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    Psycho:: The Study of Relationships Between The

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    Nathan Haas
    The document discusses the key concepts in sensation and perception including the processes of transduction, attention, and sensory adaptation. It covers the major senses of vision, color perception, object perception, depth perception, and the development and individual differences in vision. Key theories discussed include psychophysics, signal detection theory, trichromatic theory, opponent process theory, and gestalt principles of perception.

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    Psycho:: The Study of Relationships Between The

    Uploaded by

    Nathan Haas
    32 views2 pages
    The document discusses the key concepts in sensation and perception including the processes of transduction, attention, and sensory adaptation. It covers the major senses of vision, color perception, object perception, depth perception, and the development and individual differences in vision. Key theories discussed include psychophysics, signal detection theory, trichromatic theory, opponent process theory, and gestalt principles of perception.

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    Notes on Sensation and perception form a psychology class

    Original Title

    Sensation and Perception

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    The document discusses the key concepts in sensation and perception including the processes of transduction, attention, and sensory adaptation. It covers the major senses of vision, color perception, object perception, depth perception, and the development and individual differences in vision. Key theories discussed include psychophysics, signal detection theory, trichromatic theory, opponent process theory, and gestalt principles of perception.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    32 views2 pages

    Psycho:: The Study of Relationships Between The

    Uploaded by

    Nathan Haas
    The document discusses the key concepts in sensation and perception including the processes of transduction, attention, and sensory adaptation. It covers the major senses of vision, color perception, object perception, depth perception, and the development and individual differences in vision. Key theories discussed include psychophysics, signal detection theory, trichromatic theory, opponent process theory, and gestalt principles of perception.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    - tSensation: bringing raw input(stimuli) into brain from sensory organs

    - Perception: brain’s interpretation of sensory information


    - Transduction: the process by which a sensation can be translated into an
    understandable neural signal
    - Attention: a narrow focus of awareness
    - Sensory Adaptation: tendency to pay less attention to a source of information that is
    not changing

    - Psychophysics: the study of relationships between the physical qualities of stimuli


    and the subjective responses they produce
    - Absolute Threshold: The smallest amount of stimulus that you can detect at least
    50% of the time
    - Difference Threshold: the smallest difference that can be detected between two
    stimuli at least 50% of the time
    - Signal Detection: two step process for determining if a stimulus is present or not
    - Intensity of the stimulus(absolute threshold)
    - Individual observers criteria for determining if the stimulus occurred

    - Vision: the sense that allows us to process reflected light


    - Rods: photoreceptors specialized to detect dim light
    - Cones: photoreceptors specialized to process color and fine detail
    - Fovea: area of the retina where vision is the clearest
    - Optic Nerve: the nerve exiting the retina of the eye
    Optic Nerve > Optic Chiasm > Optic Tracts > Thalamus > Occipital Lobe

    Color:
    - Trichromatic Theory: our color vision comes from the firing rates of the three types
    of cones in our eyes(Cones specialized to detect short, medium, and long wavelengths)
    - Colorblindness: Red-green deficiences are most common, happens more often
    for males
    - Opponent process theory: we have a red-green color channel and a blue-yellow color
    channel in which activation of one color in each pair inhibits the other color
    Both theories are correct, Trichromatic is at the level of rods and cones, OPT at the higher
    levels of analysis in the thalamus and cerebral cortex

    Object Perception:
    - Gestalt Psychology: “It is more correct to say that the whole is something else than
    the sum of its parts”
    - Figure-Ground: we divide a scene into a main figure and a background
    - Proximity: objects that are closer together tend to be grouped together
    - Similarity: similar stimuli will be grouped together
    - Continuity: we assume that the item continues, even when it is blocked
    - Closure: we see a complete, unbroken image even when there are gaps in the
    lines forming the image
    - Simplicity: we use the simplest solution to a perceptual problem

    Depth Perception:
    - Depth Perception: using the 2-D image projected on the retina to perceive
    three dimensions
    - Monocular Cues: need one eye to see
    - Linear Perspective: use of parallel lines that converge at the horizon
    - Texture: closer objects have more texture/detail
    - Shading/Highlights: suggest curved surfaces
    - Occlusion: distant objects are blocked by closer objects
    - Relative Size: if we know the size of an object, we can use that to judge
    its distance
    - Binocular Cues
    - Retinal Disparity: the differences between the images projected onto
    each eye
    - Helps us see relative distance between objects in our visual field
    - As distance increases, disparity increases

    Development of Vision:
    - Human infants see everything that adults see, but with less detail(prefer large, high-
    contrast objects)
    - As you get older, slower to change focus, iris muscles lose elasticity, lens begin to
    yellow

    Individual Differences:
    - Nearsighted occurs when eyeball is too long
    - Farsighted occurs when eyeball is too short
    - Astigmatism: the surface of the cornea is uneven

    Cultural Differences:
    - Individualistic vs. collectivistic cultures
    - Different cultures focus on images in different ways

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