Nalla Malla Reddy Engineering College
Nalla Malla Reddy Engineering College
INTERNSHIP REPORT
(Submitted by)
K Venkateshwar reddy - 16B61A0465
K Ganesh - 16B61A0470
P Pavan kumar -16B61A04A4
CONTENTS :
Acknowledgement ……………………………..……. 2
Executive summary ……………………………..…... 3
Internship Objectives ………………………….…….. 45
1 . Introduction …………………………………...…... 67
2 . Description of the internship
2.1 Video surveillance system in railway stations……………...89
2.2 Requirement for installation of Surveillance cctv……….....912
2.3 CCTV system and cameras………………………………....1216
2.4 Video surveillance: primary means of threat detection…...1720
2.5 Railway environment and IVS system……………………....21
2.6 System architecture…………………………………………….22
2.7 Video processing unit(VPU) or Smart cameras……………..23
2.8 Video analytics server and Video client……………………...24
2.9 IVS Today : Common themes………………………………...2527
3 . Weekly overview of internship activities …….. 28
4 . Reflection on the internship ……………..……... 29
5 . Conclusion ……………………………………….... 30
6 . Bibliography …………………………………….…. 31
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Post Internship Report
Acknowledgements
From May 27th, 2019 to June 08th, 2019, I had the privilege and
pleasure of joining a team of dedicated employees and trainers of south
central railways. The goal of this internship was to learn about the
working of video surveillance systems at railway station in signal and
telecom department Under the direction of MR.Kumaran ,Sr.DSTE/HYD
(Telecom department of South Central Railway), we a team of 3 students
worked within the railway station.
The two weeks we spent in railway station were immensely great in
terms of exposure to the security system of indian railways. This
experience was equally enriching for myself and the other students with
whom we interacted.
I specifically would like to acknowledge and extend my sincere thanks
for MR Narsimha rao (telecom department) and the other supervisors
who participated in this internship. They helped us in all possible ways to
solve our doubts regarding application and implementation of
knowledge. It has been a great experience to work under their
supervision as they always kept my morale high. I would also like to
thank my friends with whom I worked as interns and staff of Video
surveillance department of indian railways., who helped me directly or
indirectly throughout our training. Finally I apologise all other unnamed
who helped me in various ways to have a safe and good training.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
As the world becomes less safe, businesses, institutions with valuable
assets need to take precautions to protect themselves and their property.
In many instances, CCTV system is the best answer to crime detection
and prevention. CCTV cameras are springing up all over the place. One
of the reasons for the increased implementation of CCTV is its deterrent
ability. It has been observed that over twothirds of burglars would
probably or definitely not burgle premises that had CCTV installed. By
setting a network of CCTV cameras on your premises, many locations
can be viewed from a single monitor, thus decreasing your need for
expensive manned guarding or ‘STOP AND SEARCH’ checks. Even the
simple physical presence of CCTV cameras serves to generate a feeling
of safety with your customers, visitors and employees. In situations
where cameras have been placed in prominent locations, unscrupulous
insurance claims and assaults on members of staff dealing with the
public have been vastly reduced.
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INTERNSHIP OBJECTIVES
● Apply Classroom Theory.
● Skill Development .
● Personal Development .
● Analyze quantitative data, statistical data or human social
situations .
● Assume responsibility for varied duties and job function.
● Classify and sort information into categories .
● Compile statistical data, facts or information .
● Complete homework, correspondence studies, etc assigned by
supervisor .
● Crosstrain with different coworkers or supervisors .
● Make decisions or alternatives within a certain situation .
● Demonstrate the ability to perform certain job functions previously
unknown .
● Delegate tasks to others or give responsibility to others on a work
team .
● Develop a working knowledge of various job processes and/or
duties .
● Express ideas to individuals or to groups .
● Find and research information from various sources or people that
can be helpful .
● Improve skills in shorthand, typing, office machines, etc
● Initiate personal contacts or new ideas and ways of doing things .
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● Interpret other languages or meaning of statistical data .
● Investigate by seeking the underlying causes of a problem .
● Learn the techniques of operating new equipment, new
procedures at the job site.
● Memorize data, lists, etc, that may be necessary on the job.
● Persuade by influencing others to see your point of view.
● Plan and organize a project .
● Write correspondence, reports, memos, programs, sales
presentations, promotional brochures or sales manuals.
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1.INTRODUCTION
Maintaining efficient rail operation at highest levels of customer
satisfaction are important benchmarks for modern railways working in a
competitive market. Many rail operational areas are already well covered
through with dedicated telecommunication solutions such as eWBB,
Passenger Information Systems and railway multiservice bearer
networks.Video surveillance systems in Railways is a further idea which
helps railways to achieve their operational targets. Digital video
surveillance provides direct access to information relevant to supervise
and adapt ongoing railway operation. Automatic processing of this
information can be used to provide decision criteria for traffic scheduling,
advanced passenger and crowd management inside stations and on
platforms. Modern video analysis tools access these video streams and
can automatically provide supportive information relevant to disaster
prevention, access control for passenger and freight services on board
and to ground based staff.
In recent years the rail industry has increased its focus on security and
passenger safety provoked by a rise in incidences of violent acts such as
robbery, vandalism, and even terrorism. The bombing events in Spain
and Britain are signs that rail and metro systems are also vulnerable
points for carrying out terrorist attacks against large groups of people. In
order to reassure passengers and maintain their competitiveness in the
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transport market, rail operators need to deploy a comprehensive security
plan for their rail systems.
But how do you effectively protect an infrastructure as geographically
diverse as a rail system? With stations, tunnels, tracks, bridges, and
rolling stock dispersed over hundreds of kilometers, it presents quite a
formidable challenge. The difficulty with actively surveying and protecting
the rail stations compared to an airport for example has to do with the
fact that people can enter and exit the train system almost anywhere
along the line. Passengers expect to move freely and rapidly, therefore
the system has been optimized to move large numbers of people in and
out in a short period of time. This flow through of people is one of the
primary differentiators of rail over air travel and is often advertised as a
competitive advantage. An airport has a one time screening of all
passengers which is effective in eliminating a threat after a person has
passed into the protected area. Implementing security features such as
metal detectors, explosive detectors, and baggage xray are effective.
Doing the same in rail and subjecting the passengers to a one by one
screening is impractical from a cost and scheduling perspective, and
would discourage passengers from choosing rail as their transport of
choice. Faced with these constraints the rail industry has turned to
alternate methods of implementing security for its passengers and
infrastructures.
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2.DESCRIPTION OF INTERNSHIP
2.1 VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Video Surveillance System shall be preferably end to end IP based with
either IP cameras or single/multi channel encoders placed along with
analog camera as per site requirement. The recording of the video shall
be on an open architecture, non embedded based recorder server from
reputed manufacturers like IBM/HP/Dell.The system shall be able to
work on both wired as well as wireless network. The wireless network is
envisaged for extreme areas like, yards, foot over bridges and any other
area in the station where cabling is difficult to install and maintain.The
entire system shall be based on non proprietary open architecture where
the Video Management software can work and integrate with any make
of standard cameras, and IT hardware
Video Surveillance System to be provided at stations and other railways
installations shall consist of Fixed cameras / Fixed dome camera, PTZ
Dome cameras, Single/multi channel Encoders, Recording Servers and
PC’s to view on TFT/LCD monitors and associated Ethernet cable, fiber
cable, video cable, power cable, twisted pair cable etc.It shall be
possible to integrate the surveillance system using the existing LAN /
WAN infrastructure on optical / microwave backbone network of
Railways.In IP based video surveillance system, the cameras shall be
provided at different
locations so that the output is available as ethernet and connected to the
backbone to the control room.Each camera shall have a video at
4CIF/2CIF and 25 frames and a dual stream capability such that the
viewing and recording at different resolutions and frames per second are
possible.The storage shall be on a recording server which will be a
standard IBM/HP/Dell/ make PC server. The recording shall be
preferably stored for atleast 7 days at 4CIF/2CIF, 25 frames per second.
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In small stations, the viewing and recording shall take place in different
or same PC server as required by purchaser.
Possible applications of analytics software over the IP based video
surveillance system, for required number of cameras for specific
stations, as defined by purchaser shall include generating various type of
alarms on the basis of size of object and direction of movement. etc.
2.2 Requirement for installation of Surveillance cctv
General Requirements:
Original Equipment Manufacturer of Video Surveillance System shall
have base and service support in all major cities of India or through
authorized partners.Manufactured products shall have quality system
compliance and shall be UL and EN and FCC certified.The Video
Management software should be able to integrate any make of standard
cameras. It should be preferable that all IP cameras, Encoders
connected to Analog cameras and Video management software should
be from the same manufacturer as all these equipments communicate
directly with each other.
All the encoders, IP cameras shall be freely accessible and
programmable from the control room. It shall be possible to view any
camera from the Divisional, Zonal Headquarters and from the Railway
Board at the time of emergency or when ever desired. Every control
room of surveillance system shall be capable of getting connected to the
optical or other communication backbone of Railways and shall be
preferably air conditioned to ensure proper reliability of video
surveillance system.The power supply available at the stations shall be
230 V / 50 Hz AC +/ 10%.
All modules of the surveillance system should work using this power
supply only with requisite converters, if required.All the cameras and
other modules of Video Surveillance System shall be modular in
construction. In case of upgradation of such modules in future, it shall be
possible to upgrade them without replacing the entire modules.All
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equipments in the control room shall be mounted in 19” rack and shall be
kept in AC environment.
Field equipments should have minimum operating temperature of 500 C
& shall be IP 66 complaint.
Technical Requirements:
IP based Video surveillance System for all type of stations should mainly
consist of the following:
i. High resolution Fixed box type color camera with vari focal lens along
with housing and mount.
ii. High resolution Fixed Dome type color camera with lens and housing.
iii. P/T/Z dome color camera (day / night) with 26X Zoom lens.
iv. Single/multi Channel Video encoder in case IP camera is not used
with each port capable of 25 frames and 4 CIF/ 2CIF resolution. This
item will not be required if cameras are IP.
v. Wireless Transmitter/Receiver Unit for yards etc.
vi. 20” LCD/TFT Monitor or viewing.
vii. Digital keyboard for PTZ functionality.
viii. PC Work Station Client Station for viewing on LCD monitor.
ix. Server Hardware.
x. Network Attached Storage (NAS) / RAID Storage Device.
xi. RG 11 armoured video cable.
xii. Armoured 3 core 1.5 sq. mm power cable.
xii. Armoured twisted pair shielded cable.
xiii Optical fiber cable.
xiv. Access Switches.
xv. Aggregation Switches.
xvi. UPS.
xvii. UTP Cat6 cable for Network etc.
xviii. Software inclusive of server software and client software for end to
end IP based Video surveillance system.
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Fixed box type cameras shall normally be provided in Parking area,
Entrance/Exit, Main Entrance/Exit, platforms, yards or any other
locations decided by purchaser, whereas fixed dome type cameras shall
be provided In the waiting halls, ticket counters, reservation counters,
offices etc.
High speed P/T/Z dome cameras shall normally be provided in
platforms, foot over bridges etc. and for general perimeter surveillance.
Wireless system shall normally be used for far away locations, where
cabling is difficult to be installed & maintain like yards, extreme corners
of stations etc.
Video Surveillance System consisting of various items as mentioned in
above Para shall be as per RDSO specification and schematic shown in
diagram
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Maintenance:
Staff are to be trained for maintenance of video surveillance system by
system manufacturer and system integrator during installation &
commissioning of system.
Annual Maintenance Contract should be given to system integrator for
proper upkeep of system.
Necessary action is to be taken to ensure uptime better than 99.5% in
consultation with manufacturer of video surveillance system & system
integrator.
2.3 CCTV system and cameras
CCTV System
Closedcircuit television (CCTV) System is the use of video cameras to
transmit a signal to a specific, limited set of monitors. CCTV is often
used for surveillance in areas which need security, such as banks,
Railways, and airports or military installations. CCTV Cameras A
security camera is used in surveillance to monitor public or private areas
that need to be monitored for security reasons. Modern security cameras
use closedcircuit television (CCTV) technology, which employs video
cameras that transmit signals to a specific limited set of monitors.
Types of CCTV Cameras
1. Indoor Camera Indoor Camera as its name suggests used for
indoor security mechanism.
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Outdoor Camera Outdoor camera is used for outdoor places. They are
mostly used for entry and exit points with limited night lighting. These
Cameras have hard shell vandalproof casings.
Dome Camera Dome cameras are installed inside a dark dome and are
designed in a way that they go unnoticed by visitors. These cameras can
be rotated and tilted manually. Dome cameras are used in public places
like railway stations, bus terminals, and other areas where there is a
huge gathering of people.
Bullet Camera Bullet cameras are placed inside Bullet shaped housing,
and they are used in residential places as well as commercial places.
They are small in size, have an integrated design and waterproof also.
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Vandal Proof Camera Vandal Proof cameras are used as outdoor
security cameras. These cameras are sheltered within solid material and
covered by a “hub” of breakproof glass which doesn’t affect the quality
of the video. It is difficult to break these cameras and this makes them
perfect for high security.
Hidden Camera Hidden cameras are compact in size and are used for
secret monitoring. They are usually installed in public places. Hidden
cameras have a builtin recorder that records and broadcasts
simultaneously.
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Pan Tilt Zoom (PTZ) Camera Pantiltzoom camera offers the ability to
view and zoom in all directions. We can even set the camera to
automatically rotate to different fields of vision.
Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
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Connecting Surveillance DVR
1. Plug all cameras BNC video connectors into the DVR.
2. Now plug in power connectors for each camera cable into the power
connection
3. Plug in the power connector for Surveillance DVR on the back DC 12
volts.
4. If connecting the DVR to the internet it can also plug in network cable
to the network connector as marked on the back panel of DVR.
5. Now system is ready to connect a monitor to Surveillance System
plug in VGA from the monitor to the DVR.
6. Now connect the DVR mouse located on the panel of the DVR.
7. Now turn on DVR by using the power on/off switch on the rear panel.
Surveillance system is now ready to use.
To get full screen size of any display, double click the mouse after
keeping cursor on that display.
To view the display of specific day and time
Suppose we want the views of camera number7, installed at platform
number 1, in front of main entrance, of date 12.05.2015. Right click the
mouse on the screen. Select SEARCH, Enter user name and Password
and select OK. A Screen display at top of Right hand side, select date 12
and month May. Now Select camera Number 7. Screen also displays
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green line containing time 0 to 24 hrs. Select the time for which view has
to be seen. For view the current activities, Right click the screen.
2.4 Video Storage system
Full HD video surveillance streams from hundreds or thousands of
cameras like seen in larger scale deployments require state of the art
highcapacity & highperformance storage system.
Video Storage solution include IPSAN networks supporting data write
speeds of 24GB/S at a single location.
Highlights
•Flexible Video stream distribution/forwarding storage
• Multilevel users access management
• Energy conservation mechanisms to lower consumption, extend hard
disk lifetime, protect
•I/O load balancing, multiroutes to application servers, autonomous
handover, automatic recovery
•Flexible System performance upgrade under full service with no outage
•Flexible Upscaling of Storage capacity
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Saving of Video Clips in Pen Drive from DVR
1. Insert Pen Drive in USB port of DVR
2. Right click mouse on screen of TV
3. Click on Search
4. You will be prompted to enter User Name & Password
5. Enter user name & pass word
6. Select the date for which video clips are required to save
7. Select the frame of camera to be recorded i.e. 1,4, 16
8. Select the channel numbers which are to be saved
9. Play video by click on time bar i.e. 0 to 24 hrs
10. Click on cut sign
11. Click on time hour digit & set appropriate time hours, minutes &
Seconds (Start to end)
12. Click on start
13. After completion of saving click on ok
Important Instructions
1. Location of CCTV camera shall be jointly decided at the level of
Divisional Telecom & commercial/RPF officers.
2. CCTV camera shall be procured as per RDSO Specifications.
3. OFC connectivity may be insured between OFC hut and CCTV
camera Location.
4. The physical distance between OFC hut to CCTV camera location
shall not be more than 50 meters in case of use of Ethernet cable.
Necessary interface may be provided to maintain quality of outputs
wherever required.
5. OFC cable/ Ethernet cable between OFC huts to CCTV camera
location may be laid underground. If not feasible, outdoor cable shall be
intact through HDPE pipe with proper joints.
6. Proper earthing with SPD shall be provided for each CCTV camera.
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7. Gigabyte Managed switch with suitable standard rack shall be
included where more than one CCTV camera required at a particular
location.
8. Required power supply of equipments shall be provided through
online UPS.
9. 20% spares of equipment shall be catered in the estimate.
10. The storage of CCTV camera footage and clipping of CCTV camera
shall be under control of Commercial/Security department. They may
provide any clipping to other agencies as per extant rule.
11. All cameras and switches shall be connected preferably through
optical connectivity.
12. Fixed dome cameras shall be provided at the location of gathering
such as platforms, waiting halls, concourse etc.
13. Fixed box camera shall be provided at the places of movement such
as entry/exists, escalators, FOBs, staircases, ATVM, UTS/PRS counters
etc.
14. PTZ cameras shall only be provided with disaster recovery facility.
For that one of the servers shall be located at telecom premises of
divisional headquarter.
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2.4 Video Surveillance: Primary means of threat
detection
A fundamental tool to support a rail security process is the video
surveillance system. Video surveillance today is all about getting the
right images at the right time. Video surveillance serves not only to
monitor, but to provide information proactively so that security managers
can be quicker in responding to potential issues and threats. Traditional
video surveillance systems depend heavily on human interaction to help
spot potential threats. As the number of camera feeds continues to grow
the number of human resources necessary to view and analyze those
feeds also grows. Over the past few years a lot of effort and research
has been put into Intelligent Video Surveillance (IVS) or what is also
known as "video analytics" .
The main objective of "video analytics" is to take the monotony of
viewing a video stream from the camera operator and only alert him
when a predefined activity has been detected. This involves the accurate
detection of objects and humans in a complex visual environment. IVS
has also been catalyzed by the change from traditional analog based
video systems to all digital IP based systems. In these systems the video
images are digitized into a format that can be analyzed using computer
based image processing.
Meanwhile, the video is also compressed for efficient utilization of
network bandwidth and I or storage media. The main objective of any
video surveillance is to increase security of the area being monitored. An
IVS systems objective is to provide increased security by reducing the
costs of human resources as well as decrease the complexity involved
with having to monitor many cameras simultaneously. Ultimately the IVS
system is an aid in helping the camera operator to detect potential
security risks.
An IVS system is always monitoring and analyzing a scene even at
times when the camera operator cannot. In analyzing a scene the IVS
system is cross checking with a set of predefined rules to see if any rules
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have been broken and then puts an alert on the man machine interface.
It is the operator that will ultimately judge if a threat actually exists and
what action to take.
2.5 Railway Environment and IVS systems
A reliable IVS system needs to be adapted to the rail environment in
order to be reliable. The railway environment is typically filled with a
large influx of commuters during peak hours but much less during off
peak hours. This helps to characterize the son of security threats that
may occur at different times of the day. A vandal may choose to paint
graffiti or remove a poster during offpeak hours because there is less
chances of witnesses. A terrorist may choose to set off a bomb during
peak hours to cause more casualties. The railway environment can be
further divided into onboard (within a train car) and wayside (within a
train station or track/tunnel) settings.
Wayside applications have the advantage of strategic camera placement
which gives optimal fields of view. Placing camera's high above people's
heads gives a bird's eye view advantage of the scene. It is the field of
view that ultimately impacts the sort of scene that will be captured
Onboard applications have limited height advantage therefore the scene
captured by the camera is often cluttered with passengers. The solution
here is to deploy multiple cameras from different angles in the same car.
A further constraint associated with on board video is the bandwidth and
continuity of the wireless system used to stream the video to the control
center. In these situations efficient compression algorithms like MPEG4
or H264 will limit the bandwidth demands to within the range required for
real time transmission using 802.11 WiFi radio technologies.
For onboard applications the use of intelligent IP cameras, with
embedded IVS capabilities becomes a necessity. A method to limit the
use of scarce radio channel resources is to transmit to the control center
only the video streams of the cameras with an alarm situation.
Concurrently, the video can be viewed Vla a monitor in the cab for the
train operator and stored using a digital video recorder.
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2.6 System Architecture
There are two main architectures for IVS systems. However one has
clear disadvantages over the other and is quickly becoming obsolete in
systems designed from the ground up. The two architectures are
presented in Figure "At The Edge" Architecture "Centralized"
Architecture O o o vpu Figure : IVS Architecture Comparison In the "At
the Edge" architecture, devices with embedded intelligence such as
"smart" IP cameras or Video Processing Units perform video analytics on
the captured video stream . Therefore, the metadata and compressed
video stream is produced simultaneously.
Metadata from the edge devices is sent to the Video Analytics Server for
storage
(1). The Video Analytics Server's task is relatively light therefore a ratio 1
per 100 cameras is feasible. The Video Server is used to associate the
alerts from the camera with the camera's video stream in order to direct
any requests from clients to view live streams
(2). Any alert or events produced from the metadata is ultimately sent to
the IVS Client Application
(3)which has the choice to acknowledge the alert and view the video
stream associated with the alert or notify other clients such as mobile
personnel via wireless links
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(4). In the Centralized Architecture, the compressed video from IP
cameras or Video Encoders is sent to the
2.7 Video Processing Unit (VPU) or Smart Camera
The VPU or Smart Camera is tasked with carrying out the lowlevel
algorithms to perform video analysis as well as video compression. A
Video Processing unit is able to take in multiple analog cameras.
Depending on the processing power, it may perform video analysis along
with video compression simultaneously on all or only some of the
camera inputs. A smart camera is normally capable of performing these
functions at the same time.
The lower level algorithms for video analytics involve
1.Scene Segmentation
2.Object Detection and Description
3.Object Tracking
The video is analyzed in realtime. Scene segmentation is used in order
to separate the background from the foreground. Basically the video
analytics software is interested in understanding what the static
unchanging scene is versus what is moving around in front of it [3]. The
softw•are also runs edge detection algorithms to find the contours of the
moving scene which is the basis of object detection. Once all the objects
are detected they have a number of parameters assigned which form the
object's description. These parameters may include size, color, speed
and direction. This is also commonly referred to the object's signature.
The object's that are detected are then tracked within the camera's field
of view. Object tracking is used to determine where the object is traveling
or if and when it comes to rest. Tracking can also be used to determine
the objects behavior and compare this behavior to a set of predefined
rules to see if the same pattern is followed. All of this information forms
the metadata which describes what is happening in the scene. Metadata,
along with any alarms resulting from predefined rules that have been
broken are streamed out of the camera commonly in XML format. This
stream is in parallel with the compressed video stream. It is from these
lowlevel algorithms that feature sets for Intelligent Video Systems are
designed.
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2.8 Video Analytics Server
(1). The Video Analytic Server needs to uncompress the video streams
before performing the video analysis. This process is very taxing
therefore a ratio of only 1 per 4 cameras is commonly used. The video
analysis results are stored and any alerts or events are first coordinated
with the video server
(2) and then made available to the IVS Client application to investigate
both alerts and live video streams
(3). As with the previous architecture, the IVS Client application in the
centralized architecture can notify third parties of the alert
(4). Given that the Video Analytics Servers need to work with an
uncompressed stream, there is a sense of "double work" taking place
which does not exist in the "AttheEdge" Architecture. In addition, the
compressed stream that is delivered to the Video Analytics Server may
also contain compression artefacts which can hinder the effectiveness of
the content analysis algorithms. Given these issues, the Centralized
Architecture is better suited to existing installations where there is
already an investment in cameras and video encoders. When installing a
system from the ground up, the "AttheEdge" Architecture is the
preferred choice. In the following sections we will describe the intelligent
devices that exist in the latter architecture.
The Video Analytics Server is the central repository for the alert logs and
metadata. The Video Analytics Server acts as coordinator or manager of
all the alerts of all the cameras that might be on the system. It directs the
alerts of the cameras to other units assigned to monitor them. In some
IVS systems the Video Analytics Server can be used to add a second
level of intelligence. The Video Analytics Server can use the metadata
from multiple cameras to perform higher level functions such as
multicamera tracking. For example, the Video Analytics Server can use
attributes from an object signature such as direction of motion and
estimate trajectory. If an object signature is dropped from one camera
and another one appears on another camera with an object signature
similar to the previous then it is determined that this is the same object
and its motion is continually tracked.
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Video Client
The Video Client runs the enterprise software which is used to configure
the entire system. The Video Client has the vantage point of all devices
that exist on the IVS system network. The Video Client software is used
to set specific rules on each VPIJ or smart device on the network.
Finally, when alarms are created from VPUs or smart devices they can
be displayed in the Video Client or configured to be sent to other clients.
2.9 IVS Today: Common Themes
Up to now we have seen that video analytics engines can provide high
value added functionality to an efficient video surveillance system. But
what exactly can IVS provide today in terms of reliable detection tools?
Modern IVS systems today have a palette of detection and monitoring
algorithms that are summarized below:
Most popular features
I) Secure Area Monitoring An area is highlighted and when an object
enters the area an alarm is flagged
2) Perimeter Monitoring A line is drawn between two boundaries and
when an object of interest crosses from a particular direction an alarm is
flagged
3) Abandoned Object Detection If an object of interest which is being
tracked leaves a stationary object behind where there was no object
before an alarm is flagged
4) Loitering Detection: If an object of interest which is being tracked
becomes stationary and stays stationary for a length of time, an alarm is
flagged
5) Removed Objects If a stationary object in a reference scene is no
longer detected an alarm is flagged
Less common features
1) Flow Control: If several tracked objects are moving in one direction
and another tracked object moves in the opposite direction an alarm is
flagged
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2) Crowd Detection: If several objects are being tracked and become
stationary in the scene an alarm is flagged. This is applicable to the rail
industry and can be tied to SCADA events for lets say when an escalator
breaks down
3) Human Tailgating: If two distinct objects are monitored as passing
through an area of interest while staying very close to one another then
an alarm is flagged.
This is applicable to the rail industry and can be tied to turnstile systems
for lets say when two people pass the turnstile but only one payment
was registered.
Integration of IVS with other rail control systems
So far we have explored current IVS architectures and how analytics
engines can help the operator in managing his security system. We have
seen that the optimal architecture involves cameras and sensors with
distributed intelligence riding on an all digital IP based telecom
infrastructure. Edge devices bringing multisensor fusion can involve not
only cameras but also audio, infrared, gas, and smoke detectors. This
fusion of sensor data happens in devices which are layered in a
hierarchical arrangement based on system topology. Hence a zone
analytics processor can be dedicated to a station, gathering all local
relevant data and presenting results both at local workstations and
centrally at the ICSC (Integrated Control and Security Center). Operator
personnel can take appropriate actions at the station more effectively
since they are closer to the problem, while the control center can
manage the action from a centralized location. The centralized location
has the further advantage of being able to view the entire system, further
integrating with other control and monitoring systems such as SCADA
and ATC. In a fully integrated system, the operator can be alerted of a
problem, turn to a decision support system to suggest the most likely
situation and then guide him in the steps to take. He can then view and
confirm the problem, and have control over track power, train movement,
escalators and elevators, ventilation system etc. at his fingertips. He has
the advantage of being able to react quickly to contain the security threat
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and minimize the damage. A typical configuration of an ICSC is shown in
figure.
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3 . Weekly overview of internship activities
Name of the topic completed
Date Day
25/05/2019 Saturday Introductions and interactions of students with
supervisors.
26/05/2019 Sunday holiday.
27/05/2019 Monday Showed infrastructure of video surveillance
systems in railway stations.
28/05/2019 Tuesday CCTV cameras and their types
29/05/2019 Wednesd Requirements for installation of surveillance
ay cctv
30/05/2019 Thursday Video processing unit (VPU)
31/05/2019 Friday Video analytics server and video client
01/06/2019 Saturday Storage stations
02/06/2019 Sunday holiday
03/06/2019 Monday System architecture
04/06/2019 Tuesday System architecture
05/06/2019 Wednesd holiday(ramzan)
ay
06/06/2019 Thursday Railway environment and ivs system
07/06/2019 Friday Ivs and its features
08/06/2019 Saturday Thankyou meet and certificates distribution
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4 . Reflection on the internship
My internship at Indian railways has significantly improved my
knowledge on the smart security systems and left me with skills that will
be useful throughout my career. This year, I had my first experience
truly working in a realtime environment.Thus, I had to learn to plan
ahead, work accurately, and react to the results.
This process included the research necessary to begin work, which
taught me about several technologies and resources used within the
scientific world when searching for articles and results of past research.
In addition, the internship process involved developing the ability to
effectively and accurately communicate results and react to them.
Perhaps most importantly, I experienced the difficulties faced by the
employees at railways which taught me how to handle the tough
situations.
Lastly, at indian railways I had the experience of working practically on
the devices which helped me a lot. Thus, my internship at Indian
railways has left me with a series of technical and personal skills that I
know will make me more successful as a technician and as a person.
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5 . Conclusion
Overall, I would describe my internship as a positive and instructive
experience. It was a really good programme which helped us to enhance
and develop our skills, abilities and knowledge .It was a good experience
as not only gained knowledge but also new friends. Internship at Indian
railways provide numerous benefits and advantages to the practical
trainees. They provided us with several accommodations such as
computers, wifi etc. Treatment at every department was just professional
and equitable. We gained knowledge from many units of supervisor as
they were experienced . It was also interesting to experience a research
group where the professor himself is at least in part still doing practical
work in the department.
I am very grateful and thankful to each of them .They also helped us to
handle some of our weaknesses and guided us whenever we are in
need. At last this internship has given us new insights and motivation to
pursue a career in electronics and communication department.
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6 . Bibliography
● MR Kumaran , Senior DSTE in Telecommunication Department,
Secundrabad, South Central Railways, 2019.
● MR Narsinha rao , Supervisor in Telecommunication department,
Kachiguda , South Central Railways, 2019.
● MR Srinivas , Senior section engineer in Telecommunication
Department, Secundrabad, South Central Railways, 2019.
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