Scribd
Upload
181 views6 pages

Experiment 1

This experiment measured the electrical conductivity of NaOH solutions at different temperatures and concentrations to develop an empirical model relating conductivity to these parameters. Conductivity measurements were taken for 0.04M and 0.08M NaOH solutions while varying the temperature. The results were plotted and calculations were done to determine coefficients in the linear model relating conductivity to concentration and temperature change. The experiment confirmed that conductivity increases with both increasing concentration and temperature as predicted.

Uploaded by

Huda Amir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
181 views6 pages

Experiment 1

This experiment measured the electrical conductivity of NaOH solutions at different temperatures and concentrations to develop an empirical model relating conductivity to these parameters. Conductivity measurements were taken for 0.04M and 0.08M NaOH solutions while varying the temperature. The results were plotted and calculations were done to determine coefficients in the linear model relating conductivity to concentration and temperature change. The experiment confirmed that conductivity increases with both increasing concentration and temperature as predicted.

Uploaded by

Huda Amir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Experiment no.

1:
Empirical Model for Correlating Electrical Conductivity with
Temperature and Concentration
Objective:
To build an empirical model for correlating electrical conductivity of a solution with temperature
and concentration.

Abstract:
The purpose of this experiment was to develop an empirical model that will exhibit the relation
of conductivity with temperature and concentration. So in this experiment we will measure the
conductivity of NaOH solution at different concentrations and temperatures and in the end we
will relate conductivity with these two parameters and we will see that how these parameters do
affect the conductivity of a solution.

Introduction:
This experiment is quiet simple to perform. As our main concern in this experiment is to measure
the electrical conductivity, so for this purpose we will use conductivity meter. The CDH221 is
ideal for quality control, agricultural industry, water conditioning, beverage, fish hatcheries,
laboratory, universities and many other Industrial applications. These microprocessor based
digital meters are rugged, portable units which are able to recognize and compensate for
electrode offset and slope. [1]

Figure 1: conductivity meter


Conductivity is a measure of the concentration of ions in solution. We can measure the
conductivity of a solution in the beaker. The conductivity is proportional to the current that flows
between the electrodes. For current to flow, ions must be present in solution to carry the charge
from one electrode to another. Increasing the number of ions in solution will increase the amount
of charge that can be carried between electrodes and will increase the conductivity. The units
microSiemens(uS) and milliSiemens (mS) are most commonly used to describe the conductivity
of aqueous solutions.

For conducting liquids, an increase in a solution’s temperature of electrolytic solutions (or


liquids) will cause a decrease in its viscosity and an increase in the mobility of the ions in
solution. An increase in temperature may also cause an increase in the number of ions in solution
due to dissociation of molecules. As the conductivity of a solution is dependent on these factors
then an increase in the solution’s temperature will lead to an increase in its conductivity. [2]

We will proof both of these theories in this experiment. As we are using NaOH solution for
correlating the conductivity with temperature and concentration and for NaOH, following linear
model is used to demonstrate the conductivity. [3]

λA = KO[1 + α (T-TO)] CA

λA = KOCA + KO CA α (T-TO)

Apparatus:
 beaker
 Glass thermometer
 Conductivity meter
 Digital weight balance
 Heating plate

Reagents:
 Distilled water
 Sodium hydroxide

Procedure:
 First of all, we have prepared two solutions of 0.04 and 0.08M solutions.
 Next we measured the temperature of solution of 0.04M that was 180C. We will take it as
initial temperature.
 Then we measured the conductivity of solution with the help of conductivity meter.
 We then increased the temperature to 30C and measured the conductivity again.
 Similarly we measured conductivities at further higher temperatures, each with the
difference of 30C.
 Same procedure was followed for the solution of 0.08M
 For 0.08M, the initial temperature was 170C.

Figure 2: experimental work

Results:
For 0.08M

TO = 290 K

S. No. Temperature (K) T-TO (K) λA (mS) λA (Siemens)


1. 293 3 7.6 0.0076
2. 296 6 8.3 0.0083
3. 299 9 9.1 0.0091
4. 302 12 8.1 0.0081
5. 305 15 8.2 0.0082
Table 1

For 0.04M

TO = 291 K
S. No. Temperature (K) T-TO (K) λA (mS) λA (Siemens)
294 3 11 0.011
1.
2. 297 6 11.6 0.0116
3. 300 9 11.0 0.011
4. 303 12 11.9 0.0119
5. 306 15 12.5 0.0125
Table 2

Calculations:
To find out the conductivity we will use the following equation:

λA = KOCA + KO CA α (T-TO) (1)

where, λA is conductivity.

By comparing (1) with y = mx + c, we have:

m = KO CA α, (2)

c = KOCA (3)

And α = m/( KOCA)

Calculation for 0.08M:

From graph we can see that

m = 0.00003

c = 0.008

so, KO = 0.1 by (3)

α = m/( KOCA) = 3.75 E -3

Sr. no. Theoretical conductivities ( Siemens)


λA = KOCA + KO CA α (T-TO)
1. 0.00809
2. 0.00818
3. 0.00827
4. 0.00836
5. 0.00845
Table 3
Calculation for 0.04M:

From graph we can see that

m = 0.000

c = 0.010

so, KO = 0.25 by (3)

α = m/( KOCA) = 0.000

Sr. no. Theoretical conductivities ( Siemens)


λA = KOCA + KO CA α (T-TO)
1. 0.01
2. 0.01
3. 0.01
4. 0.01
5. 0.01
Table 4

Graphs:
For 0.08M

Figure 3: graph for 0.08 M


For 0.04M

Figure 4: Graph for 0.04M

Conclusion:
In this experiment we have seen the effect of concentration and temperature on conductivity of a
solution. We have calculated the conductivity experimentally as well as theoretically and
approximately we have got the same results. Conductivity was increased with increase in
concentration. Also conductivity had a direct relation with temperature. So in this experiment we
have concluded that the relation of electrical conductivity of a solution with temperature and
concentration is direct.

Precautions:
Wear lab coat and latex gloves. Also handle all the equipments with great care.

References:
 [1] https://www.omega.com/pptst/CDH221_CDH222.html
 [2] https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/effect-temperature-conductivity-resistance-
462539
 [3] Lab manual

You might also like