Advanced Level Certificate in English: Sample Test 2011

ALCE
TM
Advanced Level
Certificate in English
Sample Test 2011
Material developed by Hellenic American University,

Office for Language Assessment and Test Development.
Distributed by the Hellenic American Union.
FREE OF CHARGE
© HELLENIC AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
Office for Language Assessment and Test Development
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INSTRUCTIONS
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Do not mark your answers in the test booklet.
You must use a number 2 (soft) pencil.
Do not bend or fold your answer sheet.
Look at the TOP RIGHT of SIDE 1 of your Answer Sheet. Fill in the following information
on the lines:
ULL NAME: print your full name in this order: family name, then first name. Use capital
F
letters.
YOUR SIGNATURE: write your signature.
Look at the LISTENING and GVR sections.

Completely fill in the circle that corresponds to the answer you have chosen.
Mark all your answers on the separate answer sheet, not in the test booklet.
se pencil only to mark your answers. If you change your mind about an answer,
U
erase your first mark completely.
Fill in only one circle for each problem.
Any problem with more than one answer marked will be counted wrong.
If you are not sure about an answer, you may guess.
NOTE: Keep your eyes on your own test. Candidates giving, receiving, or using notes
or other aids will be disqualified, and they will fail. Examination fees will not be
refunded.
© Hellenic American University • January 2011 3

Listening
Listening Part 1Part 1
Listening Section
The listening section of the test (items 1 – 40) is divided into four parts. Instructions and examples are provided
at the beginning of each part.
LISTENING – PART 1
In this part of the listening test (items 1 – 10), you will hear five extracts from radio broadcasts. Each extract
is followed by two questions about what was said. The questions are written in your test booklet. For each
question there are three answer choices, A, B, or C. Choose the answer choice which best answers each
question and on the separate answer sheet, darken the appropriate circle. You will hear the extracts only once.
Now listen to an example. You hear: Why has the woman been talking about Mr. Stewart?
A to provide an example
B to give an amusing story
C to show the danger of cars
The correct answer to the question is A. A B C

Are there any questions before we begin? Now we will start Part 1 of the Listening Test.
Extract 1 Extract 3
1 What is the discussion mainly about? 5 What are the speakers discussing?
A marketing products to children A
a farm
B getting children to eat healthier foods B
a game
C encouraging children to watch less C
a city
television
6 How does Farmland make the man feel?
2 What opinion does the woman hold? A
nostalgic
A
Cartoons influence the food choices B
enthusiastic
children make. C
indifferent
B
Children do not understand which foods are
healthy. Extract 4
C
Most food advertised to children is
7 What is the topic of the conversation?
unhealthy.
A
payment using a cell phone
Extract 2 B
new technology for credit cards
C
shopping for goods online
3 What is the main theme of the discussion?
A
Everyday occurrences can cause stress. 8 What is the man’s attitude?
B
Modern life is becoming increasingly A
enthusiastic
stressful. B
doubtful
C
Stress management techniques are easy to C
suspicious
learn.
Extract 5
4 What is the woman’s main point?
9 What is the conversation about?
A
Stressors can be social or physical.
B
People’s reactions to stressors are different. A
marketing a product
C
Controlling stress requires knowing its B
choosing a good wine
causes. C
where to find Bordeaux
10 What is the man trying to convince the

audience about?
A that Bordeaux is not expensive
B that technology is a useful tool
C that companies need to cooperate
4 © Hellenic American University • January 2011

Listening
ListeningPart
Part 21
In this part of the listening test (items 11 – 20) you will hear 10 conversations between a man and a woman.
After each conversation, you will hear a question about what was stated or implied in each conversation. The
questions are written in your test booklet. For each question there are three answer choices A, B, or C. On the
separate answer sheet, darken the appropriate circle. You will hear each conversation only once.
Now listen to an example. You hear: The following is a conversation between two colleagues.
Why is the woman upset?
A Her friend refused the job.
B Her friend used her to get the job.
C Her friend used his connections to get the job.
The correct answer to the question is C. A B C
Are there any questions before we begin? Now we will start Part 2 of the Listening Test.
The following is a conversation between two political The following is a conversation between two
analysts. colleagues.
11 What might bring victory to the 16 What does the woman think is difficult?
environmentalist? A managing press conferences
A the wide choice of parties B giving press statements
B co-operation between the parties C working under pressure
C habitual non-voters
The following is a conversation between two
This conversation occurs between two members of colleagues.
parliament. 17 Why is the man upset?
12 What does the man believe is true about Gloria A He was not told about something.
Smith? B He has been transferred.
A She is likely to be offered the post she C He has revealed a secret.
wants.
B She hasn’t got enough political support. The following is a conversation between two
C She doesn’t deserve to win. environmentalists.
18 What does the man think about the U.S. policy
The following is part of a conversation between on climate change?
graduate students in a science lab.
A He is critical of it.
13 What is true about Douglas’ research? B He believes it will change.
A It’s progressing slowly but steadily. C He thinks it should be ignored.
B It’s losing its financial support.
C It’s very new and advanced work. This conversation takes place in the manager of a
TV station’s office.
The following conversation takes place in a 19 Who does the man represent?
manager’s office.
A actors
14 Why did the woman want to speak to the man? B technicians
A to apologize C viewers
B to improve relations
C to thank him The following is a conversation between two
archeologists.
The following is a conversation between two 20 What do the two people agree on?
colleagues.
A The ceramic evidence is earlier than the
15 Why is the man worried? temple.
A Because he may become coordinator. B The ceramic evidence is contemporary.
B Because he could lose his job. C The ceramic evidence is from the mid 4th
C Because his project will be delayed. century.

Listening
Listening Part 1Part 3
In this part of the listening section (items 21 – 30), you will hear an interview held in a big international
company. The interview is taped for the benefit of managers in training seminars. It is between a psychologist,
Dr. Wilkins, who specializes in human resources, and a personnel officer.
The interview is broken up into five segments. You will hear each segment twice, followed by two multiple-
choice questions, which are also written in your test booklet. For each question, there are three answer
choices, A, B, or C. On the separate answer sheet, darken the appropriate circle.
Now we will hear the beginning of the interview, followed by an example.
Example: You hear:
You read: What will the interview probably be about?
A human relations
B job requirements
C output of employees
The correct answer to the question is C. A B C
Now we will continue the interview. Are there any questions before we begin?
Now let’s continue. Listen carefully to the interview.
21 When does Dr. Wilkins say employees produce most?
A when they are motivated

B when they are organized
C when they have a goal
22 What can be inferred about supervisors?
A Their individual needs should not affect their jobs.

B They need training to increase employee performance.
C They should not be influenced by the employees.
23 According to Maslow, which need motivates employees most?
A a need that has not been satisfied

B a need to belong
C a satisfied need
24 How is friendship encouraged in the interviewer’s company?
A by organizing functions
B by organizing talks
C by showing concern

Listening
ListeningPart
Part 31
25 How does the supervisor satisfy esteem needs?

A by showing that the employees’ work is valued
B by assigning tasks that challenge the employees’ minds
C by developing the employees’ skills and abilities
26 According to the interviewer, how do well-paid employees react?

A They compare their pay with that of other employees.
B They increase their output.
C It increases their desire for more.
27 According to the interviewer, how do workers know that they are

treated fairly?
A Others are paid the same for the same work.
B They are paid well for the work they do.
C They are given extra pay for extra work.
28 What makes the motivation process difficult according to Dr.

Wilkins?
A when input is not balanced with fair output
B when supervisors do not manage the subordinates
C when supervisors do not perceive fairness
29 What must employees do to increase their performance?

A ask for a reward
B connect reward with behavior
C learn about the cost of the reward
30 How does Wilkins describe symbolic rewards?

A rewards that are desired
B rewards that are not powerful
C rewards that mean a lot

Listening Part 4
In this part of the listening test (items 31 – 40), you will hear a talk in two parts, held at an environmental
conference on the greenhouse effect. You will hear each part only once. Each part is followed by five
questions. The questions are written in your test booklet. For each question there are three answer choices A,
B, or C. On the separate answer sheet, darken the appropriate circle. If you wish, you may take notes in the
space provided below.
Now listen to the beginning of the talk followed by an example.
Example: You hear:
You read: According to the speaker, what is difficult to measure?
A climate change
B humanity’s effect on the environment
C the earth’s temperature
The correct answer to the question is B. A B C
Now we will continue the talk. Are there any questions before we begin?
Now, let’s continue. Listen carefully to the talk. You may take notes.
31 According to the speaker, what is the main point discussed so

Write notes here
far during the conference?
A climate warming
B reliable measurements
C tropical storms
32 According to the speaker, what does the solar hypothesis claim?
A Man is not to blame for global warming.

B There is no warming trend.
C The sun’s temperature is decreasing.
33 According to the speaker, what connection may aerosols have

with greenhouse gasses?
A They are a major cause of greenhouse gasses.

B They intensify the problem of greenhouse gasses.
C They reduce the effect of greenhouse gasses.
34 What does the speaker say about the consequences of global

warming?
A It may benefit coastal towns and cities.

B It may facilitate access to resources.
C It may shorten the season for crop-growing.

Listening
ListeningPart
Part 41
35 According to the speaker, what are experts most concerned

Write notes here
about?
A convincing politicians
B rapid temperature change
C accurate climate models
36 What does the speaker propose should be done with the Kyoto
protocol?
A It should be improved by additions.

B It should be completely re-written.
C It should be replaced by a different agreement.
37 What are the steps the speaker mentions?
A means of monitoring carbon dioxide

B methods of reducing emissions
C ways to produce power without coal
38 According to the speaker, what should the public be educated

about?
A alternative ways to consume power

B existing technology
C new business opportunities
39 What does the speaker suggest?
A using nuclear power

B using fossil fuels
C using fossil fuels and nuclear power
40 What does the speaker suggest rich countries pay poor

countries to do?
A to cut down trees

B to cut their emissions
C to plant trees
END OF THE LISTENING SECTION.

DO NOT CONTINUE TO THE NEXT SECTION.

This page intentionally left blank
ListeningGVR
Part 1
Grammar, Vocabulary & Reading Section Instructions

There are 100 items in this section of the examination, numbered 41 – 140. There are 40 grammar, 40
vocabulary, and 20 reading comprehension items.
You have 80 minutes to finish the GVR Section. Try to answer all the items. Each item counts the same. You
may answer in any order you wish. Mark your answer on the separate answer sheet.
Each item has only one correct answer. Any item with more than one answer marked will be counted wrong.
If you are not sure about an answer, you may guess.
Here are examples of each kind of item. For the actual items, darken the circle on your answer sheet. Do not
mark your answers in this test booklet.
GRAMMAR
Choose the word or phrase from A, B, C, or D that best completes the sentence. Darken the appropriate circle
on your answer sheet.
xample:
E
Thousands of lives could be saved if the government
introduced tighter controls diesel fuel.
A using
B on the use of
C to use
D by using
The correct answer is B. A B C D
VOCABULARY
Choose the word or phrase from A, B, C, or D that best completes the sentence. Darken the appropriate circle
on your answer sheet.
xample:
E
Patients taking medications over a long period
are advised to consult their physician at frequent
.
A interludes
B intersections
C intervals
D intermissions
The correct answer is C. A B C D
READING
Choose the best answer based on the information given in the passage.
xample:
E
The general belief is that traffic accidents and fatalities resulting from these accidents have increased.
According to a recent report, however, the number of automobile accidents has actually gone down. The
reason for this decrease can be attributed to better driver education.
uestion:
Q
According to the article, there are fewer car
accidents because… .
A there are better cars on the road
B drivers are better trained
C roads are better
D drivers are more courteous
The correct answer is B. A B C D
Remember you have 80 minutes to finish the GVR Section. Mark your answers only on the answer sheet. Do
not write in the test booklet. You may begin now.
Grammar
Listening Part 1
41 Research has shown that materials 48 The President called on Congress to make
can cause health problems. a host of tax cuts.
A being manufactured poorly A it permanence
B manufacturing the poor B it permanent
C poor manufacturing C permanence
D poorly manufactured D permanent
42 change soon, many Americans are 49 The poll of 803 likely voters last week
destined to a deprived old age. for the Detroit Free Press.
A Whether current pension policies A conducted
B Provided that pension policies currently B had conducted
C Unless current pension policies C to be conducted
D But for pension policies currently D was conducted
43 Mining officials reported that they to 50 Researchers would have been granted more
excavate the collapsed tunnels. funds more media attention.
A will not be able yet A had their experiments received
B yet should not be able B their experiments had received
C have not yet been able C having received the experiments
D not yet being able D receiving the experiments
44 The price of medicines is soaring, but the 51 in 1981, the dam has become a
increases have to the cost. favorite recreational spot.
A a less relation A Completed
B the little relation B Having completed
C little relation C It was completed
D any relation D To complete
45 in some countries is education, 52 received engineering degrees as they

especially for girls. do today.
A A crucial area for reform A Never have so many women
B It is crucial to reform B So many women have
C Reforming an area crucially C The women have never
D To reform a crucial area D Women who have never
46 Nigeria’s conservative party controlled the 53 The first settlers on the American continent
parliament due to its foreign policy, it endured terrible hardships, and .
still holds. A also did their children
A an advantage which surveys show B so did their children
B that advantage surveys show C their children did
C the advantage shown by surveys D also their children
D which advantage shown by surveys
54 Of the two new doctors, one is experienced
47 to examine carefully, is the fine print at and .
the bottom of the contracts they sign. A not the other is
A All consumers needed B not is other
B Consumers need C is not the other
C That which consumers needed D the other not
D What consumers need

Grammar
Listening Part 1
55 The author’s main purpose a new 62 If effective treatment for cancer ,
experiment. genetic research will have proved its worth.
A is the describing A is to result
B to be described B resulting
C was the description C results
D was to describe D will result
56 The UN Secretary urged that the United 63 The company the market for the first
States environmental pollution more quarter, but problems remain.
seriously. A could be dominated
A take B may have dominated
B took C must be dominated
C taking D should have been dominated
D to take
64 is that the Internet has been the
57 Many parents strongly object to their children channel that drives business.
into vocational schools, instead of A Finding what they have
academic institutions. B They have found what
A go C To find what they have
B going D What they have found
C to go
D to going 65 Products ordered online still .
A need to be delivered
58 , Picasso found Renaissance painting B need to deliver
fascinating. C must deliver
A As it seems strange D must have been delivered
B It did seem strange
C Strange it may seem 66 The new technology will let the
D Strange though it may seem appearance of actors in the computer.
A filmmakers to transform
59 Research shows that calorie meals B filmmakers transform
are essential to healthy living. C the transforming of filmmakers
A control D transform filmmakers into
B controlled
C controlling 67 Paleontologists suggest low mortality.
D controls A that tyrannosaurs had
B that tyrannosaurs having
60 Meteorologists warn the temperature C tyrannosaurs to have
to rise next week due to a heat wave. D tyrannosaurs to have had
A is set
B is to set 68 While biodiesel will never replace conventional
C set diesel, a part of some energy mix.
D will set A consequently this fuel should be
B nor can this fuel be
61 by talking on their cell phones are C such fuel could not have
responsible for many road accidents. D this fuel can be
A Distracted drivers
B Drivers are distracted 69 A century after its characterization by
C Drivers distracted Alzheimer, senile dementia .
D The distraction of drivers A it has remained almost untreated
B remains almost untreatable
C that remains almost untreated
D is to remain almost untreatable

Grammar
Listening Part 1
70 with disorders such as depression. 77 New fiber optics truly lifelike colors in
A Associating smell loss future television and computer screens.
B Is losing your smell associated A could help produce
C Loss of smell in association B helping with the production of
D Loss of smell is associated C must have helped produce
D produced by helpful
71 New techniques could diagnose autism in
babies, while the brain is most 78 In the US, physicians fresh out of medical
malleable. school regularly work in the EU.
A and enable effectively treated A by far the most hours
B could enable more effective treatments B far more hours than those
C enabling more effective treatment C more hours by far than them
D to enable treating more effectively D more hours by far than
72 Some geneticists claim altering embryos 79 as well as controls on over-fishing can

should be accepted free from inherited restore some key marine ecosystems.
diseases. A Agriculture is significantly reduced
A for babies produced B Reducing significantly the agriculture
B for babies to be producing C Significant agriculturally reduced
C to produce babies D Significant reductions in agriculture
D to producing babies
80 Researchers have found a clue as are
73 Results from a study show that neighbors are so much greater than those of chimpanzees.
more likely to be sociable people their
A for the mental capacities of humans
own age.
B if the mental human capacities
A as living on C the human mental capacities
B since to live in D to why human mental capacities
C when living among
D while to live at
74 People feel tired after eating the

neurons responsible for keeping a person alert.
A as glucose inhibited food for
B because glucose in food inhibits
C glucose in food and inhibits
D to inhibit glucose in food
75 Some scientists believe that brain waves are

regular fingerprints.
A as distinctive to individuals as
B distinctively individual for
C individually distinctive such as
D so distinctive to individuals that
76 Many of the youngsters in Britain in

front of the television.
A having spent most of their day
B spend most of their day
C spending their day mostly
D would spend their day most

Vocabulary
Listening Part 1
81 A promotion to the position of manager usually 88 Vitamin D causes various bone

entails more responsibilities. diseases.
A giving away A deficiency
B putting in B tendency
C setting up C rarity
D taking on D scarcity
82 The Parliament voted to a ban on 89 The FBI is trying to the exact location
smoking in public places in England. of the hostages and kidnappers.
A allocate A diffuse
B consent B dismiss
C impose C instill
D perform D pinpoint
83 Some doctors consider restrictions on what 90 The Chinese government considers its
drugs doctors can an intrusion. new Qunghai-Tibet railway a of
A advise engineering.
B impose A commotion
C prescribe B marvel
D transfer C description
D vision
84 The European Union uses some of its public
budget to stem-cell research. 91 There is a considerable environmental cost to
A invest carbon dioxide .
B devise A deductions
C fund B emissions
D subscribe C formations
D intermissions
85 Diamonds have the highest known melting
of any substance. 92
Scientists collecting DNA from aboriginal
A place populations aim to the hidden history
B point within our genes.
C position A disclose
D pressure B dismay
C disown
86 It is imperative that all merchandise be D distend
before it is shipped to the customer.
A examined 93 Petroleum companies plan to reduce their
B distributed by nearly 2 percent in February.
C exported A assembly
D developed B harvest
C fabrication
87 There is evidence that personality traits are D output
to birthdates.
A aligned 94
The Antikythera Mechanism, an early
B conferred astronomical computer, was designed to
C joined planetary motions.
D linked A facilitate
B calculate
C designate
D propagate

Vocabulary
Listening Part 1
95
As its icy environs shrink, the polar bear has 102
How the oil industry environmental
become the symbol of Arctic . issues is important to its future prosperity.
A liability A administers
B openness B devises
C resistance C manages
D vulnerability D performs
96
With increasing environmental awareness, 103 Sensors capable of detecting an individual
sales of vehicles rose 20 percent this particle of light have many scientific and
year. technological .
A cut-price A applications
B fuel-efficient B amendments
C power-outage C escalations
D price-conscious D expansions
97
South Africa’s real estate is spreading 104 According to various , people now
to townships, benefiting homeowners and local recycle over 50% of the paper they use.
communities. A details
A boom B estimates
B boost C numbers
C decline D proceedings
D tumble
105 Improving diagnosis and finding more effective
98
Increasing urbanization creates a number of treatments for diseases are major
difficult issues that need to be . challenges for doctors.
A attended A collective
B corrected B corrosive
C positioned C pervasive
D resolved D submissive
99
A pessimistic Annual Report is worrisome to 106 Japanese carmakers have come to
management and a for investors. their domestic markets through technological
A concern leadership.
B discontent A dominate
C preoccupation B engage
D remorse C handle
D supervise
100
The new mall has the formerly sedate
rural community into a mini-metropolis. 107 According to a recent study, Americans today
A transacted exclusively in relatives, not in work
B transferred associates.
C transformed A confide
D transported B contend
C contest
101
According to officials, a major financial D converse
company is under for possible insider
trading. 108 Scientists are now examining how our facial
A enquiry expressions our true feelings.
B exploration A assess
C investigation B discern
D research C disclose
D instigate

Vocabulary
Listening Part 1
109 Evidence from lie detectors still 116 Scientists have discovered that to
remains inadmissible in most courtrooms. certain chemicals may lead to obesity.
A derived A admission
B redeemed B correspondence
C salvaged C exposure
D undertaken D relation
110 Research on the effects of radiation should be 117 Advances in stem cell research are
to the highest scientific standards. hopes in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s.
A conducted A accumulating
B given B granting
C obliged C raising
D taken D supplying
111 A new study claims to have found a 118 Apples contain certain types of fiber needed to
between daytime siestas and good health. keep the digestive system .
A link A dispensing
B joint B executing
C tie C functioning
D union D proceeding
112 Ecologists are trying to find environmentally 119 Scientists fear that an asteroid may
safe ways to killer pests. with Earth in 2029.
A aggravate A collide
B alleviate B dispel
C eradicate C strike
D extricate D subside
113 Economists believe that climate change may 120 logging is not the cause of all
food prices higher. deforestation in Canada, according to officials.
A compel A Illegal
B drive B Illegible
C induce C Illiterate
D rise D Ineligible
114 Smart cards and mobile phones are quickly

as ways to pay with electronic cash.
A emerging
B existing
C founding
D arriving
115 India the world market in mobile-

phone subscriber growth.
A encompasses
B forecasts
C outweighs
D overwhelms

Reading
Listening PartPart
1 1
For items 121 – 127, choose the best answer based on the information given in the passage.
Inside the Cold War

By James Hammersmith
This text is adapted from a newspaper review.
During the cold war, appallingly low. Hammersmith says that Khrushchev
America’s leaders and “imagined a monumental accord with the United
intelligence services tried States, resulting in complete demilitarization of
desperately to grasp the both super-powers, effectively ending the cold war,
motivations and inner and which would allow him to focus on allocating
thought processes of resources to the Soviet civilian economy, rather than
their Russian rivals. In later the East-West struggle.” However, Khrushchev’s
years, historians, although benefited by hindsight strategy for achieving these goals was constantly
and access to previously classified American shifting and evolving. At times, Khrushchev used
documents, gleaned very little. Recently, however, diplomacy and offered to negotiate. At other times,
some new insights have begun to emerge, thanks he attempted to use the fear of nuclear annihilation
to the partial declassification of Soviet-era records. to force concessions at the bargaining table.
James Hammersmith’s Inside the Cold War provides a
profound, if scholarly, peak behind the veil of secrecy Khrushchev’s decision to send nuclear missiles to
that has surrounded the way the Soviet Union made Cuba is a clear example of the latter approach. In
foreign policy decisions under Nikita Khrushchev, locating nuclear weapons in such close proximity to
who reigned as leader from 1955 to 1964. America, Khrushchev sent an unequivocal message:
The book is an indispensable resource for anyone President Kennedy would be negotiating with an
interested in learning about the cold war’s most equal.
perilous phase, and how the world managed to
Hammersmith notes that Khrushchev’s risky Cuba
survive it, relatively unscathed.
strategy played into the hands of the American war
Hammersmith rehashes much of the research hawks, who used this provocation as cover to justify
presented in his 1985 book covering the infamous their demands for a rapid build-up of American
1962 Cuban missile crisis. That book was among military power, and pilloried any politician who
the first serious scholarly works to make extensive advocated peaceful overtures.
use of declassified Soviet-era records. The present
Hammersmith leaves open the question of whether
work takes advantage of a much larger trove of
American leaders at the time understood that
material declassified in 2007. Again, Hammersmith
Khrushchev’s ultimate goal of peace with the
appears to be among the first scholars to plumb
West could have led to successful negotiations to
their depths. Hammersmith’s thoughtful analysis
end the cold war. Hammersmith pointedly faults
reveals tantalizing clues to one of the cold war’s most
American policymakers for their failure to recognize
enduring mysteries: Why did Khrushchev, who often
Khrushchev’s overarching goal of eventual peace
extolled the virtues of “peaceful coexistence” with
and coexistence. Khrushchev, too, is criticized for
the West, risk full-scale nuclear war by basing nuclear
failing to understand that the West was unable
weapons in Cuba? How could Khrushchev be “a man
to decipher his underlying message, as it was
of great warmth and totally belligerent,” as President
obfuscated by bluster and bravado.
Richard Nixon once described him?
Ultimately, it would take the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev
Hammersmith argues that Khrushchev had two goals:
and his reforms to bring the Soviet Union back to
easing tensions with the West, and improving living
the bargaining table free of the brinkmanship that
conditions in the Soviet Union, which at the time were
characterized Khrushchev’s regime.

Reading
ListeningPart
Part 11
121 How does the reviewer say Soviet cold war policy has become better understood?
A through the actions of American leaders
B through the study of US and Soviet rivalry
C through the research of Hammersmith
D through the work of an American historian
122 What is the main function of the second paragraph?

A to criticize Khrushchev’s personality
B to describe a book on the Cuban missile crisis
C to stress the significance of newly released documents
D to summarize Cold War issues
123 What is Hammersmith’s overall opinion of Khrushchev?

A He was unbalanced.
B He was a war-monger.
C He was irresponsible.
D He was rational.
124 According to Hammersmith, what did Khrushchev want most of all?

A to have friendly relations with the United States
B to improve the Soviet economy
C to put pressure on the United States
D to strengthen Soviet defense
125 What was the end result of Khrushchev’s risk-taking?

A Americans increased weaponry.
B Americans recognized his interest in peace.
C It began a decrease in hostility.
D It helped end the Cold War.
126 What does the reviewer say about the lack of an agreement to end the cold war?
A That the author blames Khrushchev for being unclear.
B That the author claims Americans misunderstood Khrushchev.
C That the author does not clearly state a reason.
D That the author lays the blame on American politicians.
127 What is the reviewer’s opinion of Inside the Cold War?

A It effectively clarifies the Cuban missile crisis.
B It is an exceptional critique of American foreign policy.
C It offers essential insight into the Khrushchev era.
D It successfully explains Khrushchev’s power.

Reading
Listening PartPart
1 2
This article has been taken from a science magazine.
is that listening to Mozart’s music causes either

an increase or decrease in someone’s arousal and
mood to a level that is more optimal for testing.
Personal preference for the music heard in Mozart
Effect testing may also be a possible influence on
increasing spatial test scores.
The majority of Mozart Effect research has been

conducted on college undergraduates. Although
some media outlets have claimed that Mozart’s
music improves a baby’s intelligence, as yet, no test
involving the possible influence of this music on the
Society has often hoped for a quick and simple way of spatial intelligence of infants has been conducted.
increasing intelligence. In 1993, Rauscher, Shaw, and Currently no testing has been done on different
Ky, researchers at the University of California, found developmental levels or older adults and despite
that a group of 36 college undergraduates improved the hype, the claim that music heals common old-
their spatial-temporal intelligence (the ability to age ailments is completely unfounded.
visualize a shape and turn it over in their mind) after
listening to 10 minutes of a Mozart sonata. Results The music used in the first Mozart Effect
showed that student IQ scores improved by 8-9 experiment was Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in
points and lasted for 10-15 minutes. The researchers’ D-major, K.448. For the sake of consistency, this has
findings, which were later dubbed the "Mozart Effect", continued to be the primary piece used in Mozart
suggest that there is a neurological basis for it. Effect research, “It is not just this composition,
and not just Mozart,” says Rauscher. However,
The original Mozart Effect researchers based their the researchers don’t know why the Sonata in D
rationale on the Trion Model of the cerebral cortex. works or which other pieces might. Would the
The cerebral cortex is a part of the brain that music of Mozart’s contemporary Johann Christian
helps with, among other things, motor control, Bach work? Or even a 20th-century composer
speech, memory, and auditory reception. Shaw such as Igor Stravinsky? Critics take issue with this
showed that similar neural firing patterns occur vagueness, saying that someone has to define
when listening to music and when performing what specific musical elements are required.
spatial tasks. Rauscher and Shaw hypothesized that
listening to certain types of complex music may Unfortunately, problems with the research practices
cause the production of new connections between severely hinder the legitimacy of the results. In
neurons inside the cerebral cortex and thereby many studies an independent control group has
improve spatial performance. not been used, and the influence of Mozart’s music
on children has not been examined. Additionally, no
Other researchers have been wary of the findings study has provided demographic descriptors of their
presented by Rauscher and colleagues. Instead, participants, e.g., race, gender, and socioeconomic
Mozart Effect critics have claimed the spatial status. Nonetheless, if future research proves that
intelligence increase to be nothing more than a music can build the neural network in children and
shift in participants’ arousal, which then produces has lasting benefits, the Mozart Effect will make its
better spatial test scores. In essence, their argument real encore.

Reading
ListeningPart
Part 21
128 What is the Mozart Effect?

A a means to enhance mental ability
B an indicator of musical sensitivity
C a remedy for neurological problems
D a result of high intelligence
129 According to the researchers, what occurs because of the Mozart Effect?
A Auditory reception is improved.
B Different areas of the brain are stimulated.
C Neural firing patterns are decreased.
D The number of neuron connections increases.
130 What do critics attribute Rauscher’s findings to?

A emotional response to Mozart’s music
B experience with test taking procedures
C personal training in classical music
D the influence of certain types of music
131 Who has been tested?

A adolescents
B babies
C the elderly
D young adults
132 What music has been used in the Mozart experiments?

A a variety of Mozart pieces
B music by Mozart, Stravinsky and Bach
C a certain Mozart sonata
D various pieces of music
133 What does the author believe is one problem with Mozart Effect studies?
A They do not use a varied experimental group.
B They focus on a specific socioeconomic background.
C They have taken only children into consideration.
D They use an inappropriate control group.
134 What does the author think about future research on the Mozart Effect?
A It should be conducted on various population groups.
B It should focus on the permanent effects of music on children.
C It should focus on the types of music that produce the Mozart Effect.
D It should validate the effects of music on adults.

Reading
Listening PartPart
1 3
This text has been adapted from a language blog.
If you visit California, you falling victim to this increasingly common form
can’t help but notice the of speech”. The study claimed that uptalk was the
irritating “uptalk”, which result of having either foreign parents or low self-
means using an interrogative esteem. The bottom line was that nobody could
tone even when making take you seriously as a boss when you pronounced
statements such as: “I never “You’re fired!” as “You’re fired?”
want to talk to you again (?)”
But the experts have changed their minds; the
But uptalk has spread far prevailing wisdom now holds that incorporating
beyond California and the high-rise terminals, or HRTs, into your speech is
dur-brained Valley Girls actually a means of controlling your interlocutors,
who are supposed to have of compelling a response, if only an internal one,
invented it. An article in last and of establishing common ground. New studies
week’s New York Observer show that people who use uptalk are not insecure
confirms that “high-rise wallflowers but powerful speakers who like getting
terminals” have infected their own way: teachers, talk-show hosts, politicians
the East Coast, while and facetious shop assistants.
psychology professors writing in the Toronto-based
Globe and Mail talk of an “epidemic” in Canada. We Mark Liberman, a phonetician at the University of
won’t even talk about Australia. Pennsylvania, who monitored George W. Bush’s
speeches, points out that the President peppered
In this country uptalk is still a burgeoning trend. John his speeches with HRTs. Why? Not, apparently,
Humphrys has not yet stooped to introducing the because Bush’s confidence was failing him. Rather,
“Today programme?” Nevertheless, it is spreading — it has more to do with an aggressive need to direct
especially among women — and, more worryingly, conversation. Liberman quotes from a linguistics
is being championed by the most cunning and paper in which scientists counted the number of
manipulative section of society: and yes, I do mean HRTs used in real-life conversations: “In four business
children. They get it from the television, apparently. meetings . . . the chairs used rise tones almost three
I, for one, am glad that I don’t come home to a six- times more often than the other participants did.“
year-old who talks like Philip Seymour Hoffman In conversations between academic supervisors
imitating Truman Capote. and their supervisees, the supervisors used rise
tones almost seven times more often than the
A few years ago I would have been able to say: I supervisees.
have some bad news for you six-year-olds. Because,
back then, the view held by experts was that “So maybe the problem with ‘Valley Girls’ and other
uptalk was a symptom of self-doubt: framing your youth of the past couple of decades,” continues
statements as questions was thought to indicate a Liberman, “is really that they’re, like, totally self-
desire for approval. Research in 2001 confirmed this, confident and socially aggressive?” This news seems
finding that uptalk was “destroying the credibility to have percolated down to primary schools ages
of millions of professionals who are unknowingly ago. Parents: you are being had.

Reading
ListeningPart
Part 31
135 What does the writer imply about uptalk in Australia?

A High rise terminals are used instead.
B It is extremely common.
C There is no evidence for it.
D The writer does not know if it exists.
136 Who does the writer say is leading the use of uptalk?
A George Bush
B manipulative women
C Truman Capote
D young children
137 What did the 2001 study claim?

A Employers did not know they used uptalk.
B Employers using uptalk had low self-esteem.
C Uptalk gave the impression of lack of confidence.
D Uptalk was widely used by employers.
138 What is currently thought about HRTs?

A They are a way of hiding insecurity.
B They are becoming less popular.
C They are made use of by teachers.
D They are used to establish control.
139 What is Mark Liberman’s main point?

A Figures of authority use uptalk more frequently.
B Rise tones are now acceptable in academia and business.
C Rise tones indicate an aggressive character.
D The President of the USA now uses HRTs.
140 Why does the writer say that parents are “being had”?
A They are being manipulated by their children.
B Their children have been influenced by ‘Valley Girls’.
C Their children’s education has deteriorated over the years.
D They may have extremely outgoing children.
END OF THE GVR SECTION.

DO NOT CONTINUE TO THE NEXT SECTION.

Writing
Listening Part 1
Choose ONE of the two writing tasks below. You should write between 225 and 250 words. Your essay will be
marked down if it falls below this range. You have 30 minutes for this task. Your writing will be assessed on its
range and accuracy of language, cohesion and coherence, and topic development.
Task A
Some employees nowadays have the opportunity to modify their work schedule to suit their needs. Some
people believe that this flexi-time enables employees to work at different times of the day and week,
taking time off when they need to. Others argue that not having a regular schedule can be disruptive to
an employee’s daily life. In your opinion, should employees be encouraged to follow a flexible schedule?
Give reasons to support your views.
You must use at least two points from the box below to develop and support your opinion, but you can
also add your own ideas.
For: For:
STANDARD SCHEDULE FLEXI-TIME
● Free evenings & weekends ● Good for working parents

● Same schedule as most other people ● Greater flexibility for individual needs
● More organized life ● Less boredom and routine
● Ability to limit hours of work ● Ability to adapt to amount of work
Task B
Some parents send their children to boarding schools where they receive their education while living in
residence halls on the school premises. These parents believe that this system provides their children
with a better education and social skills. Others argue that separating children from their parents is
harmful to their development. In your opinion, should children be sent to boarding schools? Give reasons
to support your views.
You must use at least two points from the box below to develop and support your opinion, but you can
also add your own ideas.
For: For:
BOARDING SCHOOLS DAY SCHOOLS
● No distractions ● No snobbishness
● No commuting ● No homesickness
● Development of independence ● Contact with family
● Interaction with peers ● Involvement with local community

Speaking
ListeningTest
Part 1
TOPIC A: SECOND CHANCES
TASK 1: WARM-UP (1 minute)
TASK 2 (2 ½ minutes)
In this part of the speaking test, a picture and a short text related to it are used to introduce the topic.
They are followed by a question to which you must respond.
“Without my heart transplant, I would not have lived to see my

18th birthday. Today I’m a college student and have wonderful
plans for the future. Thank you for my new heart and my new
life.”
Jessica Schwarz (Heart recipient)
Question: In your opinion, should people be encouraged to become organ donors?
Consider the following points to help you develop your answer.

You will have 30 seconds to prepare your response.
● Whether the public knows enough about organ donation

● Whether organ recipients receive a second chance at life
● What might keep people from becoming organ donors

Speaking Test
TASK 3 (4 minutes)
In this part of the speaking test, you will be asked to respond to questions about second chances. If
you wish, you may use the points for each question to help you with your answer.
1 In what ways does medical research provide people with hope for a second chance at life?
● New medicine
● Treatments for terminal diseases
● Improving patients’ morale
2 Apart from their health, do people deserve a second chance in life?
● Personal happiness
● Educational opportunities
● Professional success
3 In your opinion, when, if ever, should someone be denied one more chance?
● Making same mistakes and excuses
● Betraying people’s trust
● Taking second chances for granted
4 Do you think students should be given more than one chance to pass the university entrance exams? If
so, how many?
● Future at stake
● Failure due to many factors
● Chance to reflect on weaknesses
5 When should people be given a second chance? Explain.
● At home / school
● At work
● By friends
6 Should politicians ever be given a second chance to correct their mistakes by being re-elected?
● Seriousness and consequences of mistakes
● Overall achievements
● Options in election

Speaking
ListeningTest
Part 1
TASK 4: ROLE PLAY (3 ½ minutes)
In this part of the speaking test, you will read a text that presents two sides of a controversial issue.
Your task will be to argue in favor of one side. If you wish, you may use any of the points provided
below to help you develop your argument.
You will have one minute to prepare your argument.
Issue: Some people argue that life imprisonment or long prison sentences as a form of social isolation are
the only suitable punishments for convicted criminals. Others point out that in addition to serving their prison
sentence, prisoners should participate in rehabilitation programs to help them re-enter society because
everybody deserves a second chance.
Question: What do you think?
Should convicted criminals participate in rehabilitation programs?
For: For:
REHABILITATION PRISON SENTENCES ONLY
● Focus on capacity to change ● Respect for victims

● A chance to recognize mistakes ● Social isolation necessary
● P
rovides alternatives to criminal behavior ● No guarantee of rehabilitation
● Education and life skills ● Protection for law-abiding citizens

Transcript
The Advanced Level Certificate in English. Copyright 2011 Hellenic American University. Sample Test. The listening
section of the test (items 1 – 40) is divided into four parts. Instructions and examples are provided at the beginning of
each part.
In this part of the listening test (items 1-10), you will hear five extracts from radio broadcasts. Each extract is followed
by two questions about what was said. The questions are written in your test booklet. For each question there are three
answer choices, A, B, or C. Choose the answer choice which best answers each question and on the separate answer
sheet, darken the appropriate circle. You will hear the extracts only once.
Now listen to an example. You hear: W: Absolutely. Awareness is the key. If people were aware
of how they’re reacting to stress, because – and a lot
W: So has Mr. Stewart recovered from his unexpected
of research supports this – what really stresses us out
adventure?
isn’t the big things, it’s the millions of little things that
M: Yes, yes. He’s safely back with his family. But, you happen every day. Like not being able to find a parking
know, it sounds amusing for someone to accidentally place; the person in the express grocery line with
drive six hundred kilometers, just because he took a eleven items when they’re only supposed to have ten ...
wrong turn on the highway. But here’s the serious point.
M: ... being put on hold for twenty minutes when you call
He’s 81. He got confused. It’s not surprising given his
customer service ...
age. And this is exactly my point —cars are dangerous
weapons in the wrong hands. We have to remember W: ... or your computer suddenly doesn’t work. There’s a
that. million small things going on all the time.
W:
So you’re advocating tighter controls for senior citizens M: And these stress triggers, what did you call them,
behind the wheel —aren’t they already tight enough? stressors? Your techniques are really about managing
those, rather than managing stress per se ...
Why has the woman been talking about Mr. Stewart?
W: Well both, really. Stress is internal, it’s our reaction
The correct answer to the question is A. to stressors, which are external – we’ve been talking
about social stressors, not physical – but the point is
Are there any questions before we begin?
that stress, whether due to social or physical stressors,
Now we will start Part 1 of the Listening Test. is a reaction. I teach people to control their responses,
starting with becoming aware of what causes them in
the first place.
Extract 1
W: Well, your question brings up a number of issues, NUMBER 3. What is the main theme of the discussion?
particularly when it comes to food. Food is by far the NUMBER 4. What is the woman’s main point?
largest category aimed at children. Our surveys looked
at what’s being pushed, and it’s generally fatty, sugary
stuff – foods that don’t exactly contribute to a healthy Extract 3
balanced diet ... and kids are exposed to this whenever
W: Mr. Chambers, any idea why Farmland is so popular?
they watch TV. One of our main concerns is just the
sheer amount of what I’d call unhealthy food products M: You know, I really don’t see what all the fuss is about. I
that are being targeted at kids. From a nutritional point guess it’s for the rest of the people out there who don’t
of view, it’s completely irresponsible... consider themselves hardcore gamers like me. There
are lots of people wanting to socialize with their friends,
M: And just to add to what my colleague has said ...
and this is their way of doing it.
Looking at the bigger picture ... it brings up the question
of whether it’s right to pitch ads to kids, given that W: Do you think maybe it’s caught on because fewer and
they can’t really understand what’s going on – young fewer people actually farm? I wonder if farming has
children can’t necessarily distinguish between the ads now become as fanciful as Space Invader games for
that they see and the actual programs they’re watching. millions of people.
In fact, many products deliberately use characters that M: Yeah, it’s a fantasy. It’s something they wish they could
resemble popular cartoon characters. So ... is it okay to do but they can’t do in a big crowded city. People
do this to kids who don’t understand how they’re being just want to get back to something simpler. It almost
used and manipulated? reminds me of the organic movement – you know,
W: Yes, exactly, they don’t have a voice in all this, do they? they’re very interested in where their foods come from
these days. And in the same way, here you get to grow
NUMBER 1. What is the discussion mainly about? your own foods.
W: So Mr. Chambers, how are your crops doing this year?
NUMBER 2. What opinion does the woman hold?
M: I haven’t been paying enough attention to them, so
some of them are withering right now.
Extract 2
NUMBER 5. What are the speakers discussing?
M: So then, being aware of how it manifests itself is
important. NUMBER 6. How does Farmland make the man feel?

Transcript
Listening Part 1
Extract 4 Extract 5
M: Yet another app. to download. I see. But do you really M: Our biggest challenge is to persuade people that it’s
think it’ll catch on? an affordable wine. Social sippers in America have
W: Well everyone has a cell phone nowadays so the basic kind of an old perception of Bordeaux. They think it is
technology’s there already. And it’ll be more convenient expensive, hard to pronounce, hard to be educated on
than using cash or a credit card. In fact, if you think and only for special occasions.
about how credit cards have replaced cash – some W: I can understand that. After all, when you look at
airlines and restaurants, for example, won’t even the label, it’s all decorous chateaus and complex
accept cash payments. hierarchies of quality. It all seems a bit snobbish.
M: But will it be all that convenient, though? I mean getting M: Well, to try to overturn exactly these kinds of
out my cell phone at the cash register won’t be any perceptions, we’ve been working on a largely digital
easier than fishing out my credit card. campaign aimed at appealing to younger consumers.
W: True. But you need to take into consideration just how W: Yes, I’ve come across it. It uses video ads in the
many consumer products and services are handled taxis here in New York with geographical positioning
online. By linking your cell phone to credit, you’ll be technology to show passengers the closest shops that
able to use it wherever you are – at home, in the sell Bordeaux wines. Quite clever.
office or at the mall. And remember you can follow M: We’ve also struck a partnership with a social media
the transaction on your screen and get an immediate site, that allows consumers to review individual wines
picture of the exact state of your current finances. You and helps users find them. Under the agreement,
can’t do that with a credit card or a ten-dollar bill. reviews and recommendations from the site about
M: I suppose not. So when do you see this technology Bordeaux wines, especially the cheaper ones under
being available for the average consumer? $35, are being fed to the Bordeaux site so we get
feedback. These days it’s no surprise how many
NUMBER 7. What is the topic of the conversation? people check out a website before buying.
NUMBER 8. What is the man’s attitude?
NUMBER 9. What is the conversation about?
NUMBER 10. What is the man trying to convince the
audience about?
End of Part 1.
In this part of the listening test (items 11 – 20) you will hear 10 conversations between a man and a woman. After each
conversation, you will hear a question about what was stated or implied in each conversation. The questions are written in
your test booklet. For each question there are three answer choices A, B, or C. On the separate answer sheet, darken the
appropriate circle. You will hear each conversation only once.
Now listen to an example: You hear: Woman: But it’s unlikely to bring them victory. The splits
and bickering that’ve been taking place recently
The following is a conversation between two colleagues.
have left them divided.
Man:
Oh come on! Is this why you aren’t on speaking Man: Well, if they overcome their differences and form
terms anymore? a coalition, they might still be in the race.
Woman:
I could’ve put up with anything else, but when he
What might bring victory to the environmentalists?
pulled strings and got the position I had applied
for and – well, that was the last straw.
NUMBER 12. This conversation occurs between two
Man:
No way! He couldn’t have done that!
members of parliament.
Why is the woman upset?
W: Gloria Smith is seeking to chair the ethics committee
The correct answer to the question is C. this year. After that tax scandal last year, I don’t see
how she stands a chance.
Are there any questions before we begin?
M: I wouldn’t be too sure about that. The Minister holds
Now we will start Part 2 of the Listening Test. her in high regard and that will definitely tip the scales
in her favor.
NUMBER 11. The following is a conversation between W: True. But the opposition still won’t stand for it.
two political analysts.
What does the man believe is true about Gloria Smith?
Man: It’s interesting that as many as three parties are
vying for the votes of the environmentalists. That
should be enough choice to entice even habitual
non-voters to vote.

Transcript
NUMBER 13. The following is part of a conversation W: Just look on the bright side, at least this way she can’t
between graduate students in a science lab. be angry with you for not letting her know what they
were planning. After all, you’ve been colleagues for
M: You know Douglas received the grant he applied for.
over seven years.
His energy research is really coming into its own. I’ve
got to hand it to him. M: That wouldn’t have made any difference. I’d have kept
W: I know. It’s really cutting edge stuff he’s doing. I always my mouth shut if I’d known. Don’t they think I can be
thought he would make his mark on the field. trusted?
M: At this rate he’ll be up for a Nobel before I finish my Why is the man upset?
PhD!
What is true about Douglas’ research? NUMBER 18. The following is a conversation between
two environmentalists.
NUMBER 14. The following conversation takes place in W: European Greens tend to write America off as an ally
a manager’s office. because they see the American public as relatively
indifferent to global warming.
Woman: Thanks for coming, Alan. I wanted to have a
little chat with you. We’ve been at each others’ M: Well, in comparison with Japan, France and Spain,
throats too long. it’s true the U.S. hasn’t been pulling its weight. It did
choose not to ratify the Kyoto protocol, after all.
Man: I think we just got off on the wrong foot. And I guess
I do have a tendency to lose my temper easily. W: But that’s only the political face of America. I don’t think
the passionate argument about climate change going
Woman: Well, anyway. I’m glad we could clear the air like
on inside the U.S. is obvious to the rest of the world.
this.
What does the man think about the US policy on
Why did the woman want to speak to the man?
climate change?
NUMBER 15. The following is a conversation between

NUMBER 19. This conversation takes place in the
two colleagues.
manager of a TV station’s office.
W: You look worried. What’s wrong?
W: Mr. Weimer, I can understand your concern, but you
M: I heard through the grapevine that the CEO is planning have to remember it’s the viewers who have the final
to quit. If he does that then the chances are the project say.
that we’ve been working on for the past couple of
M: I don’t think you’re listening to what I’m saying.
months will be abandoned. I could be looking for a new
Because of reality shows, there’s been a 10 percent
post if I’m not careful.
nosedive in acting roles on TV – that’s over 3,500 jobs
W: I doubt your job will be on the line. In fact, you never for the kind of people I’m representing.
know, they might appoint you as the new coordinator
W: Well, on the other side of the coin, there’re more jobs
for the project!
for technicians. Perhaps you should represent them.
Why is the man worried?
Who does the man represent?

two colleagues.
two archeologists.
M: So how are you fitting in as press secretary?
M: Let’s check we’re all on the same page here. I’m
W: Well… it is a bit challenging. It’s not so much when I
suggesting evidence from ceramics points to a date in
have to give a statement. The toughest part’s setting
the mid 4th century B.C.E.
the ground rules for all the press conferences. You
can’t imagine how journalists get out of hand when they W:
Yes, I think we can take that for granted. My problem,
get a chance. if you remember, is that the temple itself is in a much
earlier style, so we must be missing evidence from an
M: I can. I had thought about putting in for that position
earlier period.
myself, but I don’t think I could ever stand the pressure.
M:
Or I could go out on a limb and suggest that that style
What does the woman think is difficult? continued much later than previously supposed.
What do the two people agree on?
two colleagues.
M: I can’t believe I was kept in the dark about Molly being End of Part 2.
transferred to our Chicago branch.

Transcript
Listening Part 1
In this part of the listening section (items 21 – 30), you will hear an interview held in a big international company. The
interview is taped for the benefit of managers in training seminars. It is between a psychologist, Dr. Wilkins, who specializes
in human resources, and a personnel officer.
The interview is broken up into five segments. You will hear each segment twice, followed by two multiple-choice
questions, which are also written in your test booklet. For each question, there are three answer choices, A, B, or C. On
the separate answer sheet, darken the appropriate circle.
Now we will hear the beginning of the interview, followed by an example.
You hear: are desires for security and stability. The organization
helps to satisfy employees’ safety needs by benefits.
I: We’re here with Dr Wilkins; she has a PhD. in
Level three – is social needs, the desires for affiliation.
psychology and is famous for her research on human
They include friendship and belonging. The supervisor
resources. She’s written a number of books on this topic
can help fulfill social needs by showing direct care and
and has been giving training seminars to international
concern for employees.
companies on how to enhance work performance.
My first question to you Dr. Wilkins is what motivates I: In our company we encourage friendship among
employees to reach peak performance? employees by organizing parties, sports teams and
celebrations so as to build a strong bond among
You read: What will the interview probably be about? employees. But please continue, you were going to talk
The correct answer to the question is C. about level four.
Now we will continue the interview. Are there any Now you will hear the piece again.
questions before we begin? NUMBER 23. According to Maslow which need
Now let’s continue. Listen carefully to the interview. motivates employees most?
NUMBER 24. How is friendship encouraged in the
W: Well, we all know that it’s motivation which influences interviewer’s company?
productivity. It isn’t an easy task, however, to increase
employee motivation because employees respond in W: Level four - Esteem needs are the desires for self-
different ways to their jobs and their organization’s respect and respect or recognition from others. The
practices. Motivation is the set of processes that moves organization helps to satisfy employees’ esteem needs
a person toward a goal. Thus, motivated behaviors by matching the skills and abilities of the employee to
are voluntary choices controlled by the individual the job. The supervisor can help fulfill esteem needs by
employee. showing workers that their work is appreciated. Level
I: I remember reading in your book that there are five – Self-actualization needs – are the desires for
factors affecting work motivation including individual self-fulfillment and the realization of the individual’s full
differences, job characteristics, and organizational potential. The supervisor can help fulfill self-actualization
practices. Could you possibly explain all this a little needs by assigning tasks that challenge employees’
further? minds while drawing on their aptitude and training.
W: Individual differences are the personal needs, values, I: No doubt you are referring to encouraging people to
and attitudes, interests and abilities that people bring develop their skills and continue their studies while they
to their jobs. Job characteristics are the aspects of the are at work. What about the process approach?
position that determine its limitations and challenges. W: The process approach emphasizes how and why
Organizational practices are the rules, human resource people choose certain behaviors in order to meet their
policies, managerial practices, and reward systems of personal goals. Process theories focus on external
an organization. Supervisors must learn how these influences or behaviors that people choose to meet
factors interact to affect employee job performance. their needs. External influences are often readily
Now you will hear the piece again. accessible to supervisors.
I: I’ve noticed that employees will compare their rewards
NUMBER 21. When does Dr. Wilkins say employees
with the rewards received by others for their efforts. If
produce most?
they perceive that an inequity exists, they are likely to
NUMBER 22. What can be inferred about supervisors? withhold some of their contributions, either consciously
or unconsciously. For example, if someone thinks they
I: From what I‘ve read, the theories of motivation are are not getting enough pay for their work, they will try
based on two approaches, the content approach to get that pay increased or reduce the amount of work
and the process approach. What exactly are these that they are doing. On the other hand, when a worker
approaches? thinks they are being paid too much for the work they
W: The content theories focus on the needs that motivate are doing, they tend to increase the amount of work.
people. Maslow in 1954 published his theory on Now you will hear the piece again.
Motivation and Personality. He identifies five levels of
need. A satisfied need is NOT a motivator. The most NUMBER 25. How does the supervisor satisfy esteem
powerful need is the one that has not been satisfied. needs?
Level one – is the basic human needs – food, water NUMBER 26. According to the interviewer, how do well-
and comfort – which the organization helps to satisfy paid employees react?
with a paycheck. Level two – is the safety needs which

Transcript
W: Workers not only compare their own inputs and to discourage a target behavior by the application of
outputs; they also compare their input/output ratio with negative outcomes whenever it is possible. Extinction
the input/output ratio of other workers. If one work team is the absence of any reinforcement, either positive or
believes they are doing more work than a similar team negative, following the occurrence of a target behavior.
for the same pay, their sense of fairness will be violated Reinforcement is based primarily on the work of B.F.
and they will tend to reduce the amount of work they Skinner, a psychologist, who experimented with the
are doing. It is a normal human inclination to want theories of operant conditioning. Skinner’s work shows
things to be fair. Bowditch and Buono note that while that many behaviors can be controlled through the
equity theory was originally concerned with differences use of rewards. In fact, a person might be influenced
in pay, it may be applied to other forms of tangible and to change his or her behavior by giving him or her
intangible rewards in the workplace. That is, if any input rewards. Employees who do an exceptionally good
is not balanced with some fair output, the motivation job on a particular project should be rewarded for
process will be difficult. Supervisors must manage the that performance. It will motivate them to try to do an
perception of fairness in the mind of each employee. If exceptional job on their next project. Employees must
subordinates think they are not being treated fairly, it is associate the reward with the behavior. In other words,
difficult to motivate them. the employee must know for what specifically he or
I: That seems logical, but Dr. Wilkins, I’d also like you to she is being rewarded! The reward should come as
tell us a few things about reinforcement. quickly as possible after the behavior. The reward can
be almost anything, but it must be something desired
Now you will hear the piece again. by the employee. Some of the most powerful rewards
NUMBER 27. According to the interviewer, how do are symbolic; things that cost very little but mean a lot
workers know that they are treated fairly? to the people who get them - like “Thank you.”
NUMBER 28. What makes the motivation process Now you will hear the piece again.
difficult according to Dr. Wilkins? NUMBER 29. What must employees do to increase their
performance?
W: Positive reinforcement creates a pleasant consequence
by using rewards to increase the likelihood that a NUMBER 30. How does Wilkins describe symbolic
behavior will be repeated. Negative reinforcement rewards?
occurs when a person engages in behavior to avoid
unpleasant consequences or to escape from existing End of Part 3.
unpleasant consequences. Punishment is an attempt
In this part of the listening test (items 31 – 40), you will hear a talk in two parts, held at an environmental conference on the
green house effect. You will hear each part only once. Each part is followed by five questions. The questions are written
in your test booklet. For each question there are three answer choices A, B, or C. On the separate answer sheet, darken
the appropriate circle. If you wish, you may take notes in the space provided below.
Now listen to the beginning of the talk followed by an changeable at the moment and thus, the measurement of
example. humanity’s effect is vitally important. Reacting to climate
change depends on knowing what is going on. Fortunately,
You hear:
the past year has seen the publication of a series of results
Thank you Professor Hadley. Ladies and gentlemen, the that help us to understand our current situation.
climate changes. It always has done and it always will. In
Now we are able to say with a high degree of certainty that
the past 2 million years the temperature has gone up and
the climate is warming. During this conference we have
down like a yo-yo, as ice ages have alternated with warmer
heard again and again that the 10 years from 1994 to 2004
interglacial periods. Even on a smaller scale, in the last
were the warmest since measurements began. We’ve
10,000 years we’ve seen periods of relative cooling and
seen reports showing that the amount of sea ice has fallen
warmth lasting from decades to centuries. Against such a
by a staggering 8% in the past 30 years, and we’ve also
noisy background, it’s hard to detect the signal from any
learnt that Greenland’s ice cap is melting more rapidly than
changes caused by humanity’s increased economic activity.
ever. We’ve even heard about a link between increased
You read: According to the speaker, what is difficult to sea-surface temperatures and the increased frequency of
measure? tropical storms.
The correct answer to the question is B. The evidence, in other words, appears overwhelming. That
said, there are still a number of uncertainties. For instance,
Now we will continue the talk. Are there any questions
the solar hypothesis isn’t yet dead. There are a few
before we begin?
researchers who agree with the data showing a warming
Now, let’s continue. Listen carefully to the talk. You trend, but who argue that this may be caused not by man
may take notes. but by nature, in the form of minute changes in the sun’s
heat output over 11-year cycles.
However, it’s undeniable that the climate seems particularly
Another issue is that a second type of pollutant, aerosols,

Transcript
Listening Part 1
promotes the formation of clouds. These reflect sunlight away of which represents a way that carbon-dioxide emissions
from Earth and thus reverse the effect of greenhouse gases. might be reduced. We do not need to eliminate them
Some have seen this as a possible counterbalance and, altogether, merely those in the stabilization zone. This task
indeed, this has been noticed in several parts of the world. is, I feel, far more achievable than trying to stop greenhouse
emissions altogether.
Yet despite these two areas of doubt, human activity seems
to be the most likely cause for warming. And the question is These steps are broad ways of curbing carbon dioxide
what, if anything, can or should be done about it. emissions. Each of these steps can then be broken
down into practical sub-steps. For instance, one step, the
One option, of course, is to do nothing. Indeed, it is often
production of electricity without coal, might include sub-
forgotten that parts of the world would benefit from a hotter
steps, such as nuclear power, or investing in renewable
climate. In particular, a gentle warming would extend the
energy.
crop-growing season in places such as Canada, allowing
for increased agricultural production. More importantly, In order to achieve this, and thus limit greenhouse gasses,
the warming of the Arctic would lead to the melting of the there initially needs to be an improvement in existing
ice, and this in turn would allow us to travel through areas technologies, such as ways of generating electricity from
which were once locked in ice. The clearing of sea ice renewable energy sources. We should also start building
might also permit oil-drilling in places that were previously what might be called “emissions awareness”, by which I
inaccessible, such as Siberia. On the other hand, countries mean the education of the public about the huge range of
such as Holland would be flooded and coastal cities around things that either generate or consume power, and how
the world would have to be abandoned. they can reduce their power consumption. In the long term,
this may even be seen by some firms as a new business
Most experts then, agree that the primary danger lies in
opportunity.
too sudden a warming, risking serious, unpleasant and in
some cases irreversible changes to our planet and our way The approach also encourages changes in the way we
of life. We’ve heard a great deal of debate over the last few think. Many environmentalists want to get away from
days here about how far the temperature can rise before fossil-fuel use and thus keep the carbon dioxide that they
things get really nasty, and how much carbon dioxide generate out of the atmosphere, though they would reject a
would be needed to drive the process. Unfortunately, most move towards nuclear power. I think there could be a way
scientific models of the climate are not accurate enough to to balance that way of thinking and ways to continue using
convince the people who make important decisions about fossil fuels.
the environment. Of course, the Kyoto protocol was a good
In conclusion, the first step should be the simplest;
start.
reforestation. Simply replanting the equivalent of what is
NUMBER 31. According to the speaker, what is the being lost would thus make a useful contribution. Indeed,
main point discussed so far during the conference? the Kyoto protocol allows rich countries to pay poor ones to
do just that. However, I would like to propose an addition to
NUMBER 32. According to the speaker, what does the
the Kyoto protocol, providing an incentive to rich countries
solar hypothesis claim?
not to cut the trees down in the first place. Changing that
NUMBER 33. According to the speaker, what connection is something that even the most skeptical environmentalist
may aerosols have with greenhouse gasses? would surely applaud.
NUMBER 34. What does the speaker say about the
NUMBER 36. What does the speaker propose should be
consequences of global warming?
done with the Kyoto protocol?
NUMBER 35. According to the speaker, what are
NUMBER 37. What are the steps the speaker mentions?
experts most concerned about?
NUMBER 38. According to the speaker, what should the
I think of the Kyoto Protocol as a preliminary agreement public be educated about?
and as such it will make only a small difference. But I would
NUMBER 39. What does the speaker suggest?
like to propose a way to improve upon it by supplementing
it with technological fixes. We need to look at the current NUMBER 40. What does the speaker suggest rich
situation and how it can be stabilized. Let’s call the countries pay poor countries to do?
difference between these two the ‘stabilization zone’.
That zone can be divided into a number of steps, each End of Part 4. End of the Listening Test.

Answer Key
Listening Section GVR Section

1 A 41 D 81 D 121 C
2 C 42 C 82 C 122 C
3 A 43 C 83 C 123 A
4 C 44 C 84 C 124 B
5 B 45 A 85 B 125 A
6 C 46 A 86 A 126 C
7 A 47 D 87 D 127 C
8 B 48 D 88 A 128 A
9 A 49 D 89 D 129 D
10 A 50 A 90 B 130 A
11 B 51 A 91 B 131 D
12 A 52 A 92 A 132 C
13 C 53 B 93 D 133 A
14 B 54 D 94 B 134 B
15 B 55 D 95 D 135 B
16 A 56 A 96 B 136 D
17 A 57 B 97 A 137 C
18 A 58 D 98 D 138 D
19 A 59 B 99 A 139 A
20 C 60 A 100 C 140 A
21 A 61 C 101 C
22 Β 62 A 102 C
23 A 63 B 103 A
24 A 64 D 104 B
25 A 65 A 105 C
26 Β 66 B 106 A
27 A 67 A 107 A
28 A 68 D 108 C
29 Β 69 B 109 A
30 C 70 D 110 A
31 A 71 C 111 A
32 A 72 C 112 C
33 C 73 C 113 B
34 B 74 B 114 A
35 B 75 A 115 C
36 A 76 B 116 C
37 B 77 A 117 C
38 A 78 B 118 C
39 C 79 D 119 A
40 C 80 D 120 A

HELLENIC AMERICAN UNIVERSITY HELLENIC AMERICAN UNIVERSITY HELLENIC AMERICAN UNIVERSITY HELLENIC
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY HELLENIC AMERICAN UNIVERSITY HELLENIC AMERICAN UNIVERSITY HELLENIC AMERICAN
UNIVERSITY HELLENIC AMERICAN UNIVERSITY HELLENIC AMERICAN UNIVERSITY HELLENIC AMERICAN UNIVERSITY

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ALCE

Sample Test 2011

Material developed by Hellenic American University,

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Look at the LISTENING and GVR sections.

© Hellenic American University • January 2011 3

The correct answer to the question is A. A B C

10 What is the man trying to convince the

4 © Hellenic American University • January 2011

© Hellenic American University • January 2011 5

21 When does Dr. Wilkins say employees produce most?

A when they are motivated

22 What can be inferred about supervisors?

A Their individual needs should not affect their jobs.

23 According to Maslow, which need motivates employees most?

A a need that has not been satisfied

24 How is friendship encouraged in the interviewer’s company?

6 © Hellenic American University • January 2011

25 How does the supervisor satisfy esteem needs?

26 According to the interviewer, how do well-paid employees react?

27 According to the interviewer, how do workers know that they are

28 What makes the motivation process difficult according to Dr.

29 What must employees do to increase their performance?

30 How does Wilkins describe symbolic rewards?

© Hellenic American University • January 2011 7

31 According to the speaker, what is the main point discussed so

32 According to the speaker, what does the solar hypothesis claim?

A Man is not to blame for global warming.

33 According to the speaker, what connection may aerosols have

A They are a major cause of greenhouse gasses.

34 What does the speaker say about the consequences of global

A It may benefit coastal towns and cities.

8 © Hellenic American University • January 2011

35 According to the speaker, what are experts most concerned

A It should be improved by additions.

37 What are the steps the speaker mentions?

A means of monitoring carbon dioxide

38 According to the speaker, what should the public be educated

A alternative ways to consume power

39 What does the speaker suggest?

A using nuclear power

40 What does the speaker suggest rich countries pay poor

A to cut down trees

END OF THE LISTENING SECTION.

© Hellenic American University • January 2011 9

Grammar, Vocabulary & Reading Section Instructions

The correct answer is B. A B C D

The correct answer is C. A B C D

The correct answer is B. A B C D

45  in some countries is education, 52  received engineering degrees as they

12 © Hellenic American University • January 2011

© Hellenic American University • January 2011 13

72 Some geneticists claim altering embryos 79  as well as controls on over-fishing can

74 People feel tired after eating the

75 Some scientists believe that brain waves are

76 Many of the youngsters in Britain in

14 © Hellenic American University • January 2011

81 A promotion to the position of manager usually 88 Vitamin D causes various bone

© Hellenic American University • January 2011 15

10 What is the man trying to convince the

21 When does Dr. Wilkins say employees produce most?

22 What can be inferred about supervisors?

A Their individual needs should not affect their jobs.

23 According to Maslow, which need motivates employees most?

24 How is friendship encouraged in the interviewer’s company?

25 How does the supervisor satisfy esteem needs?

26 According to the interviewer, how do well-paid employees react?

27 According to the interviewer, how do workers know that they are

28 What makes the motivation process difficult according to Dr.

29 What must employees do to increase their performance?

30 How does Wilkins describe symbolic rewards?

31 According to the speaker, what is the main point discussed so

32 According to the speaker, what does the solar hypothesis claim?

33 According to the speaker, what connection may aerosols have

A They are a major cause of greenhouse gasses.

34 What does the speaker say about the consequences of global

35 According to the speaker, what are experts most concerned

37 What are the steps the speaker mentions?

38 According to the speaker, what should the public be educated

39 What does the speaker suggest?

40 What does the speaker suggest rich countries pay poor

45 in some countries is education, 52 received engineering degrees as they

72 Some geneticists claim altering embryos 79 as well as controls on over-fishing can

74 People feel tired after eating the

75 Some scientists believe that brain waves are

76 Many of the youngsters in Britain in

81 A promotion to the position of manager usually 88 Vitamin D causes various bone

114 Smart cards and mobile phones are quickly

115 India the world market in mobile-

122 What is the main function of the second paragraph?

123 What is Hammersmith’s overall opinion of Khrushchev?

124 According to Hammersmith, what did Khrushchev want most of all?

125 What was the end result of Khrushchev’s risk-taking?

127 What is the reviewer’s opinion of Inside the Cold War?

5 When should people be given a second chance? Explain.