = V2
That is potential difference same
So inside op – Amp I1 = I 2
Q25. A control circuit needs to be designed to save on power consumption by an
airconditioning unit A in a windowless room with a single door. The room is
fitted with the following devices:
1. a temperature sensor T , which is enabled (T = 1) whenever the
temperature falls below a pre-set value;
2. a humidity sensor H which is enabled (H = 1) whenever the humidity falls
below a certain pre-set value;
3. a sensor D on the door, which is triggered (D = 1) whenever the door
opens.
Which of the following logical circuits will turn the air-conditioning unit
off (A = 0) whenever the door is opened or when both temperature and
humidity are below their preset values?

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Ans.(c) When D = 1, H = 1 and T =1

Then output A = off i.e A = 0
Otherwise A = 1
From options
(a) If D = 1, T =1, H = 1

Then A = 0 (May be correct) →

(b) If D = 1, T = 1, & H = 1

Then A = 1 (ON)
Then option will be wrong
(c) When D = 1, T = 1, H = 1

Then A = 0
This option also may be correct
(d) When D = 1, T = 1, & H = 1

Then A = 1
So this option will be wrong
Now check option (a) & (c) from otherwise condition and when attention an figure of option
(a) & (c) then we see that
In both option and Gate will be same
D = same (put 0)
Then, Now we check otherwise conditions
D T H
(i) 0 0 0

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(ii) 0 0 1
0 1 0
Option (c) Option (a)
1
1 correct
1
0
↓ 0 wrong
Cond n statisfied 0
So option (c) is correct answer
And option (d) wrong answer

GS-2014-X (PHYSICS)
Section B
Q26. A body of mass m falls from rest at a height h under gravity (acceleration due to
gravity g ) through a dense medium which provides a resistive force F = - kv2 ,
where k is a constant and v is the speed. It will hit the ground with a kinetic
energy
m2 g  2kh  m2 g 2kh
(a) exp  −  (b) tanh
2k  m  2k m
m2 g   2kh   m2 g   2kh  
(c) 1 + exp  −  (d) 1 − exp  − 
2k   m  2k   m 

Ans. (d) Mg = kv 2
Mg
vi =
.k
Then
Fres = mg − kv 2
ma = mg − kv 2
md 2 x
2
= mg − kv 2
dt
d 2 x vdv
=
dt 2 dx

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mvdv
= dx
mg − kv 2
mg − kv 2 = t
By integrating
log ( mg − kv 2 ) = + c
1 x
−
2k m
At time t = 0, x = 0, v=0
So
1
c=− ln mg
2k

So
log ( mg ) − log ( mg − kv 2 )
x 1 1
=
m 2k 2k
x 1  mg 
= log  2 
m 2k  mg − kv 
mg − kv 2 −2 x
k
=e m
mg
mg  2x 
k
v2 = 1 − e m
 ( x = h)
k  
So kinetic energy
1 2 m2 g  −2 h 
k
= mv =  1 − e m

2 2  

Q27. A weight W is suspended from a rigid support by a hard spring with stiffness
constant K . The spring is enclosed in a- hard plastic sleeve, which prevents
horizontal motion, but allows vertical oscillations (see figure). A simple
pendulum of length  with a bob of mass m(mg <<W) is suspended from the
weight W and is set oscillating in a horizontal line with a small amplitude. After
some time has passed, the weight W is observed to be oscillating up and down

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with a large amplitude (but not hitting the sleeve). It follows that the

stiffness constant K must be

4W 2W W W
(a) K = (b) K = (c) K = (d) K =
   2
Ans. (d)

  
Q28. In spherical polar coordinates r = (r , θ , ϕ ) the delta function δ (r1 − r2 ) can be
written as
(a) 1 − 2 )δ (ϕ1 − ϕ 2 )
δ (r1 − r2 )δ (θθ
1
(b) 1 − cos 2 )δ (ϕ1 − ϕ 2 )
δ (r1 − r2 )δ (cos θθ
r12
1
(c)   2 δ (r1 − r2 )δ (cos θθ 1 − cos 2 )δ (ϕ1 − ϕ 2 )
r1 − r2
1
(d) 1 − 2 )δ (ϕ1 − ϕ 2 )
δ (r1 − r2 )δ (θθ
r cos θ1
1
2

 
Ans.(b) δ (r2 − r1 )

r = r (r1θ1φ )
  1
δ (r2 − r1 ) = δ (r2 − r1 )δ (θθ
2 − 1 )δ (φ2 − φ1 )
h1h2 h3
  1
δ (r2 − r1 ) = 2 δ (r2 − r1 )δ (n 2 − n1 )δ (φ2 − φ1 )
r sin n
δ (n 2 − n1 )
 = δ (cos n 2 − cos n1 )
sin n
  1
δ (r2 − r1 ) = 2 δ ( r2 − r1 ) δ (cos θθ2 − cos 1 )δ (cc 2 − 1)
r
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Option (b)
Q29. An electric dipole is constructed by fixing two circular charged rings, each of
radius a, with an insulating contact (see figure). One of these rings has total
charge + Q and the other has total charge – Q. If the charge is distributed
uniformly along each ring, the dipole moment about the point of contact will be

Qa
(a) zˆ (b) 4π Qazˆ (c) 2Qazˆ (d) zero
π

Ans. (c)
Distribution of charge on any ring that assume that net charge of ring at the center
[On the basis of Center of mass]
So
Monopele moment
ΣQi = −Q + Q = 0
So origin of dipole moment will be independent of choice of origin
Then
Dipole moment
P = Charge × distance
P = −Qa (−kˆ) ( Qakˆ
P = Qakˆ + Qakˆ
P = 2Qakˆ
Best Method
These Rings are insulated & insulator have total intrinsic charge zero (Have Bound
charge). It have only external charges so we want to ring A & B have charge −Q &
+Q respectively
So
Monopele Moment
ΣQi = 0
Origin of dipole moment independent of choice of origin so P = 2Qakˆ

Q30. A spherical conductor, carrying a total charge Q, spins uniformly and very
rapidly about an axis coinciding with one of its diameters. In the diagrams given
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below, the equilibrium charge density on its surface is represented by the

thickness of the shaded region. Which of these diagrams is correct?

Ans. (b)
1st Method
When spherical conductor (θ = 0) rotate about the z-axis, it becomes a oblate
quadruple (which is slightly → Non spherical)
So,
2nd Method

Taking a ring element

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Our head view of ring

So assuming spiral made of many rings and every ring her Natural to increases radius
So upper and lower charges (pour charges) will come near to equator and equator charges
cannot go anywhere
So option b is correct
Q31. A rigid rotator is in a quantum state described by the wavefunction
3
ψ (n , ϕ ) = sin n sin ϕ
4π
Where θ and ϕ are the usual polar angles. If two successive measurements of Lz
are made on this rotator, the probability that the second measurement will yield
the value +h is
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.33 (c) 0.5 (d) negligible
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Ans. (c)
3
ψ (n1φ ) = sin n sin φ
4π
3  eiφ − e − iφ 
ψ (n1φ ) = sin n  
4π  2i 
1 3 3 
ψ (n1φ ) =  sin n eiφ − sin n e − iφ 
2i  4π 4π 
1  3 3 
ψ (n1φ ) =  sin n eiφ − sin n e − iφ 
2i  8π 8π 
n=2 n=2
l =1 l=1
m = +1 m=-1
1
ψ (θ1φ ) = Y11 (θ1φ ) − Y1−1 (θ1φ ) 
2i
−i 1 i −1
ψ (θ1φ ) = Y1 (θ , φ ) ( Y1 (θ1φ )
2 2
i −1 i 1
ψ (θ1φ ) = Y1 (θ , φ ) − Y1 (θ1φ )
2 2
Multiply with (i) in numerator & dimominator
First Yeild

L2ψ (θ1φ ) =
( −1) (i)Y −1 (θ , φ ) − i
Y11 (θ1φ )
1
2 2
In second Yeild
(−1)(−1) 2 −1 i
L2 ( L2ψ (θ1φ ) = Y1 (θ1φ ) − ()()Y11 (θ1φ )
2 2
i −1
2
−i 1
2
= Y1 (θ1φ ) Y1 (θ1φ )
2 2
Probability of second yield (()
2 2
i 1 1
P= = = = 0.5
2 2 2
Q32. A particle in the 2s state of hydrogen has the wave function
3/2
2 1  r   r 
ψ 2 , (r ) =    2 −  exp  − 
4 2π  a0   a0   2a0 

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where r is the radial coordinate w.r.t the nucleus as origin and a0 is the Bohr
radius. The probability P of finding the electron somewhere inside a sphere of
radius λ a0 centered at the nucleus, is best described by the graph

3/2
2 1  r   −r 
Ans.(d) ψ 2 (r ) =    2 −  exp  
4 2π  a0   a0   2a0 
Here ψ 2 is function only r
So This is radial function
For Radial element Probability
2
P = Rnl (r ) r 2 dr
2
4  r   −r  r
P= 3 
2 −  exp   r 2  =λ
16(2π )a0  a0   a0  a0
P ∝ λ 2 (2 − λ ) 2 exp(−λ )
Now
Use the options
For P = 0
(i) λ = 0
(ii) 2 − λ = 0
λ=2
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On comparision from options

Option (c) → wrong at r = 0, p ≠ 0
Option → (a) → wrong
 at λ = 0, P = 0, &λ = 2, P = 0
But this graph is not match with real graph and here also only one node point not
(2) so this is wrong option
Option → (b) → wrong
 at λ = 0
P=0
But at λ = 2
P≠0
So this wrong
Option → (d)
This option exactly not match with actual graph but this is appropriate because here
node point will bl → 2
The peak shows that here will are nette point
Option (d) correct answer
IInd Method
 Probability cannot be zero instantly
Option (d) correct
Q33. A thermally-insulated container of volume V0 is divided into two equal halves by
 a2 
a nonpermeable partition. A real gas with equation of state b3  p + 3  = nRT
 V 
where a and b are constants, is confined to one of these halves at a temperature
T0 . The partition is now removed suddenly and the gas is allowed to expand to
fill the entire container. The final temperature of the gas, in terms of its specific
heat CV will be
3a 2 2a 2
(a) T0 − (b) T0 −
2CV V02 3CV V02
3a 2 2a 2
(c) T0 + (d) T0 +
2CV V02 3CV V02
Ans. (a)

Q34. A manufacturer is able to offer two models of heat-conserving windows, as

escribed below.

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Window A is a simple pane of glass, 4mm thick. Window B , on the other hand,
consists of two extremely thin panes of glass, separated by an air gap of 2mm, as
shown in the figure above. If the thermal conductivity of glass is known to be
0.8Wm-1K-1 and that of air is 0.025Wm-1K -1 , then the ratio of heat flow A Q
Q
through Window A to the heat flow QB through Window B is given by A =
QB

1 1
(a) (b) (c) 4 (d) 16
16 4
Ans. (d)
Note
Law for Thermal conduction:
In medium. energy flux density (Ju) is proportional to grad.T ( ∇T )
Ju ∝ grad T
Ju = −k ∇ T
Where k → Thermal conduction coefficient / Thermal conductivity
Energy flux density : Per unit area ls Per unit time esa
Transport energy

Q
Ju =
A
Q
= − k ∇T
A
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Per unit area [Qz → Length]

Q = − k ∇T
 ∂T 
Q = −k  
 ∂z 
 ∂T 
Q = −k  
 L 
Link with Question
For Window A
− k ∇T
QA = = k = 0.8ω M −1k −1
4
−0.8
QA = ∇T …(1)
4
For window B
− k ∇T
QB = k = 0.025ω M −1k −1
2
−0.025
QB = ∇T …(2)
2
Then
QA 0.8(∇T ) / 4
=
QB 0.025(∇T ) / 2
QA 0.8 ×103 × 2
=
QB 4 × 25 ×10
QA 400
=
QB 25
QA
= 16 Option (d)
QB
Q35. In a low temperature experiment, the resistance of a sensor is used as a
thermometer. In order to have better sensitivity in the range 100mK to1.0K ,
which material would make the best sensor?
(a) insulator (b) p - n junction
(c) pure semiconductor (d) metal

Ans. (c) → Insulator and metals are not used as sensor for low Temp.
→ For P-n Junction temp. sensitivity is → (1.4 k – 300 k) which is not range in mk
So This is also not possible
→ and for pure semiconductor
Temp sensitivity is → (100 mk – 1.0 k)
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This is in range of temp.

So This is correct answer
Option (c) is correct answer
Q36. For a pure germanium semiconductor cooled in liquid nitrogen, the average
density of conduction electrons is about n = 1012 per cm3 At this temperature the
electron and hole mobilities are equal and have the common value µ = 5.0 x 103
cm2V 1s1 ’. If a potential of 100V is applied across a 1 cm cube of this cooled
germanium sample, the current observed can be estimated as
(a) 80 µ A (b) 160mA (c) 16mA (d) 16A
Ans.(b) p = nq µn + pq µ p
Here → pure semiconductor
That is insintric semiconductor
n → same
And µ n = µ p  same
σ = 2nq µn
Given , n = 10 / cm
12 3

q = 1.6 ×10−19 coloumb

µn = µ p = 5.0 ×103 CM 2V −1S −1
σ = 2 ×1012 ×1.6 ×10−19 × 5 ×103
σ = 10 ×1.6 ×10−4
σ = 1.6 ×10−3
V 
I = , R = ρ   A =  2 → cube 
R  A
V
I =  A → Cube → Surface use A =  2

ρ 
 A
V
I = ⋅ 2
ρ ( )
V 1
I = ( )  =σ
ρ ρ
I = Vσ 
I = 100(1.6 ×10−3 ) ×1 Amp
I = 1.6 ×10−1 Amp
I = 160 mA
Option (c)

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Q37. A glass plate P (refractive index np =1.54 ) is coated with a dielectric material C
with the refractive index n c = 1.6. In order to have enhanced reflection from this
coated glass for near-normal incident light of wavelength λ , the thickness of the
coating material C must be
λ λ
(a) even multiples of (b) even multiples of
2nc 4nc
λ λ
(c) odd multiples of (d) integral multiples of
4nc 4nc
Ans. (c)

The beam 1 will suffer a phase change of π under reflection while beam 2 will
not suffer a phase charge of but will travel additional distance of 2nC t.
So, in order of to have constructive interference,
λ
Path difference ∆x = 2nC t − =0
2
λ
t=
4nC
Q38. In the following circuit, the AC source is an ideal voltage source. What is the
amplitude of the steady state current through the inductor at resonance?

V0
(a) V0 C / L (b)
R
(c) V0 C / ( R 2C ( 2 L) (d) zero

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v
Ans. (a) IL =
xL
v
IL =
ωL
In Resonance conditions
1
ω=
LC
V
IL = LC
C
L
I L = V0
C

Q39. A standard radioactive source is known to decay by emission of γ rays. The

source is provided to a student in a thick sealed capsule of unbreakable plastic
and she is asked to find out the half-life. Which of the following would be the
most useful advice to the student?
(a) The half-life cannot be measured because the initial concentration of the
source is not given.
(b) Mount the source in front of a gamma ray detector and count the number
of photons detected in one hour.
(c) Measure the mass of the source at different times with an accurate
balance having a least count of 1 mg . Plot these values on a curve and fit
it with an exponential decay law
(d) Mount the source in front of a gamma ray detector and count the number
of photons detected in a specific time interval. Repeat this experiment at
different times and note how the count changes.
Ans. (d)
Q40. Cosmic ray muons generated at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere decay
 0.693t 
according to the radioactive decay law N (t ) = N (0) exp  −  where N(t) is
 T1/2 
the number of muons at time t , and T1/2 = 1.52 µ s is the proper half-life of the
muon. Immediately after generation, most of these muons shoot down towards
the Earth’s surface. Some of these muons decay on the way, but their interaction
with the atmosphere is negligible. An observer
on the top of a mountain of height 2.0 km above mean sea level detects muons with
the speed 0.98c over a period of time and counts 1000 muons. The number of
muons of the same speed detected by an observer at mean sea level in the same
period of time would be
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(a) 232 (b)539 (c) 839 (d) 983

 −0.693 
Ans. (b) N = N 0 exp  t
 T1/2 
T1/2 → Dilate
T1/2 1.52 ×10−6
T1/2' = = = 7.638µ sec
V2 1 − (0.98) 2
1−
C2
Then
N 0 = 1000
D 2km
Now T = ⇒t = = 6.8 ×10−6 sec
V 0.98 × 3 ×10 8

 −0.693 × 6.8 ×10−6 

Then N = 1000 exp  −6 
 7.638 ×10 
N = 1000 × .53944
N = 539.44
Option (b)

GS-2014-X (PHYSICS)
Section C
∞
dx
Q41. The integral ∫ 4+ x
0
4
evaluates to

π π π
(a) π (b) (c) (d)
2 4 8
∞
dx π
Ans. (d) ∫x
0
2
+4
=
8
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x
Q42. The solution of the integral equation f ( x) = x − ∫ dt f (t ) has the graphical form
0

Ans.(b)
1st Method
x
f ( x ) = x − ∫ f ( x ) dt
0
Do diff
f '( x) = 1− f ( x)
d
f ( x) + f ( x) = 1
dx
ω
This is linear differential eq

I .F = e ∫ = e∫
P .dx 1.dx
= ex
Solution
y ( I .F ) = ∫ Q ( I .F ) .dx + c
f ( x ) ex = ex + c
f ( x ) = 1 + ce − x c = costaent
If I use boundary condition
At x = 0 , f ( x ) = 0 (from options)
0 = 1+ c c = −1
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f ( x ) = 1 − 1e − x
f ( x ) = (1 − e − x )
2nd Method
x
dx = x − ∫ f ( t ) dt
0
Taking laplas transform both side
{ 
L  f ( { )  = L { {} − L  ∫ f ( t ) dt 
0 
Using property of laplas transform
1 f (s)
f (s) = −
s2 s
f (s) 1
f (s) + = 2
s s

( x ) 1 +  = 2
1 1
f
 5 s
s +1  1
f ( s )  = 2
 s  s
1
f ( s )( s + 1) =
s
1
f (s) =
s ( s + 1)
A B 1
 + =
S ( s + 1) s ( s + 1)
A ( s + 1) + BS = 1
Put S = 0 put s = -1
A =1 B = −1
1 1
f (s) = −
s ( s + 1)
Taking inverse laplace both side
f ( x ) = 1 − ex
f ( x ) = 1 − e− x
Q43. Assume that the Earth is a uniform sphere of radius R , rotating about its
axis with a uniform angular velocity ω . A rocket is launched from the
Equator in a direction due North. If it keeps on flying at a uniform speed v
(neglecting air resistance), the highest latitude that can be achieved is
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π π ωR
(a) (b) − (π − 2)
2 2 v
π ωR π  2ω R 
(c) − (π ( 2) (d) 1 − 
2 v 2 v 

Ans. (a)
Uniform sphere –
That is full fill condition
mv 2
=F
r
And v = rω
 use know that maximum latitude blw 0 and π /2
That is 0 < λ < x < 12
So
Now from option
π
( not possible )
2
π ωR
− (π − 2 ) [ put v = rt ]
2 V
π ωR
− (π − 2 )
2 RW
π
(0.43) < = 1.57
2
π −π −3.14
−2+2 = +2⇒ +2>0
2 2 2
And
So correct option
π ωR
− (π ( 2)
2 V
π ωR π
− (π ( 2) = − π − 2 = − (π ( 2 ) (−ve)
2 Rω 2
Not possible
π ωR 
(d) 1 − 2 
2 V 
π ωR 
1 − 2 
2 Rω 
π −π
(1 − 2 ) = (−ve) (wrong)
2 2
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Q44. A particle p of mass m moves under the influence of a central potential, centred
k
at the origin O, of the form V (r ) = − 3 where k is a positive constant
3r

If the particle P comes in from infinity with initial velocity u and impact
parameter b (see figure), then the largest value of b for which the particle gets
captured by the potential is
1/6 1/6
 3k 2   2k 2 
1/3 1/3
 k   2k 
(a)  2 4  (b)   (c)  2 4  (d)  
m u   3mu  m u   3mu 

−k
Ans.(a) V (r ) =
3r 3
Now from anguler momentum conservation
mub = mvr
u → initial velocity
v → final velocity
b → impact parameter
ub
v= …(1)
r
From total energy conservation
1 2 1
mu ( 0 = mv 2 ( v(r )
2 2
 Infinite ls vk jgk gSA
 Initial P.E = 0
1 2 1 2
mu = mv ( v(r )
2 2
2
1 2 1  ub  k
mu = m   − 3
2 2  r  3r
1 1 mu 2b 2 −k
mu 2 =
2 2 r 2 3r 3
Q45. The instantaneous electric and magnetic fields created at a distance r by a point
source at the origin are given by
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 A cos tt  B cos tt
E= θˆ, H= ϕˆ
2πε 0 r µ0 r
(
where ω , A, B are constants, and the unit vectors rˆ, θˆ, ϕˆ form an orthonormal )
set. The time- averaged power radiated by the source is
ωε 0 c3 2πω
(a) AB (b) AB (c) c 2 AB (d) AB
µ0 2π c
Ans. (c)
Q46. A particle is confined to a one-dimensional box of length L . If a vanishingly thin
but strongly repulsive partition is introduced in the exact centre of the box, and
the particle is allowed to come to its ground state, then the probability density
for finding the particle will appear as

Ans. (a)
Q47. A spin-2 nucleus absorbs a spin- ½ electron and is then observed to decay to a
stable nucleus in two stages, recoiling against an emitted invisible particle in the
first stage and against an emitted spin-1 photons in the second stage. If the
stable nucleus is spinless, then the set of all possible spin values of the invisible
particle is
1 5  3 7 1 3 5  1 3 5 7 
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c)  , ,  (d)  , , , 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Ans. (d)

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Q48. A gas of photons is enclosed in a container of fixed volume at an absolute

temperatureT . Noting that the photon is a massless particle (i.e., its energy and
momentum are related by E = pc ), the number of photons in the container will
vary as
(a) T (b) T 2 (c)T 3 (d) T 4
Ans. (c)

Q49. In a Stern-Gerlach experiment with spin- ½ particles, the beam is found to form
two spots on the screen, one directly above the other. The experimenter now
makes a hole in the screen at the position of the upper spot. The particles that go
through this hole are then passed through another Stern-Gerlach apparatus but
with its magnets rotated by 90 degrees counter clockwise about the axis of the
beam direction. Which of the following shows what happens on the second
screen?

Ans. (d)
Q50. The ground state electronic configuration for a carbon atom is. (1s)2 (2s)2 (2 p)2
The first excited state of this atom would be achieved by
(a) re-alignment of the electron spins within the 2 p orbital
(b) transition of an electron from the 2s orbital to the 2 p orbital
(c) transition of an electron from the 2 p orbital to the 3s orbital.
(d) transition of an electron from the 2s orbital to the 3s orbital
Ans. (b)

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Q51. Which of the following statement best explains why the specific heat of electrons in
metals is much smaller than that expected in a non-interacting (free) electron gas
model?
(a) The mass of electron is much smaller than that of the ions in the crystal.
(b) The Pauli Exclusion Principle restricts the number of electrons which can
absorb thermal energy.
(c) Electron spin can take only two different values.
(d) Electrons in a metal cannot be modelled as non-interacting.
Ans. (b)

Q52. In a beta decay experiment, an electromagnet M and a detector D are used to

( )
measure the energy of electrons β −1 , as shown in the figure.

The detector D is capable of detecting either electrons ( β −1 ) or positrons ( β −1 ) .

Now the β −1 source is replaced with a β +1 source, and we would like to measure
the energy of the positrons ( β +1 ) using the same setup. Which of the following is
correct?
(a) This can be done quite easily, if-the polarity of current in the coils of the
electromagnet is reversed.
(b) This can be done trivially, without changing anything, since the detector D
can detect either β −1 or β +1 .
(c) There is no way to do this with the given set up, since β +1 will have to be
converted into β −1 , which is obviously not possible.
(d) This cannot be done since the magnet does not have a symmetric shape.
Ans. (a)

Q53. It is well-known that the energy of the Sun arises from the fusion of hydrogen
nuclei (protons) inside the core of the Sun. This takes place through several
mechanisms, each resulting in emission of energy. Which of the following
reactions is NOT possible during the proton fusion inside the Sun?
(a) 11H + 11H → 22 He (b) 12 H + 11H → 23 He

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(c) 11H + 11H → 12 H + e + + µe (d) 11H + 11H + 11H + 11H → 24 He + + 2e +

Ans. (d)

Q54. A group of alien astronomers far away from the solar system tries to find out in
the use is to look for wobbles in the motion of the Sun induced by the planet(s)
revolving around it (if any). To detect this motion, they build a high-resolution
spectrometer which can measure the Doppler shift in frequency of a 600 nm line
in the solar spectrum with an accuracy of 1 in106 .Given that the Sun has a mass
2 x 1030 kg arid that Earth (mass 6 x 1024 kg , orbital velocity 3 x 104 ms-1 and
Jupiter (mass 2 x 1027 kg , orbital velocity1.5 X 104 ms-1 ) are two typical planets,
one
could predict that the experiments conducted by the aliens would find
(a) evidence for both the planets Earth and Jupiter.
(b) evidence for the planet Jupiter, but not for the planet Earth.
(c) no evidence for any planets orbiting the Sun.
(d) evidence for planets, but will not be able to tell how many
Ans. (c)

Q55. The interaction strength of the recently-discovered Higgs boson (mass

approximately125GeV / c2 ) with any other elementary particle is proportional
to the mass of that particle. Which of the following decay processes will have the
greatest probability?
(a) Higgs boson decaying to a top quark + a top anti-quark.
(b) Higgs boson decaying to a bottom quark - a bottom anti-quark.
(c) Higgs boson decaying to an electron and a positron.
(d) Higgs boson decaying to a neutrino-antineutrino pair.
Ans. (b)

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