Computational Thinking

The Road to be a Good Software Developer

Oleh:
Trihastuti Yuniati, S.Kom., M.T.
Latar Belakang [1]

• Komputer yang semula “main frame” (berukuran sangat

besar, kapasitas memori kecil) dan hanya digunakan untuk
perhitungan scientific, saat ini hadir dimana-mana untuk
berbagai keperluan.
• Kehadiran smartphone, komputer, social media, virtual
reality, IoT mengubah cara pandang, bisnis dan gaya hidup
manusia.
• Inovasi baru banyak bermunculan. Bekerja di bidang apapun
memerlukan “informatika”.

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Latar Belakang [2]

• Industry 4.0 dimana banyak pekerjaan repetitif akan

digantikan oleh robot.
• Banyak kebutuhan “software developer” baik di dalam
maupun luar negeri, namun sedikit yang memenuhi syarat.
• Industry 4.0 tidak akan menghapus profesi software
developer.

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 Menjadi apa ?

SW Developer ?

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 Helpdesk Sales & Marketing GUI Designer
Data Entry Operator Multimedia Desainer
IT Auditor
Webmaster IT CIO
Web Administrator Guru/Dosen TI
Web Content Manager Profession Instruktur TI

System Integrator Software Architect Software QA/tester

Data Architect Software Engineer
Business Analyst
Chief Programmer
System Analyst Project Manager
Programmer
Data Analyst Data Scientist Database Administrator
Network Administrator System Security Manager
Server Administrator System Engineer Hardware Engineer
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 The PISA is a worldwide
exam administered
every three years that
measures 15-year-olds
in 72 countries.
About 540,000 students
took the exam in 2015.
https://www.oecd.org/pisa/
https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisa-2015-
results-in-focus.pdf
https://www.oecd.org/pisa/PISA-2015-
Indonesia.pdf

http://www.cgdev.org/blog/need-
pivot-learning-new-data-adult-
skills-indonesia

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 https://www.oecd.org/pisa/

Capaian Indonesia pada tes pisa

Dibandingkan dengan test 2013
ini, ranking Indonesia pada pisa
2015 sudah membaik

Tahun 2013

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21-st Century Learner
Universitas akan menghilang ?

Indian Boy just 13 Year Old. Hired by Google at a package of 1.25 million per annum…
 Kurikulum Informatika Tingkat SMA
UNESCO ACM
Basic Concepts of ICT Computer Organization
Managing Files Information systems
Software Applications Networks
Social and ethical issues Digital Representation of information
Spreadsheet design Information organization
Database Design Modeling and abstraction
Modeling and simulation Algorithmic thinking and programming
Robots Universality
Elements of programming Limitation of information technology
Software development Societal impact of IT
Top down program design
https://csta.acm.org/Curriculum/sub/CurrResources.html
https://csta.acm.org/Curriculum/sub/CurrFiles/K-12ModelCurr2ndEd.pdf
https://csta.acm.org/Curriculum/sub/CurrFiles/L1-Objectives-and-Outlines.pdf
https://csta.acm.org/Curriculum/sub/CurrFiles/L2-Objectives-and-Outlines.pdf
https://csta.acm.org/Curriculum/sub/CurrFiles/L3-Objectives-and-Outlines.pdf
https://csta.acm.org/Curriculum/sub/CurrFiles/CASUKComputingCurric.pdf
http://www.exploringcs.org/
http://scratched.media.mit.edu/resources/scratch-curriculum-guide-draft
http://www.bootstrapworld.org/
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 National Curricula
Germany National Curricula
Information and Data Austria National Curricula
Algorithms Problem and strategy Lithuania
Language and automata Hardware Algorithms
Information system Software Program structure
Informatics and society Outline of problem oriented Variables, Data types and
programming language structures, Assignment
Introduction to Operating statement, Relational and
system logical operators, if
Working with application statement, loops,
software compound statement,
Di Indonesia: Application areas and procedure and function
Materi tsb baru diajarkan di computers parameters, recursion
Perguruan Tinggi Change of life through ICT Control data and
Mew trends and technology correctness of program
Programming style and
culture ommentary
Algorithmic thinking
Top-down program design
Social impact of IT
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 https://www.csteachers.org/page/standards
https://k12cs.org/

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 http://k12cs.org

Last updated on October 19, 2016

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 Learner Standards
• Empowered learner
• Digital citizen
• Knowledge constructor
• Innovative Designer
• Computational Thinker
• Creative Communicator
• Global Collaborator
http://www.iste.org/standards

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 By 2020, one of every
two jobs in the
‘‘STEM’’ fields will be
in computing
(ACM pathways
report 2013)

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 21 st Century Learning
http://www.p21.org/

Four Cs of 21st Century Learning:

Collaboration.
Communication.
Critical thinking.
Creativity.

SCAN Fundamental Skills - 2001

[http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/chang/sped/scanskills.html]
Basic Skills: reading, writing, arithmetic/ mathematics, listening and speaking.
IF61
Thinking Skills: creative thinking, decision making, problem solving, seeing things in the mind’s eyes,
1041
learning how to learn, reasoning 2/TH
Personal Qualities: responsibility, self-esteem, sociability, self-management, integrityY/1/2
and honesty
019-
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Computational Thinking
 Informatics (CS) versus ICT

• Informatics (Computer Science) is concerned with

designing and creating informatics ‘products’ and
‘tools’, such as: algorithms, programs, application
software, systems, methods, theorems, computers, …

• ICT – applications of CS (computing) – concentrates on

how to use and apply informatics and other information
technology tools in working with information;
can be also creative

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 Google Support for Computational Thinking

https://www.google.com/edu/resources/programs/exploring-computational-thinking/
https://computationalthinkingcourse.withgoogle.com/course?use_last_location=true

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 Computational Thinking
• Originally used by Seymour
Papert, MIT, in Mindstorms:
Children, computers, and
powerful ideas, Basic Books Inc.
1980.

• Popularized by Jeanette M. Wing

(2006) Computational Thinking.
Communications of the ACM,
49(3), 33-35.

http://research-srv.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/events/asiafacsum2012/day1/Jeannette_Wing.pdf
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 Computational Thinking
“Computational Thinking is the thought
processes involved in formulating problems and
their solutions so that the solutions are
represented in a form that can be effectively
carried out by an information-processing agent.”
Jeanette M. Wing
Carnegie Mellon
University
J. Cuny, L. Snyder, and J. M. Wing. Demystifying
Computational Thinking for Non-Computer Scientists,
2010

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20
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_thinking

Generalization/Abstraction
Decomposition
Algorithm

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 Computational Thinking
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/topics/z7tp34j

Four key techniques (cornerstones) to CT:

decomposition - breaking down a complex
problem or system into smaller, more
manageable parts
abstraction – focusing on the important
information only, ignoring irrelevant detail
algorithms - developing a step-by-step solution
to the problem, or the rules to follow to solve
the problem
pattern recognition – looking for similarities
among and within problems

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 Computational Thinking:
Operational definition for K-12 education

Computational thinking (CT) is a problem-solving process

that includes (but is not limited to) the following characteristics:
• Formulating problems in a way that enables us to use a computer and other
tools to help solve them
• Logically organizing and analyzing data
• Representing data through abstractions such as models and simulations
• Automating solutions through algorithmic thinking (a series of ordered steps)
• Identifying, analyzing, and implementing possible solutions with the goal
of achieving the most efficient and effective combination of steps and resources
• Generalizing and transferring this problem solving process to a wide
variety of problems

ISTE and CSTA, 2011

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 CT Concept, Capability Informatics
Data collection Find a data source for a problem area
Data analysis Write a program to do basic statistical calculations on a set of data

Data representation Use data structures such as array, linked list, stack, queue, graph, hash table
Problem decomposition Define objects and methods; define main and functions
Abstraction Use procedures to encapsulate a set of often repeated commands that
perform a function; use conditionals, loops, recursion,
Algorithms & procedures Study classic algorithms; implement an algorithm for a problem area
Automation Run programs
Parallelization Threading, pipelining, dividing up data or task in such a way to be processed
in parallel
Simulation Algorithm animation, parameter sweeping
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