A Minor Project Report

TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER USING 555 TIMER

Under the guidance of

Mr. M.HARI PRABHU

Submitted by

PRAKASH.S (17BEE3109)
SARVESH.V.K (17BEE3134)
VASANTH KUMAR.M (17BEE3164)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
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 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this Report titled “TRAFFIC
LIGHT CONTROLLER USING 555 TIMER” is the bonafide work of
“PRAKASH.S(17BEE3109),SARVESH.V.K(17BEE3134),VASANTH
KUMAR.S (17BEE3164)”who carried out the work during the academic
year (2019-2020) under my supervision. Certified further that to the best
of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form part of any
other project report.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Dr.K.SUNDARARAJU Ph.D. Mr.M.HARI PRABHU

Assistant Professor,
Professor,
Department of Electrical and
Department of Electrical and Electronics
Electronics Engineering,
Engineering,
M.Kumarasamy College of
M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering,
Engineering,
Karur-639113
Karur-639113

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 VISION AND MISSION OF THE INSTITUTION

VISION

 To emerge as a leader among the top institutions in the field of technical education

MISSION

 Produce smart technocrats with empirical knowledge who can surmount the global

challenges.

 Create a diverse, fully-engaged, learner-centric campus environment to provide

quality education to the students.

 Maintain mutually beneficial partnerships with our alumni, industry and

professional associations.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

VISION

 To produce smart and dynamic professionals with profound theoretical and

practical knowledge comparable with the best in the field.

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MISSION
 Produce hi-tech professionals in the field of Electrical and Electronics Engineering by inculcating
core knowledge.
Produce highly competent professionals with thrust on research.
 Provide personalized training to the students for enriching their skills.

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

 Graduates will have flourishing career in the core areas of electrical engineering and also allied
disciplines.
 Graduates will pursue higher studies in leading higher learning institutions.
 Graduates will provide suitable electrical engineering solutions to resolve energy related issues.
 Graduates will practice ethics and have habit of continuous learning for their success in the
chosen career.

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

After the successful completion of the B.E. Electrical and Electronics Engineering degree
programme, the students will be able to:

 PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

 PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

 PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.

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 PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

 PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.

 PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant
to the professional engineering practice.

 PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for
sustainable development.

 PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.

 PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

 PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.

 PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

 PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

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 PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

 The following are the Program Specific Outcomes of Engineering Students:

 PSO1: Product development and management: To keep abreast of new developments by

applying knowledge on the theory and practices in the field of electrical power engineering

 PSO2: Scientific quality product: To adapt and apply relevant techniques, resources and
emerging Engineering and IT tools for developing quality products in scientific and business
applications.

 PSO3: Research oriented innovative ideas and methods: To apply the knowledge acquired
from research and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation
of data and synthesis of information for arriving significant conclusion.

ABSTRACT

In order to maintain the steady flow of vehicles when their numbers

are increasing by leaps and bound each day, an efficient controlling of traffic is
extremely required. This work provides a simple schematic model with which
a very basic level of safe unmanned traffic signaling with pedestrian crossing
request has been accomplished by using simple electronics circuits without the
help of computer programs. The work also illustrates the design, the outputs
and test cases used to implement the model. At the end the scope of
improvement of the model has been discussed.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENT PG.NO
ABSTRACT S.no Figures Pg.no.
TABLE OF CONTENTS1 Block Diagram 10
LIST OF FIGURES 2 Battery 11
CHAPTER I 3 Resistor 11
4 Introduction
Capacitor 12
CHAPTER II 5 Diode 12
6 Methodology
IC555 timer 12
7 IC4017
IC555 TIMER 13
8 LEDIC4017 13
CHAPTER III 9 Bread board 14
Results
CHAPTER IV
Conclusion
REFERENCES

LIST OF FIGURES

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
Traffic Lights are used to control the vehicular traffic. In the modern era, everyone
has different types of vehicles resulting in rise to the numbers of vehicles. That’s
why traffic lights are mandatory to avoid the traffic jams and accidents. There are
three lights in the traffic signal, having different message for the drivers. Red light
(upper one) asks the driver to yield at the intersection, green light (last one) gives
the driver free license to drive through the intersection whereas the yellow light
(middle one) alerts the driver to wait if the next light is red one or get ready to
go/turn the engine on if the green light is next.
Traffic light has proved to be an amazing way to stop the vehicular collisions and
control the traffic jams in today’s modern era where everyone owns the different
types of vehicular.

CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY

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This traffic light is made with the help of counter IC, which is mainly used for
Sequential Circuits. We can also call it as Sequential Traffic Lights. Sequential
Circuits are used to count the numbers in the series. Coming to the working
principle of Traffic Lights, the main IC is 4017 counter IC which is used to glow the
Red, yellow and green LED respectively. 555 timer acts as a pulse generator
providing an input to the 4017 counter IC. Timing of glow of certain lights totally
depends upon the 555 timer’s pulse, which we can control via the Potentiometer so
if you want to change the time of glow, you can do so by varying the potentiometer,
having the responsibility for the timing. LEDs are not connected directly with 4017
counter, as the lights won’t be stable. We have used the combination of 1N4148
diodes and the LEDs in order to get the appropriate output. Main drawback of this
circuit is that you can never have an exact timing with this, however you will have
best estimated.

BLOCK DIAGRAM :

Components Used:
There are quite a few components, which we will be using to make our
Traffic Light Control System. Following is the list of the components.
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  Battery – 9Volt
 Resistors -100K, 22K and 330 ohm
 Capacitors -1µF, 10µF and 2.2mF
 Six 1N4148 diodes
 555 timer IC (As a pulse generator)
 4017 IC counter (Main IC of the circuit)
 1M Potentiometer (Controls the timing of pulse generated by 555 timer)
 Red, yellow and green LEDs. (Output)

BATTERY:

The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is a common size of battery that was introduced for the early
transistor radios. It has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized snap connector at
the top. This type is commonly used in walkie-talkies, clocks and smoke detectors.

RESISTORS:

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A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit
element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide
voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses

CAPACITORS:

A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic
component with two terminals. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance.

DIODE:

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A regular 1N4148 silicon diode has a forward drop of about 0.65V, quite a bit when supplies are 2.3V.The
Schottky diode has a much lower voltage drop. It's usually specified as 0.3,0.4V, but it really depends on
the amount of current passed through it.

IC555 TIMER:

The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and oscillator
applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element.
Derivatives provide two or four timing circuits in one package.

IC4017:

IC 4017 is a digital counter plus decoder circuit. The clock pulses generated at the output of IC 555 timer
(PIN-3) is given as an input to IC 4017 through PIN-14. Whenever a clock pulse is received at the clock
input of IC 4017 counter, the counter increments the count and activates the corresponding output PIN

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LED:

LED stands for "light emitting diode." A diode is an electrical component with two terminals which
conduct the electricity only in one direction. With an electrical current, the diode emits a bright light
around the small bulb.

BREAD BOARD:

breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. Originally the word referred to a literal
bread board, a polished piece of wood used for slicing bread. In the 1970s the solderless breadboard
became available and nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to these.

CHAPTER 5

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

The rhythm is initiated by delaying either of the one shot manually by 5 seconds
approximately so that when one would reach green, the other signal would be red.The normal rhythm of
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lights continues to glow until a pedestrian arrives at any one direction of the cross-road and breaks the
circuit. With this model, the pedestrian is given 5 seconds to cross the road after which the normal
rhythm will start again. The pedestrian should use the circuit breaker only when the signal is green,
preferably at the 4th count of green, in this case because of some constrain in the design.

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION:
A traffic light control system based on 555 timer circuit has been designed. The novelty of this
design includes the facility of Pedestrian Pass as and when required. The little defect in the proposed
model can be overcome in such a way so that any time a pedestrian presses the switch for crossing, the
initial rhythm remains unperturbed. Also, logic can be provided for the case in which two pedestrians use
the circuit breaker simultaneously at both the cross.

CHAPTER 7
REFERENCE:

1. Traffic light project of the electronics club

(www.kpsec.freeuk.com/projects/trafficlight.htm)
2. A.Malvino, Electronic Principles, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.
3. CMOS Integrated Circuit Data Book, National
Semiconductor Corporation.

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