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Ex 1 Basic Linux Commands

The document provides examples of using various Linux commands and their syntax. It covers basic commands like date, cal, echo; file and directory commands like cat, pwd, mkdir; filters and pipes like head, tail, grep; simple functions; basic tests on numbers, strings and files; loops to calculate factorials; patterns and substitutions; and expansions using braces and tilde. Each command is demonstrated with the command syntax and sample outputs. The document is testing and explaining Linux/Unix commands and their usage through examples.

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301047 ktr.it.17
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56 views11 pages

Ex 1 Basic Linux Commands

The document provides examples of using various Linux commands and their syntax. It covers basic commands like date, cal, echo; file and directory commands like cat, pwd, mkdir; filters and pipes like head, tail, grep; simple functions; basic tests on numbers, strings and files; loops to calculate factorials; patterns and substitutions; and expansions using braces and tilde. Each command is demonstrated with the command syntax and sample outputs. The document is testing and explaining Linux/Unix commands and their usage through examples.

Uploaded by

301047 ktr.it.17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EX NO: 1 COMMAND SYNTAX

a) VERIFY THE UNIX BASIC COMMANDS

COMMAND1: DATE
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ date
Wed Jul 18 10:14:54 EDT 2007

COMMAND2: CAL
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ cal 11 2010
November 2010
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30

COMMAND3: ECHO
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ echo "Good Morning"
Good Morning

COMMAND4: WHO AM I
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ who am i
kavitha pts/1 2007-07-18 09:38 (131.30.50.57)

COMMAND5: WHO

COMMAND6: CLEAR
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ clear

b) FILE AND DIRECTORY COMMANDS


COMMAND1: CAT
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ cat > test
Welcome to Prathyusha
Good Morning
Have a Nice Day
[kavitha@localhost ~]$

COMMAND2: PWD
[kavitha@localhost shell]$ pwd
/home/kavitha/shell

COMMAND3: MKDIR
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls
cpgm shell test
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ mkdir dir1
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls
cpgm dir1 shell test

COMMAD4: RMDIR
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ rmdir dir1
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls
cpgm shell test

COMMAND5: CD
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ cd shell
[kavitha@localhost shell]$

COMMAND6: CP
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ cp test new
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls
cpgm new shell test

COMMAND7: RM
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ rm new
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls
cpgm shell test

COMMAND8: LS
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls
cpgm shell test

COMMAND9: WC
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ cat test
Welcome to Prathyusha
Good Morning
Have a Nice Day
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ wc test
3 9 52 test
[kavitha@localhost ~]$
C) FILTERS AND PIPES

[kavitha@localhost ~]$ cat file


color
yellow
green
orange
gray
violet
pink
red
rose
blue
white
black
brown
cyan
meganta
silver
gold
maroon

COMMAND1: HEAD
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ head file
color
yellow
green
orange
gray
violet
pink
red
rose
blue

COMMAND2: TAIL
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ tail file
rose
blue
white
black
brown
cyan
meganta
silver
gold
maroon

COMMAND3: PAGE
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls -a\p
./ .bash_history .bash_profile cpgm/ file .kde/ test .zshrc
../ .bash_logout .bashrc .emacs .gtkrc shell/ .viminfo
[kavitha@localhost ~]$

COMMAND4: MORE
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ cat file
color
yellow
green
orange
gray
violet
pink
--More--(37%)

COMMAND5: GREP
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ grep a file
orange
gray
black
cyan
meganta
maroon

COMMAND6: SORT
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ sort file
black
blue
brown
color
cyan
gold
gray
green
maroon
meganta
orange
pink
red
rose
silver
violet
white
yellow
COMMAND7: PIPE
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ cat file | tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"
COLOR
YELLOW
GREEN
ORANGE
GRAY
VIOLET
PINK
RED
ROSE
BLUE
WHITE
BLACK
BROWN
CYAN
MEGANTA
SILVER
GOLD
MAROON
[kavitha@localhost ~]$

COMMAND8: TR
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]"
Good Morning
GOOD MORNING
[kavitha@localhost ~]$

EX NO: 2 SIMPLE FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION1: list()
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ list() { ls; }
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ list
cpgm file new shell test

FUNCTION2: user()
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ user() { who am i; }
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ user
kavitha pts/1 2007-07-18 09:38 (131.30.50.57)
FUNCTION3: combine()
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ combine() { ls;pwd;cal; };
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ combine
cpgm file new shell test
/home/kavitha
July 2007
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31

EX NO: 3 BASIC TESTS

a) NUMERICAL TESTS

PROGRAM:
echo " enter Three numbers:"
read a b c
if [ $a -gt $b -a $a -gt $c ]
then
echo " $a is great "
elif [ $b -gt $a -a $b -gt $c ]
then
echo " $b is great"
else
echo " $c is greatest"
fi

OUTPUT:
[kavitha@localhost shell]$ sh great.sh
enter Three numbers:
234
4 is greatest

[kavitha@localhost shell]$ sh great.sh


enter Three numbers:
253
5 is great

[kavitha@localhost shell]$ sh great.sh


enter Three numbers:
753
7 is great
[kavitha@localhost shell]$

b) STRING TESTS

PROGRAM:
echo " enter the first string"
read str1
echo " enter the second string"
read str2
if [ $str1 == $str2 ]
then
echo " strings are equal"
else
echo " strings are not equal"
fi

OUTPUT:
[kavitha@localhost shell]$ sh string.sh
enter the first string
hi
enter the second string
hi
strings are equal

[kavitha@localhost shell]$ sh string.sh


enter the first string
hi
enter the second string
hello
strings are not equal
[kavitha@localhost shell]$

c) FILE TESTS

PROGRAM:
echo "Enter the filename: "
read filename
if [ -f $filename ]
then
echo " $filename exists"
else
echo " $filename does not exists"
fi

OUTPUT:
[kavitha@localhost shell]$ sh filetest.sh
Enter the filename:
great.sh
great.sh exists

[kavitha@localhost shell]$ sh filetest.sh


Enter the filename:
process.c
process.c does not exists

EX NO: 4 LOOPS

PROGRAM:
echo "Enter the value of n: "
read n
i=1
fact=1
while [ $i -le $n ]
do
fact=`expr $fact "*" $i`
i=`expr $i + 1`
done
echo "factorial of $n is: $fact "

OUTPUT:
[kavitha@localhost shell]$ sh fact.sh
Enter the value of n:
6
factorial of 6 is: 720

[kavitha@localhost shell]$ sh fact.sh


Enter the value of n:
8
factorial of 8 is: 40320

EX NO: 5 PATTERNS AND SUBSTITUTIONS

a) PATTERNS

[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls
cpgm file.sh new shell test1 test3 test5
file find.sh new.sh test test2 test4

PATTERN1: *
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls *.sh
file.sh find.sh new.sh

PATTERN2: ?
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls test?
test1 test2 test3 test4 test5

PATTERN3: [charcter1-character2]
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls test[1-3]
test1 test2 test3
b) SUBSTITUTIONS

SUBSTITUTION1: `command`
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls `pwd`
cpgm file.sh new shell test1 test3 test5
file find.sh new.sh test test2 test4

SUBSTITUTION2: &command
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls &pwd
[5] 3782
/home/kavitha
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ cpgm file.sh new shell test1 test3 test5
file find.sh new.sh test test2 test4

[5] Done ls --color=tty


[kavitha@localhost ~]$

EX NO: 6 EXPANSIONS

a) BRACE EXPANSION:
[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls
cpgm file.sh new shell test1 test3 test5
file find.sh new.sh test test2 test4

[kavitha@localhost ~]$ mkdir color

[kavitha@localhost ~]$ mkdir color/{red,green,blue}

[kavitha@localhost ~]$ ls
color file find.sh new.sh test test2 test4
cpgm file.sh new shell test1 test3 test5

[kavitha@localhost ~]$ cd color


[kavitha@localhost color]$ ls
blue green red
[kavitha@localhost color]$

b) TILDE EXPANSION
[kavitha@localhost color]$ ls
blue green red

[kavitha@localhost color]$ ls ~
color file find.sh new.sh test test2 test4
cpgm file.sh new shell test1 test3 test5

[kavitha@localhost color]$ ls ~+
blue green red

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