2019-20, Semester I

Math 251
Assignment 1

True False Questions:

1. The system of linear equations with n unknowns and r number of equations has
infinite number of solutions if n>r.
1 2 3
2. The matrix [0 0 1] is in row echelon form.
0 1 0
3. If A and B are matrices of order 4x5 and 5x6 respectively, then the order of (A.B)T
will be 4x6.
1 2 3 1 2 2 4 3
4. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = ⌈ ⌉ then A+B=[ ].
2 1 9 2 1 4 2 9
5. The inverse of a square matrix cannot be determined unless its determinant is non-
zero.
6. The determinant of a 1x1 matrix A=[7] can not be determined.
7. The homogeneous system of linear equations AX=0 has a unique solution if the
inverse of coefficient matrix A exists.
8. If matrix L is obtained from matrix M by interchanging of two rows in M, then
|L|= -- |M|.
9. In a diagonal matrix, any main diagonal zero entry ensures the non-invertibility of this
matrix.
10. The order of AAT , where A is any matrix with any order, is always square.

Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. T F F F T F T T T T
Multiple Choice Questions:

1) The system of linear equation 3x+2y = 5

ax-by = 5
has infinite number of solutions if

(a) a=3, b=2 (b) a=-3, b=2 (c ) a=3, b=-2 (d) a=-3, b=-2

2) In Gaussian elimination method, we reduce the coefficient matrix A of the system

AX=B by elimination steps into

(a)diagonal matrix (b) Lower triangular (c ) upper triangular (d) identity matrix
matrix matrix

2 1 3 1
3) If 𝐴 = [ ],𝐵 = [ ] , then A+2BT=
1 −4 0 −1
8 3 8 −3 8 1 8 0
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c ) [ ] (d) [ ]
−1 2 1 2 3 −6 1 2
−2 6
4) The inverse of the matrix A=[ ] is
3 −9
2 −6 6 −2 (c ) 𝐶 (d) does not exists
(a) [ ] (b) [ ]
−3 9 −9 3
2 0 0 −1 0 0
5) If 𝐴 = [0 3 0] , 𝐵 = [ 0 2 0 ] then A.B=
0 0 4 0 0 −3
2 1 0 −2 0 0 1 0 0 (d) does not exists
(a) [0 3 2], (b) [ 0 6 0 ], (c ) [0 5 0],
0 0 4 0 0 −12 0 0 1

6) The transpose of a diagonal matrix is

(a) an upper (b) a lower (c ) a diagonal (d) all of the above

triangular matrix triangular matrix matrix

3 5 −9
7) The matrix A=[5 4 2 ] is symmetric, only if
𝑎 2 𝑏

(a) a=9, b=-3 (b) a=-9, b=3 (c ) a=9, b=3 (d) a=3, b=-9

3 1 0 9 0 0
8) If 𝐴 = [0 2 4] , B=[8 −2 0] , then A.BT is
0 0 9 2 0 1
 (a) an upper (b) a lower (c ) a diagonal (d) 54
triangular matrix triangular matrix matrix

1 2 −3
9) The trace of the matrix 𝐴 = [ ] is
4 −5 1

(a) -4 (b) 3 (c ) 2 (d) does not exists

1 2
10) If 𝐴 = [ ] , then A4=
0 1

4 16 1 4 1 8 1 16
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c ) [ ] (d) [ ]
0 4 0 1 0 1 0 1

Fill in the Blank:

1 0 0 1 0 0
1. If 𝐴 = [ ],𝐵 = [ ],𝐶 = [ ], then |A+B-CT |=…..
0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0
Solution: 𝐴 + 𝐵 − 𝐶 𝑇 = [ ], therefore |A+B-CT|=0
0 0
2 3 1
2. The determinant of the matrix 𝐴 = [1 0 1], equals …. if the determinant of the
4 4 4
matrix
2 3 1
𝐵 = [1 0 1], is -1.
1 1 1

Solution: Since the matrix B is obtained by just multiplying third row of A by scalar 4, so by
determinant property
|𝑩| = 𝟒. |𝑨| = 𝟒. (−𝟏) = −𝟒

3. Using Cramer’s rule, to find the value of the variable y in the following system of
linear equations:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 6
3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1,

Solution: The given system of linear equations can be written as AX=B, where
1 2 3
𝐴 = [3 −1 1 ]
2 2 −3
Here by the first row expansion, we have
|A|= 1(3-2)-2(-9-2)+3(6+2)=1+22+24=47
Using Cramer’s rule we know that
 |𝐴| |𝐴| |𝐴|
𝑥= , 𝑦= , 𝑧=
|𝐴1 | |𝐴2 | |𝐴3 |
Where
6 2 3 1 6 3 1 2 6
𝐴1 = [3 −1 1 ] , 𝐴2 = [3 3 1 ] , 𝐴3 = [3 −1 3]
1 2 −3 2 1 −3 2 2 1

|𝐴1 | = |𝐴2 | = |𝐴3 | = 47 (𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒).

Therefore
|𝐴| 47 |𝐴| 47 |𝐴| 47
𝑥= = = 1, 𝑦= = = 1, 𝑧= = =1
|𝐴1 | 47 |𝐴2 | 47 |𝐴3 | 47

2 0
4. The cofactor C22 of the matrix D, where D=A+B and 𝐴 = [ ],𝐵 =
0 1
3 −1
[ ] 𝑖𝑠 ….
4 2
2 0 3 −1 5 −1
Solution: Here 𝐷 = [ ] +[ ]=[ ]
0 1 4 2 4 3
Therefore, C22=(-1)2+2M22= M22=5

2 1 4 3 1 −1
5. The trace of the matrix C, where C=A.BT with 𝐴 = [ ], 𝐵 = [ ] is
3 0 6 0 1 4
…..
3 0
Solution: Transpose of matrix B, BT=[ 1 1].
−1 4
Now
3 0
2 1 4 3 17
C=A.BT=[ ][ 1 1]=[ ],
3 0 6 3 24
−1 4
Therefore,
trace of matrix C, tr(C)=3+24=27.

6. Every singular matrix has determinant equals…

Solution:
Since singular matrices are non-invertible, so its determinants is zero.

7. If the determinant of the matrix

1 −2 3
𝐴 = [4 5 6]
7 8 9

equals -24, then det(AT)=….

Solution:
Since |A|=|AT|=24.
 8. If the determinant of a square matrix A of order 4 is 25, then the determinant of 2A
i.e. |2A|=…
Solution: Since |A|=25, and order of A is 4, so
|2A|=24.|A|=16x25=400.

1 34 90
9. Find the trace of the matrix 𝐴 = [5 2 9]?
8 6 3
Sol: tr(A)=1+2+3=6

1 1 2
10. For matrix 𝐴 = [5 4 9], find the minor M22 and cofactor C23.
6 3 4
1 2
Sol: 𝑀21 = | |=4-6=-2
3 4
1 0 0
11. Find the determinant of the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = [0 2 0].
0 0 3
1/1 0 0
Sol: 𝐴−1 = [ 0 1/2 0 ].
0 0 1/3
So, 𝐴−1 =1/(1x2x3)=1/6

Matching Question:

Using Gaussian elimination method, find the value of the variable x in the following system
of linear equations:
𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 6
2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 8
−3𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 8𝑧 = −5,

Solution: Given That

𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 6 (1)
2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 8 (2)
−3𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 8𝑧 = −5, (3)
Eliminate x with the help of equation (1) from eq (2) and (3) by following operations
(2)→ -2x(1)+(2)
(3)→ 3x(1)+(3)
We get
𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 6
2𝑦 + 𝑧 = −4 (4)
−3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 13, (5)
Now eliminating y from eq (5) using eq (4) by operation (5)→3x(4)+2x(5), we get

𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 6
2𝑦 + 𝑧 = −4
7𝑧 = 14
On simplifying, we get
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = −3, 𝑧 = 2.