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Experiment No.: Objective

The objective of the experiment is to determine the mechanical power produced by a Pelton wheel turbine. Water from a reservoir passes through a nozzle that increases its kinetic energy and directs it as jets onto the splitter and buckets of the Pelton wheel turbine. This causes the turbine to rotate and convert the hydraulic energy of the water into mechanical energy. Variables like torque, power, speed, and efficiency are measured at different loads on the turbine. Characteristic curves are plotted between moment vs speed, power vs speed, and efficiency vs speed to analyze the turbine's performance.

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Abdul Ghani
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245 views4 pages

Experiment No.: Objective

The objective of the experiment is to determine the mechanical power produced by a Pelton wheel turbine. Water from a reservoir passes through a nozzle that increases its kinetic energy and directs it as jets onto the splitter and buckets of the Pelton wheel turbine. This causes the turbine to rotate and convert the hydraulic energy of the water into mechanical energy. Variables like torque, power, speed, and efficiency are measured at different loads on the turbine. Characteristic curves are plotted between moment vs speed, power vs speed, and efficiency vs speed to analyze the turbine's performance.

Uploaded by

Abdul Ghani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

Objective:

To determine the mechanical power produced by the pelton wheel turbine.

Equipment Required:

In order to complete the demonstration of the pelton wheel Turbine we need a number of pieces of
equipment

 Hydraulics Bench
 Pelton wheel Turbine

Apparatus Overview:

The Demonstration Pelton wheel Turbine unit is designed for training and experimentation. It is used for
demonstration purposes relating to the principle of functioning of a Pelton wheel turbine. The orifice of
the injection nozzle can be altered by axial adjustment of the nozzle valve. Load can be placed on the
turbine with an adjustable, mechanical braking device. The main parts of the Pelton wheel turbine are

1. Nozzle and flow regulating arrangement


2. Runner and bucket
3. Casing
4. Loading Device
1.Adjustable Breaking Device 2.Spring Balance
3.Pelton wheel 4. Turbine Housing
5.Outlet to open Housing 6. Nozzle outlet
7.Nozzle inlet 8. Nozzle Adjustment

Working of Pelton Wheel Turbine:

The water from the reservoir flows through the pump at the outlet of which a nozzle is fitted. The nozzle
increases the kinetic energy of the water flowing through the pipe by converting pressure energy into
kinetic energy. At the outlet of the nozzle, the water comes out in the form of jet and strikes on the
splitter, which splits up the jet into two parts. These parts of the jet glide over the inner surfaces and
come out at the outer edge. The buckets are shaped in such a way that buckets rotates, runner of
turbine rotates and thus hydraulic energy of water is converted into mechanical energy on the runner of
turbine which can be further converted into electrical energy in a generator/alternator.

Formulae

Torque:

Now the torque can be calculated by

T=Fb .r

r is radius of pulley= 25mm

Mechanical Power:

Mechanical Power can be calculated by

PM= (2πnT)/60

n is the speed of Pelton wheel in rpm

Hydraulic power:

The hydraulic power is a function of volumetric flow and fall height

Phyd = f (V.H)

Phyd = V.H.p.g

The measured fall height can be applied directly in the following formula in bar

Phyd = V.p

Efficiency η:

Efficiency = Shaft power/ Hyd. Power

η = Pout/Phyd.
Procedure:

1. Switch on the hydraulic bench pump.


2. Open the valve slowly so that water begins to flow through the turbine.
3. Adjust the flow rate in turbine by nozzle adjuster screw.
4. Load the turbine by turning the adjustment breaking device.
5. Note down the speed of turbine in rpm with the help of tachometer. Note down the breaking
power F.
Fb = F1 – F2

Results

Rotational Breaking Force Moment on Power on Hyd. Power Efficiency


Speed In rpm (N) Shaft (Nm) Shaft Pout (W) Phyd. (W) η
Turbine Characteristic Curves:

For the plotting turbine characteristic curves the nozzle is fully open, the fall height is kept at a constant.
Increase the load on the braking device in desired increments of .The volumetric flow V is almost
constant over the entire measurement series.

Graphical Representation:

Draw following Graphs between

1. Moment and rotational speed


2. Power and rotational speed
3. Efficiency and rotational speed

Comments:

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