Make A Mini CNC Plotter With Old DVD Players Arduino and L293D
Make A Mini CNC Plotter With Old DVD Players Arduino and L293D
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Home » Difficulty level » Advanced » Make a Mini CNC Plotter with old DVD players Arduino and L293D
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25/04/2018 Make a Mini CNC Plotter with old DVD players Arduino and L293D
There are many projects to recycle old DVD players into a mini CNC Plotter based
on Arduino. It is a nice project and ideal to start with its Arduino. The mechanical
construction and more particularly the pencil holder can be difficult. I propose in
this article to realize a mini plotter by realizing the mechanical elements by 3D
printing. We will use two L293D H bridges to drive the engines of the DVD players. We find it for
less than €2 in China. You can develop your mini CNC Plotter directly from this post.
Contents [show]
Step 1 : BOM
You can buy all components on internet or DIY
store.
1x Arduino Uno
1x Breadboard 400 points
2x L293D motor drives اﻟﻣطﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻣﺻﻧّﻊ
1x servo motor SG90 ﻣﻌدّات و ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺎت ﻣن أﻋﻠﻰ
ﺟودة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎل آﻻت
2 old CD/DVD players ﻧﻘدّم اﻟﺧدﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ.اﻟﺿﻐط
اﻟﺧﺎرج أﯾﺿﺎ
2 wires 22AWG (yellow) 15cm (0.6 in)
2 wires 22AWG (green) 15cm (0.6 in)
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Spacers 8x
Breadboard spacers 4x
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Z axis basis 1x
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I prefer to use PLA filament because it’s an environmental friendly and non toxic material. If you
print all parts, you need about 3 hours. I use the French 3D printer Dagoma discovery200.
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Arduino Uno
Use 4 spacers and 4 screws M4 x 30mm to assembling the X axis on the playwood (200 x
160mm). Do the same for the Y axis. Use the picture bellow to setup the position of
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elements. Finally attach the Y axis on the vertical uprights. The height is not important, we just
need to adjust the position of the pen in its holder.
Drawing surface
Use a glue gun to fix the drawing surface on the axis. To find the good position move the stepper
motor to the max. position and fix it.
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Follow the drawing to assembly the pencil holder. Fix the servo motor with 2x M2 screws or glue.
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Now, we can start programming ! First, we need to test if the X and Y axis are properly
connected. After that, we will calibrate the stepper motors.
X axis test
X-Axis use the pins 8,9,10 and 11 by default. Start this program. If all is correct, the stepper
motor must do 100 steps. Measure the distance and divide by 100 to obtain the X-Axis
calibration value.
Learn more
1 /*
2 Mini Traceur Arduino (CNC Plotter)
3 Test X Axis
4 Projets DIY 02/2016
5 */
6 #include <Stepper.h> // Include the stepper Motor librarie
7
8 const int pasParRotation = 20; // Number of steps by turn. Standard value for CD/DV
9
10 // Indicate X axis stepper motor Pins
11 Stepper myStepperX(pasParRotation, 8,9,10,11);
12
13 void setup() {
14 myStepperX.setSpeed(100); // Stepper motor speed
15 // Indicate the number of steps the drive need to do.
16 // CD/DVD drive can do about 250 steps max.
17 // Negative number to reverse direction of the movement
18 myStepperX.step(100); // Measure the distance the pencil move to calculate X
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19 delay(100);
20 }
21
22 void loop() {}
Y axis test
Learn more
1 /*
2 Mini Traceur Arduino (CNC Plotter)
3 Test de l'axe Y
4 Projets DIY 02/2016
5 */
6 #include <Stepper.h> //Librairie pour piloter les moteurs pas à pas
7
8 const int pasParRotation = 20; //Nombre de pas pour réaliser un tour
9
10 //Pins sur lesquels est relié le moteur de l'axe X
11 Stepper myStepperX(pasParRotation, 2,3,4,5);
12
13 void setup() {
14 myStepperX.setSpeed(100); //Vitesse de déplacement
15 //Indiquer le nombre de pas que le moteur pas à pas doit faire
16 //Généralement un moteur de lecteur CD/DVD peut faire 250 pas au maxium
17 //Indiquer un chiffre négatif pour inverser le sens de déplacement
18 myStepperX.step(100);
19 delay(100);
20 }
21
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22 void loop() {}
In case of problem
The engine does not move: first check the wiring of the L293D. The IN and OUT Pins may be
reversed.
The direction of movement is reversed. Reverse Pins on the L293D.
The engine never stops, do not go to the end or “jump”. There is probably an obstacle in its
path. Check if one screw is not too long …
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Learn more
1 /* Arduino
2 Mini Traceur CNC Arduino
3 Traduction de la configuration du traceur en français et ajout d'une variable "vitesseDepl
4 Projets DIY - 02/2016
5
6 D'après
7 Mini CNC Plotter firmware, based in TinyCNC https://github.com/MakerBlock/TinyCNC-Sketche
8 Send GCODE to this Sketch using gctrl.pde https://github.com/damellis/gctrl
9 Convert SVG to GCODE with MakerBot Unicorn plugin for Inkscape available here https://gith
10
11 More information about the Mini CNC Plotter here (german, sorry): http://www.makerblog.at/
12 */
13
14 #include <Servo.h>
15 #include <Stepper.h>
16
17 #define LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH 512
18
19 /*
20 PARAMETRES DE CONFIGURATION
21 */
22
23 const int penZUp = 130; // Angle servomoteur, crayon relevé
24 const int penZDown = 40; // Angle servomoteur, crayon baissé
25 const int penServoPin = 6; // Pin sur lequel est relié le servomoteur
26 const int stepsPerRevolution = 20; // Valeur par défaut
27 const int vitesseDeplacement = 250; // Vitesse de déplacement des axes X et Y
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28
29 Servo penServo; // Objet pour actionner le servomoteur
30
31 // Initialisation des moteurs pas à pas pilotés à l'aide d'un pont H L293D
32 Stepper myStepperY(stepsPerRevolution, 2,3,4,5); // Axe X
33 Stepper myStepperX(stepsPerRevolution, 8,9,10,11); // Axe Y
34
35 // Calibration, nombre de pas par millimètre
36 float StepsPerMillimeterX = 6.0;
37 float StepsPerMillimeterY = 6.0;
38
39 /*
40 FIN DE LA CONFIGURATION
41 */
42
43 /* Structures, global variables */
44 struct point {
45 float x;
46 float y;
47 float z;
48 };
49
50 // Current position of plothead
51 struct point actuatorPos;
52
53 // Drawing settings, should be OK
54 float StepInc = 1;
55 int StepDelay = 0;
56 int LineDelay = 50;
57 int penDelay = 50;
58
59 // Drawing robot limits, in mm
60 // OK to start with. Could go up to 50 mm if calibrated well.
61 float Xmin = 0;
62 float Xmax = 40;
63 float Ymin = 0;
64 float Ymax = 40;
65 float Zmin = 0;
66 float Zmax = 1;
67
68 float Xpos = Xmin;
69 float Ypos = Ymin;
70 float Zpos = Zmax;
71
72 // Set to true to get debug output.
73 boolean verbose = false;
74
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75 // Needs to interpret
76 // G1 for moving
77 // G4 P300 (wait 150ms)
78 // M300 S30 (pen down)
79 // M300 S50 (pen up)
80 // Discard anything with a (
81 // Discard any other command!
82
83 /**********************
84 * void setup() - Initialisations
85 ***********************/
86 void setup() {
87 // Setup
88 Serial.begin( 9600 );
89
90 penServo.attach(penServoPin);
91 penServo.write(penZUp);
92 delay(200);
93
94 // Decrease if necessary
95 myStepperX.setSpeed(vitesseDeplacement);
96 myStepperY.setSpeed(vitesseDeplacement);
97
98 // Set & move to initial default position
99 // TBD
100
101 // Notifications!!!
102 Serial.println("Mini CNC Plotter alive and kicking!");
103 Serial.print("X range is from ");
104 Serial.print(Xmin);
105 Serial.print(" to ");
106 Serial.print(Xmax);
107 Serial.println(" mm.");
108 Serial.print("Y range is from ");
109 Serial.print(Ymin);
110 Serial.print(" to ");
111 Serial.print(Ymax);
112 Serial.println(" mm.");
113 }
114
115 /**********************
116 * void loop() - Main loop
117 ***********************/
118 void loop()
119 {
120 delay(200);
121 char line[ LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH ];
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122 char c;
123 int lineIndex;
124 bool lineIsComment, lineSemiColon;
125
126 lineIndex = 0;
127 lineSemiColon = false;
128 lineIsComment = false;
129
130 while (1) {
131
132 // Serial reception - Mostly from Grbl, added semicolon support
133 while ( Serial.available()>0 ) {
134 c = Serial.read();
135 if (( c == '\n') || (c == '\r') ) { // End of line reached
136 if ( lineIndex > 0 ) { // Line is complete. Then execute!
137 line[ lineIndex ] = '\0'; // Terminate string
138 if (verbose) {
139 Serial.print( "Received : ");
140 Serial.println( line );
141 }
142 processIncomingLine( line, lineIndex );
143 lineIndex = 0;
144 }
145 else {
146 // Empty or comment line. Skip block.
147 }
148 lineIsComment = false;
149 lineSemiColon = false;
150 Serial.println("ok");
151 }
152 else {
153 if ( (lineIsComment) || (lineSemiColon) ) { // Throw away all comment characters
154 if ( c == ')' ) lineIsComment = false; // End of comment. Resume line.
155 }
156 else {
157 if ( c <= ' ' ) { // Throw away whitepace and control c
158 }
159 else if ( c == '/' ) { // Block delete not supported. Ignore c
160 }
161 else if ( c == '(' ) { // Enable comments flag and ignore all
162 lineIsComment = true;
163 }
164 else if ( c == ';' ) {
165 lineSemiColon = true;
166 }
167 else if ( lineIndex >= LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH-1 ) {
168 Serial.println( "ERROR - lineBuffer overflow" );
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310 Serial.print(Xpos);
311 Serial.print(",");
312 Serial.print(Ypos);
313 Serial.println("");
314 }
315
316 if (verbose)
317 {
318 Serial.print("x1, y1: ");
319 Serial.print(x1);
320 Serial.print(",");
321 Serial.print(y1);
322 Serial.println("");
323 }
324
325 // Convert coordinates to steps
326 x1 = (int)(x1*StepsPerMillimeterX);
327 y1 = (int)(y1*StepsPerMillimeterY);
328 float x0 = Xpos;
329 float y0 = Ypos;
330
331 // Let's find out the change for the coordinates
332 long dx = abs(x1-x0);
333 long dy = abs(y1-y0);
334 int sx = x0<x1 ? StepInc : -StepInc;
335 int sy = y0<y1 ? StepInc : -StepInc;
336
337 long i;
338 long over = 0;
339
340 if (dx > dy) {
341 for (i=0; i<dx; ++i) {
342 myStepperX.step(sx);
343 over+=dy;
344 if (over>=dx) {
345 over-=dx;
346 myStepperY.step(sy);
347 }
348 delay(StepDelay);
349 }
350 }
351 else {
352 for (i=0; i<dy; ++i) {
353 myStepperY.step(sy);
354 over+=dx;
355 if (over>=dy) {
356 over-=dy;
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357 myStepperX.step(sx);
358 }
359 delay(StepDelay);
360 }
361 }
362
363 if (verbose)
364 {
365 Serial.print("dx, dy:");
366 Serial.print(dx);
367 Serial.print(",");
368 Serial.print(dy);
369 Serial.println("");
370 }
371
372 if (verbose)
373 {
374 Serial.print("Going to (");
375 Serial.print(x0);
376 Serial.print(",");
377 Serial.print(y0);
378 Serial.println(")");
379 }
380
381 // Delay before any next lines are submitted
382 delay(LineDelay);
383 // Update the positions
384 Xpos = x1;
385 Ypos = y1;
386 }
387
388 // Raises pen
389 void penUp() {
390 penServo.write(penZUp);
391 delay(LineDelay);
392 Zpos=Zmax;
393 if (verbose) {
394 Serial.println("Pen up!");
395 }
396 }
397 // Lowers pen
398 void penDown() {
399 penServo.write(penZDown);
400 delay(LineDelay);
401 Zpos=Zmin;
402 if (verbose) {
403 Serial.println("Pen down.");
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404 }
405 }
If you are a Windows user you can directly use the compilated version of gctrl. You can download
it here.
For macOS or Linux users, you need to install Processing (here) then run gctrl.pde (download
here)
gctrl is an efficient but basic program in the sense that it does not check the selected file. The
plotter start just after the selection of the gcode file. So, be sure before validate. In case of
problem, press “x” !
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A short video (in french at the moment…be patient) that explains how to make your Mini
CNC plotter.
I hope you find everything you need to make your Mini CNC Plotter. I hope I did not forget
anything. Feel free to share your experience or add your tricks. Comments are there for.
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exit status 1
'gt' was not declared in this scope
Hello Jose. It's strange, I just compile the program with the Arduino IDE (1.8.2) without
any error. Is this the program of step 9?
△ ▽ • Reply • Share ›
I have a problem with gctrl.pde and gctrl.exe, but I do not know why. My engines have no
movement with gctrl. Select the serial port (OK), use the arrows and no movement, load a
gcode image with (G) and no movement. I do not know where the problem is.
My beta-CNC without Arduino, only router with OpenWRT and L293 driver. Does not interpret
GCODE yet:
see more
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Hello Eduardo. Great project. I'm sorry but I have no skills on openwrt (at the moment
;-))
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Hi, please help me.
Have same error as Mahadi....
#include <Servo.h>
#include <Stepper.h>
exit status 1
#include expects "FILENAME" or <filename>
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Projets DIY Mod > Mahadi • a year ago
Hi Mahadi. You need to install the servo library. You just need to install it directly from
the library manager (sketch menu). After that, you can download the program. Have a
good day.
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Sorry Mahadi, it's totally impossible to help you like that. Could you send
me your sketch by using the contact form. Thank's
△ ▽ • Reply • Share ›
Actually i Use inkscape 0.48.5 version and also it's plugin But i don't find
g code export ...option.. So..How can i Generate G- Code .?
And How you generate G code For Yourself.
△ ▽ • Reply • Share ›
Hi Greg. You probably right. Depending your drive, you may need to switch pins to find
the correct direction. I hope you'll succeed with your project. See you soon.
△ ▽ • Reply • Share ›
OK. We want to know how many steps are needed to move the pencil
(for example 10mm). So, run X drive with 100 steps, after measure the
distance (x) and then divide 100/x mm. Now replace the value of the
variable StepsPerMillimeterX (by default, it 6s/mm) . Do the same for the
Y axis. After that, the X and Y axis are ready. I hope it's clear enough
now. Have a good day. Christophe
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No. Use the Arduino IDE. Create a new file (for example TestX.ino) and
past the code of the step 8 (X axis step). Start the program and do as
indicate before. Do the same for the Y axis (or just change the Pins of
the Y stepper motor). I'm sorry i forgot to translate in English the
comments... but now, i'm sure you read French very well ;-). Bye
△ ▽ • Reply • Share ›
Hi Bujari. Can you tell me how you power the stepper motors? May be that there is not
enough power. The problem with recycling stepper motors from older dvd drives is that
you do not know pin marking. You have to look for the right wiring. See you soon.
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25/04/2018 Make a Mini CNC Plotter with old DVD players Arduino and L293D
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25/04/2018 Make a Mini CNC Plotter with old DVD players Arduino and L293D
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25/04/2018 Make a Mini CNC Plotter with old DVD players Arduino and L293D
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25/04/2018 Make a Mini CNC Plotter with old DVD players Arduino and L293D
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25/04/2018 Make a Mini CNC Plotter with old DVD players Arduino and L293D
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