Honors Physics II - Chapter 21: Atomic Physics 2013-2014 Exam

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. What term is used to describe a perfect radiator and d. energy transition
absorber of electromagnetic radiation?
a. blackbody 7. What causes the bright lines in the emission
b. atom spectrum of an element to occur?
c. quantum a. Photons are absorbed when electrons jump from
d. photon a higher-energy to a lower-energy state.
b. Photons are emitted when electrons jump from a
2. Classical electromagnetic theory predicted that the higher-energy to a lower-energy state.
energy radiated by a blackbody would become c. Photons are absorbed when electrons jump from
infinite as the wavelength became shorter. What a lower-energy to a higher-energy state.
was the contradiction between observation and this d. Photons are emitted when electrons jump from a
result called? lower-energy to a higher-energy state.
a. the quantum theory
b. the photoelectric effect 8. What observation confirmed de Broglie’s theory of
c. the wave-particle duality matter waves?
d. the ultraviolet catastrophe a. the photoelectric effect
b. the scattering of alpha particles
3. According to the Rutherford model, what makes up c. the diffraction of electrons
most of the volume of an atom? d. the spontaneous emission of photons
a. empty space
b. the nucleus 9. What does the peak of a probability curve for an
c. positive charges electron in an atom indicate?
d. electrons a. the location where there is zero probability of
finding the electron
4. What would you observe if light from argon gas b. that the electron’s location can be precisely
were passed through a prism? determined
a. a series of discrete bright lines c. that Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is
b. a continuous spectrum violated
c. a series of dark lines imposed on a continuous d. the distance from the nucleus at which the
spectrum electron is most likely to be found
d. a single bright line
10. Classical electromagnetic theory predicted that the
5. Which of the following is not a feature of Bohr’s energy radiated by a blackbody would become
model of the atom? infinite as the wavelength of the radiation became
a. Electrons move in circular orbits about the shorter. What was the contradiction between
nucleus. observation and this result called?
b. Only certain electron orbits are allowed. a. the Compton shift
c. Electrons emit radiation continuously while b. the ultraviolet catastrophe
orbiting the nucleus. c. the photoelectric effect
d. Electron jumps between energy levels account d. the quantum theory
for discrete spectral lines.
11. Which of the following statements is true about an
6. What is the process in which an electron returns to emission spectrum?
a lower energy level and emits a photon? a. The wavelengths of the spectrum are the same
a. spontaneous emission for all elements.
b. line emission b. The lines of the spectrum are equally separated.
c. line absorption c. It consists of dark lines in an otherwise
 continuous spectrum. a. Accuracy of measurement decreases as the
d. It consists of narrow bright lines. particle mass increases.
b. Neither quantity can be measured with
12. A photon with an energy of 2.86 eV is absorbed by accuracy.
a hydrogen atom. Afterwards, three photons are c. The more accurately one quantity is measured,
spontaneously emitted. Which statement correctly the less accurately the other quantity is known.
describes the emitted photons? d. Both quantities can be measured with infinite
a. The emitted photons each have the same accuracy.
wavelengths.
b. The photons are produced by a single electron 18. Which of the following indicates the greatest
energy-level transition. probability for an electron’s position in the ground
c. The sum of the emitted photon energies equals state of a hydrogen atom?
2.86 eV. a. the origin of the probability curve
d. Three photons are always emitted when a 2.86 b. the middle of the rising part of the probability
eV photon is absorbed. curve
c. the middle of the peak of the probability curve
13. Which of the following phenomena is the result of d. the middle of the descending part of the
light’s wave properties? probability curve
a. the Compton shift
b. two-slit interference 19. What term is used to describe a perfect radiator and
c. the photoelectric effect absorber of electromagnetic radiation?
d. momentum transfer a. blackbody
b. atom
14. Which of the following experiments indicated that c. quantum
matter waves exist? d. photon
a. the emission of electrons by a metal exposed to
photons 20. What were the units of light energy emitted by
b. the diffraction of electrons by a single crystal blackbody radiation originally called?
c. the change in photon wavelength during a. electron volts
scattering by electrons b. quanta
d. the spontaneous emission of photons by electron c. joules
transitions in an atom d. resonators
15. What is the momentum of a proton with a de 21. Which statement about Rutherford’s model of the
Broglie wavelength of 6.63 ´ 10–9 m? atom is not correct?
(h = 6.63 ´ 10–34 J•s) a. The model states that positive charge is
a. 4.40 ´ 10–44 kg•m/s unevenly distributed.
b. 3.33 ´ 10–34 kg•m/s b. The model depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus
c. 1.00 ´ 10–25 kg•m/s as planets orbit the sun.
d. 3.00 ´ 10–17 kg•m/s c. The model explains spectral lines.
d. The model states that atoms are unstable.
16. According to the matter-wave modification to the
Bohr model of the atom, what do the orbits of 22. Which statement about emission spectra is correct?
electrons in an atom resemble? a. All of the lines are evenly spaced.
a. longitudinal waves b. All noble gases have the same spectra.
b. probability waves c. Each line corresponds to a series of
c. traveling waves wavelengths.
d. standing waves d. All of the lines result from discrete energy
differences.
17. Which of the following statements correctly
describes the results of simultaneous measurement 23. What is the process in which an electron returns to
of momentum and location for a particle? a lower energy level and emits a photon?
 a. spontaneous emission determined
b. line emission c. that Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is
c. line absorption violated
d. energy transition d. the distance from the nucleus at which the
electron is most likely to be found
24. Which of the following processes is more easily
observable for light with a short wavelength? 28. What causes the bright lines in the emission
a. the photoelectric effect spectrum of an element to occur?
b. radio transmission a. Photons are absorbed when electrons jump from
c. diffraction a higher-energy to a lower-energy state.
d. interference b. Photons are emitted when electrons jump from a
higher-energy to a lower-energy state.
25. What happens as the frequency of photons c. Photons are absorbed when electrons jump from
increases? a lower-energy to a higher-energy state.
a. The diffraction of light becomes easier to d. Photons are emitted when electrons jump from a
observe. lower-energy to a higher-energy state.
b. The momentum of light decreases.
c. The wave effects of light become easier to 29. What causes the dark lines in the absorption
observe. spectrum of an element to occur?
d. The wave effects of light become more difficult a. Photons are absorbed when electrons jump from
to observe. a higher-energy to a lower-energy state.
b. Photons are emitted when electrons jump from a
26. What picture of the electron is suggested by the higher-energy to a lower-energy state.
quantum-mechanical model of the hydrogen atom? c. Photons are absorbed when electrons jump from
a. a raisin in pudding a lower-energy to a higher-energy state.
b. a probability cloud d. Photons are emitted when electrons jump from a
c. a planetary orbiting body lower-energy to a higher-energy state.
d. a light quantum
30. What observation confirmed de Broglie’s theory of
27. What does the peak of a probability curve for an matter waves?
electron in an atom indicate? a. the photoelectric effect
a. the location where there is zero probability of b. the scattering of alpha particles
finding the electron c. the diffraction of electrons
b. that the electron’s location can be precisely d. the spontaneous emission of photons
Short Answer
1. How did Rutherford explain why electrons in the
outer region of the atom are not pulled into the 4. Why is the uncertainty principle more important for
nucleus? matter at the atomic level than for matter in large
objects, such as a book or a car?
2. What is an absorption spectrum?
5. You have designed an experiment to measure the
3. What causes an aurora, and why does it occur more momentum of light. Should you use light with long
easily and appear brighter nearer the poles than in wavelengths or short wavelengths to better observe
equatorial or mid-latitude regions? momentum transfer? Explain your answer.
Problem
1. What is the energy, in eV, of a photon whose 2. How much energy does a photon of red light that
frequency is 5.6 ´ 10 Hz? (h 6.63 ´ 10 J·s; 1 has a wavelength of 645 nm contain? (h 6.63 ´ 10
eV 1.60 ´ 10 J) J·s; c 3.00 ´ 10 m/s; 1 eV 1.6 ´ 10 J)
3. A metal surface is illuminated first with light that 4. A hydrogen atom absorbs a photon, which causes
has a wavelength of 4.86 ´ 10 m, then with light the electron to go into a higher energy level. The
electron returns to the initial energy level by two
that has a wavelength of 4.38 ´ 10 m. The separate transitions, each involving the emission of
photoelectrons emitted by the metal under the 4.25 a photon. If the two photons have wavelengths of
´ 10 m light have twice the maximum kinetic 4062.5 nm and 487.5 nm, respectively, what were
energy of the photoelectrons emitted under the 4.50 the initial and final energy levels of the original
´ 10 m light. What is the work function of metal? excited electron? (h = 6.63 ´ 10 J·s; c = 3.00 ´
(h 6.63 ´ 10 J·s; c 3.00 ´ 10 m/s; 1 eV 10 m/s; 1 eV = 1.60 ´ 10 J)
1.60 ´ 10 J)
5. What is the de Broglie wavelength
of a proton that has a mass of 1.67 ´ 10 kg and is
moving at a speed of 2.6 ´ 10 m/s? (h 6.63 ´ 10
J
 ·s)
Honors Physics II - Chapter 21: Atomic Physics 2013-2014 Exam
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 21-1.1

2. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 21-1.1
3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 21-2.1
4. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 21-2.2
5. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 21-2.3
6. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 21-2.3
7. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 21-2.3
8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 21-3.2
9. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 21-3.4
10. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Section Quiz 1
11. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Section Quiz 2
12. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Section Quiz 2
13. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Section Quiz 3
14. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Section Quiz 3
15. ANS: C
Given
= 6.63 ´ 10–9 m
h = 6.63 ´ 10–34 J•s
Solution

p= = = 1.00 ´ 10–25 kg•m/s

PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Section Quiz 3

16. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Section Quiz 3
17. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Section Quiz 3
18. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Section Quiz 3
19. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test A
20. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test A
21. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test A
22. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test A
23. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test A
24. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test A
25. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test A
26. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test A
27. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test A
28. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test B
29. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test B
30. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test B
SHORT ANSWER

1. ANS:
Rutherford proposed that electrons move in orbits around the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun.

PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 21-2.1

2. ANS:
An absorption spectrum is a continuous spectrum interrupted by dark lines that are characteristic of the medium
through which the radiation has passed.

PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 21-2.2

3. ANS:
Earth’s magnetic field draws charged particles from the sun toward the poles, where the particles collide with
atoms in Earth’s atmosphere. These atoms give up the energy acquired in the collisions as spontaneous emission of
photons, producing an aurora. Because there are more collisions near the poles, more light is ultimately emitted,
producing a brighter aurora more often.

PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 21-2.3

4. ANS:
The interaction of light and microscopic particles is so slight that the position and the momentum of a large object
is imperceptibly affected, whereas the effect of interactions between light or microscopic particles and other
microscopic particles can be relatively large.

PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 21-3.3

5. ANS:
Light of short wavelengths is better. Momentum transfer is most easily observed in particle collisions, and photons
that have shorter wavelengths behave more like particles than do photons with longer wavelengths.

PTS: 1 TOP: Chapter 21 Test B

PROBLEM

1. ANS:
2.3 eV

Given
f 5.6 ´ 10 Hz
h 6.63 ´ 10 J·s

Solution

PTS: 1 DIF: IIIA OBJ: 21-1.2

2. ANS:
 1.93 eV

Given
l 645 nm
h 6.63 ´ 10 J·s
c 3.00 ´ 10 m/s

Solution

PTS: 1 DIF: IIIB OBJ: 21-1.2

3. ANS:
2.29 eV

Given
l 4.86 ´ 10 m
l 4.38 ´ 10 m
KE 2KE
h 6.63 ´ 10 J·s
c 3.00 ´ 10 m/s

Solution
 PTS: 1 DIF: IIIC OBJ: 21-1.3
4. ANS:
The initial energy level for the excited electron was E2 (E = –3.40 eV), and the final energy level was E5 (E = –
0.544 eV).

Given
l = 4062.5 nm
l = 487.5 nm
h = 6.63 ´ 10 J·s
c = 3.00 ´ 10 m/s

Solution
 PTS: 1 DIF: IIIC OBJ: 21-2.4
5. ANS:
1.5 ´ 10 m, or 0.15 nm

Given
m 1.67 ´ 10 kg
v 2.6 ´ 10 m/s
h 6.63 ´ 10 J·s

Solution

PTS: 1 DIF: IIIA OBJ: 21-3.2