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    09022018094950-Retrogressive Metamorphosis in Herdmania

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    Baikuntha Sabar
    The document discusses retrogressive metamorphosis in the life cycle of Herdmania, a type of urochordate animal. The Herdmania tadpole larva displays chordate features like a notochord and nerve cord. During metamorphosis, the larva attaches to the substrate and undergoes changes where the tail, notochord, and other larval structures reduce in size. The adult structures like a complex digestive system and neural ganglion develop, resulting in a less advanced adult form compared to the larval stage.

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    09022018094950-Retrogressive Metamorphosis in Herdmania

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    Baikuntha Sabar
    8K views5 pages
    The document discusses retrogressive metamorphosis in the life cycle of Herdmania, a type of urochordate animal. The Herdmania tadpole larva displays chordate features like a notochord and nerve cord. During metamorphosis, the larva attaches to the substrate and undergoes changes where the tail, notochord, and other larval structures reduce in size. The adult structures like a complex digestive system and neural ganglion develop, resulting in a less advanced adult form compared to the larval stage.

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    The document discusses retrogressive metamorphosis in the life cycle of Herdmania, a type of urochordate animal. The Herdmania tadpole larva displays chordate features like a notochord and nerve cord. During metamorphosis, the larva attaches to the substrate and undergoes changes where the tail, notochord, and other larval structures reduce in size. The adult structures like a complex digestive system and neural ganglion develop, resulting in a less advanced adult form compared to the larval stage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8K views5 pages

    09022018094950-Retrogressive Metamorphosis in Herdmania

    Uploaded by

    Baikuntha Sabar
    The document discusses retrogressive metamorphosis in the life cycle of Herdmania, a type of urochordate animal. The Herdmania tadpole larva displays chordate features like a notochord and nerve cord. During metamorphosis, the larva attaches to the substrate and undergoes changes where the tail, notochord, and other larval structures reduce in size. The adult structures like a complex digestive system and neural ganglion develop, resulting in a less advanced adult form compared to the larval stage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    RETROGRESSIVE METAMORPHOSIS IN HERDMANIA

    The type of metamorphosis, where highly advanced larval form ends in a lowly organised
    adult is called retrogressive metamorphosis. This is observed in the life history of
    Urochordate animals. The phenomenon is explained with reference to Herdmania.

    ORGANISATION OF HERDMANIA TADPOLE LARVA:

    Herdmania is a hermaphrodite animal. The fertilised eggs undergo holoblastic unequal


    clevage and it develops into blastula. It shows upper micromeres and lower macromeres. By
    invagination of the macromeres, gastrulation takes place and gastrula is formed. This gastrula
    develops into a tailed larva called Ascidian Tadpole larva.

    The larva is 3 about in length. It has short oval body and a long tail.

    This larva shows all the chordate features.

    1) The body is covered by thin test.

    2) The tail is long and shows a tail fin or caudal fin.

    3) The tail is supported by notochord. Hence it comes under urochordata.

    4) On the dorsal side above the notochord hollow nerve cord is present. This nerve cord is
    enlarged at the anterior end as a cerebral vesicle. In the cerebral vesicle pigmented eye spot is
    present. Statocyst is also present. They work as sense organs.

    5) On either side of the notochord in the tail region muscles are present which are helpful in
    the locomotion.
    6) On the trunk region digestive system is present. It shows large pharynx with few gills slits.
    They open into atrium. On the mid ventral floor of the pharynx an endostyle is present.

    7) Atrium opens out through atriopore.

    8) Below the pharynx on the ventral side a muscular heart is present.

    9) On the anterior end of the trunk three adhesive papillae are present These are very much
    useful to attach the larva to the substratum

    This Herdmania tadpole larva shows all chordate characters. This larvae ‘undergoes
    retrogressive’ metamorphosis and develops into adult Herdmania.

    Changes during Metamorphosis:

    Fixation of the larva: The larva swims for some time without feeding. It is fixed to a sub-
    stratum with the help of the adhesive papillae. It stands erect with the tail upwards. Then it
    undergoes retrogressive metamorphosis.

    1.Notochord, nerve cord muscles and tail will be reduced. All the above structures will help
    the larva to swim freely in the water. But they are not useful to the sedentary adult

    2.. The alimentary canal becomes complicated. The pharynx en larges in size. The number of
    gill slits will increase by divisions. The stomach and intestine will grow.

    3. The nervous system is reduced and the anterior part of nervous system is developed into a
    small neural ganglion attached to it neural gland is present.

    4. The atrial cavity enlarges into a sac like structure.

    5. The eyespot and statocyst will completely disappear.

    6. Gonads develop from mesencyme.


    When these changes are taking place, the region between the adhesive papillae and mouth
    grows very rapidly. At the same time the growth of the dorsal region is stopped. Because of
    this, the body rotates through 1800 angle and mouth is brought to the top.

    ASSIGNMENT TOPICS:

    1. Retrogressive changes in the life history of Urochordates

    QUESTION BANK:

    1. Explain the process of retrogressive metamorphosis in Herdmania.


    SEMINAR TOPICS:

    1. Development of Adult Hedmania

    QUIZ QUESTIONS:

    1. The type of cleavage in Urochordates is –


    a. Holoblastic b. Meroblastic c. Discoidal d. Superficial
    2. In Urochordates, gastrulation takes place by -
    a. Involution b. Invagination c. Delamination d.Epiboly
    3. In herdmanian tadpole, tail is supported by -
    a. Muscles b. Notochord c. Both d. None
    4. The sensory organs of Hedmanian tadpole include --
    a. Statocyst b. eye spot c. Both d. None
    5. In ascidian tadpole, gonads develop from ----
    a. ectoderm b. endoderm c. mesoderm d. none
    6. In Herdmania, adhesive papillae are observed in — stage
    a. Adult only b. Larva only c. Both d. None
    7. In herdmania, metamorphosis is
    a. Progressive a. Retrogressive c. None d. can’t be said
    8. Angle of rotation during the metamorphosis of Herdmanian tadpole is –
    a. 900 b. 1800 c. 450 d. 1350
    9. All these parts undergo retrogression in the life cycle of Herdmania, except -
    a. Cerebral vesicle b. Notochord c. Gills d. Muscles
    10. Active tadpole of herdmania attaches itself to the substratum by –
    a. Mucus b. Adhesive papillae c. Resins d. Tail

    ANSWERS FOR QUIZ QUESTIONS:

    1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B

    REFERENCES:

    1. Vertebrates – by R.L.Kotpal, Rastogi Publications, Meerut. 8/e, 2011


    2. Zoology ( Chordates) – Andhra Pradesh Telugu Academy, 1/e, 2011
    3. A Manual of Zoology (Part 2- Vertebrates) – by Ekambaranath Ayer, 3/e, 1973.
    WEB RESOURCES:

    1. http://www.freebookcentre.net/Biology/Zoology-Books.html
    2. https://archive.org/details/InvertebrateZoology
    3. http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/Departments/InvertZoo/
    4. https://www.slideshare.net/
    5. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/onlinedictinvertzoology/
    6. www.academia.edu
    7. www.youtube.com
    8. www.wikipedia.org

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