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Ddesian Triad

Sir Patrick Geddes was an influential Scottish biologist, sociologist, and pioneering town planner. He is known for developing the Geddesian Triad, which emphasized the organic relationship between a location's people, their work, and their place. Geddes believed that planning decisions should be based on a thorough regional survey to understand the area's geography, environment, and society. He established the world's first sociological laboratory, the Outlook Tower, to conduct regional analyses and surveys. Geddes made important contributions to urban planning through his work improving various cities, establishing academic programs, and developing new concepts still used today such as "conurbation."

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Pragnyaraj Bisoyi
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992 views2 pages

Ddesian Triad

Sir Patrick Geddes was an influential Scottish biologist, sociologist, and pioneering town planner. He is known for developing the Geddesian Triad, which emphasized the organic relationship between a location's people, their work, and their place. Geddes believed that planning decisions should be based on a thorough regional survey to understand the area's geography, environment, and society. He established the world's first sociological laboratory, the Outlook Tower, to conduct regional analyses and surveys. Geddes made important contributions to urban planning through his work improving various cities, establishing academic programs, and developing new concepts still used today such as "conurbation."

Uploaded by

Pragnyaraj Bisoyi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Planning Theory- Geddesian Triad by Sir Patrick Geddes

Sir Patrick Geddes Theory is self-explanatory. Geddes was thinking about the relation between people and
the places and their impacts on each other e.g. sociology. He mentioned that people may not just need to
have a good shelter, but they also do have a need for food, work, and some social life. They also need some
entertainment. He founded the concept and mechanism of the city survey and regional survey. The planning
of the town exactly meant creating organic relations among the people, place and the work that parallels to
a triad. He was very intelligent and was also known as a father of modern town planning. He did most of his
primary work in the old town of Edinburgh.

Key Ideas- The design of a different view- His call for a different view of the life needs more attention these days.
He thought that there is also a bigger view of the life and nature, a reconstruction of the checking into the
production. Like this blend of knowledge and the activity that implants economic and social reflections nicely
into the knowledge of logical limits of the hemisphere will truly be parallel to each other with convalescence
of the arts as well as sciences. There will be a reformed perspective that will give guidance about the research
and the coordination. He said that even planning decisions need to be based on the perfect regional survey
that established a stock of flora, fauna, and geology of a region.

Contribution- In the early 20th century, they employed the residents of the old town in a shared clean-up of
their nearby place and started the very first reading hall for students. He also started a sociological laboratory
and a center for the education on the regional level. He used to call it as outlook tower. He also established
the Ramsay Gardens near the castle esplanade, and also took over the charge of the Botany at University
College. This is where he started the first international academic summer school in the UK and the Geddesian
triad. He was an academic scholar who could not be curbed to a single flow. He could not focus properly on
theory or the practical. He was also a philosopher who co-ordinated well between various roles. He was an all-
rounder. He could perform all the roles well. He has a good social image. He did the regional planning in the
most systematic manner. He had a very positive approach to the civic activity that concentrated the
requirement of the integration of humanity in some particular conditions of the area.

The word “conurbation” was also invented by Patrick Geddes. He wrote one book by the name Cities in
Evolution in which he did this invention. Generally, the word “urban agglomeration” is being used to get the
same meaning as conurbation. He gave good attention to the capacity of a new technique of electric power
and the motor-powered transport to permit the cities to spread and coordinate together.

The conurbation is an area that has different towns, cities and some urban regions that through which the
growth of the population have combined from one developed area. In many of the cases, a conurbation is a
place in which the transportation is developed well in order to link main places in order to create a good labor
market. A metropolitan region can be explained by the Census Bureau or it may include a central city and the
suburbs too. A conurbation is made up of many side by side metropolitan regions those are linked with each
other by urbanization.

Now that tower is house to the Patrick Geddes Centre for the planning where exhibitions take place all over
the year. Many people come here to see the exhibitions.

He was first to link sociological concepts into town planning. “Survey before plan” i.e. diagnosis before
treatment. Rural development, Urban Planning and City Design are not the same and adopting a common
planning process is disastrous. He gave his expert advice for the improvement of about 18 major towns in
India.
Outlook Tower-A tool for regional analysis, index museum and the ‘world’s first sociological laboratory’. It
represents the essence of Geddes’s thought ‐ his holism, visual thinking, and commitment to understanding
the city in the region. He said of it: ‘Our greatest need today is to conceive life as a whole, to see its many
sides in their proper relations, but we must have a practical as well as a philosophic interest in such an
integrated view of life’. Now the tower is home to the Patrick Geddes Centre for Planning Studies, where an
archive and exhibition are housed.

1. 1854 ‐ 1932=Patrick Geddes


2. 1886-Settled In Edinburgh
3. 1892- Outlook Tower ‐ World’s First Sociological Observatory
4. 1911- Exhibition On Cities And Town Planning
5. 1915-Published Cities In Evolution
6. 1920-23- Professor Of Civics And Sociology In University Of Bombay

The sequence of planning is to be: These are to be kept constantly up to‐date.

 Regional survey
 Rural development
 Town planning
 City design

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