Types Of Angles

In geometry, angles can be classified according to the size of the

angle.

In these lessons, we will learn the following types of angles:

right angles, acute angles, obtuse angles, straight angles, reflex angles
and full angles.

The following table shows the different types of angles: right angles,
acute angles, obtuse angles, straight angles, reflex angles and full
angles. Scroll down the page if you need more explanations about

each type of angles, videos and worksheets.

Acute angle:

An angle whose measure is less than 90 degrees. The following is

an acute angle.
Right angle:

An angle whose measure is 90 degrees. The following is a right

angle.

Obtuse angle:

An angle whose measure is bigger than 90 degrees but less than

180 degrees. Thus, it is between 90 degrees and 180 degrees. The
following is an obtuse angle.
Straight angle

An angle whose measure is 180 degrees.Thus, a straight angle look

like a straight line. The following is a straight angle.

Reflex angle:

An angle whose measure is bigger than 180 degrees but less than
360 degrees.The following is a reflex angle.

Adjacent angles:

Angle with a common vertex and one common side. <1 and <2, are
adjacent angles.
Complementary angles:

Two angles whose measures add to 90 degrees. Angle 1 and angle

2 are complementary angles because together they form a right
angle.

Note that angle 1 and angle 2 do not have to be adjacent to be

complementary as long as they add up to 90 degrees

Supplementary angles:

Two angles whose measures add to 180 degrees. The following are
supplementary angles.
Vertical angles:

Angles that have a common vertex and whose sides are formed by
the same lines. The following(angle 1 and angle 2) are vertical
angles.

When two parallel lines are crossed by a third line(Transversal), 8

angles are formed. Take a look at the following figure
Angles 3,4,5,8 are interior angles

Angles 1,2,6,7 are exterior angles

Alternate interior angles:

Pairs of interior angles on opposite sides of the transversal.

For instance, angle 3 and angle 5 are alternate interior angles.

Angle 4 and angle 8 are also alternate interior angles.

Alternate exterior angles:

Pairs of exterior angles on opposite sides of the transversal.

Angle 2 and angle 7 are alternate exterior angles.

 Types of Triangles

Triangle is a three-sided polygon. This closed figure consists

of three lines which are linked at the endpoint to each other.
The main properties of the triangle are that the sum of
the interior angle of the triangle will be 180° and the sum of
the exterior angles will be 360° always. Triangle can be
classified according to their sides and interior angles.
Following are the details about each qualification.

Types of Triangles with Respect to Sides

Equilateral Triangle
This type of triangle consists of three equal sides and equal
angles. Every side of the triangle is of the same length and
every angle will be of the same measure of 60°. The following
figure is an equilateral triangle –
Isosceles triangle
The triangle with only two equal sides is known as the
isosceles triangle. Not only two equal sides, the isosceles
triangle also consists of two equal angles. The following
figure is of the isosceles triangle-

Scalene Triangle
The triangle with no equal sides is the scalene triangle. Each
line of this triangle is of different length. Following is the
figure of the scalene triangle:
 Types of Triangles with
Respect to Angles
Right Triangle
This triangle consists of one right angle and two acute angles.
The right angle is an angle which measures 90 degrees and the
acute angles are those angles which measure less than 90
degrees. Thus Right triangle is a triangle with one angle of 90°
and the other two angle that measures less than 90°are acute
angles. The right triangle is an angle with one 90° angle and
two less than 90° angles. The following figure shows the right
triangle-

Obtuse Triangle
This is a triangle with two acute angles and one obtuse angle.
The acute angle is those angles which measure less than 90°
whereas the obtuse angle is those angle which measures above
90°. Therefore, an obtuse triangle is a combination of two
acute angles and one obtuse angle.

Acute Triangle
An acute triangle is a triangle which consists of three acute
angles. This is the triangle which consists of three angles all of
below 90°.

Equiangular triangle
An equiangular triangle is an angle with equal angles. Every
angle of this triangle measures the same degrees.

When we learn about the various types of triangle, we keep in

mind the measurement of sides and angles. The above
classification will now make it easier for you to differentiate
between triangles. Now every triangle is not just a triangle for
you. You can now easily differentiate between the shapes of
the triangle as whether it is a right triangle or an equilateral
triangle.
 Types of Quadrilaterals
There are special types of quadrilateral:

Some types are also included in the definition of other types! For
example a square, rhombus and rectangle are
also parallelograms. See below for more details.

Let us look at each type in turn:

The Rectangle

the little squares in each corner mean "right angle"

A rectangle is a four-sided shape where every angle is a right

angle (90°).

Also opposite sides are parallel and of equal length.

The Square

the little squares in each corner mean "right angle"

A square has equal sides (marked "s") and every angle is a right
angle (90°)
Also opposite sides are parallel.

A square also fits the definition of a rectangle (all angles are 90°),
and a rhombus (all sides are equal length).

The Rhombus

A rhombus is a four-sided shape where all sides have equal length

(marked "s").

Also opposite sides are parallel and opposite angles are equal.

Another interesting thing is that the diagonals (dashed lines) meet in

the middle at a right angle. In other words they "bisect" (cut in half)
each other at right angles.

A rhombus is sometimes called a rhomb or a diamond.

The Parallelogram

A parallelogram has opposite sides parallel and equal in length. Also

opposite angles are equal (angles "A" are the same, and angles "B" are
the same).

NOTE: Squares, Rectangles and Rhombuses are all

Parallelograms!
 Example:

A parallelogram with:

 all sides equal and

 angles "A" and "B" as right angles

is a square!

The Trapezoid (UK: Trapezium)

Trapezoid Isosceles Trapezoid

A trapezoid (called a trapezium in the UK) has a pair of opposite

sides parallel.

And a trapezium (called a trapezoid in the UK) is a quadrilateral with

NO parallel sides:

Trapezoid Trapezium

In the US: a pair of parallel sides NO parallel sides

In the UK: NO parallel sides a pair of parallel sides

 (the US and UK definitions are swapped over!)

An Isosceles trapezoid, as shown above, has left and right sides of

equal length that join to the base at equal angles.

The Kite

Hey, it looks like a kite (usually).

It has two pairs of sides:

Each pair is made of two equal-length sides that join up.

Also:

 the angles where the two pairs meet are equal.

 the diagonals, shown as dashed lines above, meet at a right angle.
 one of the diagonals bisects (cuts equally in half) the other.

... and that's it for the special quadrilaterals.

 Types of Polygons
C on v ex Polygon s

All of its ang les ar e less than 1 80° .

All of the d iagona l s are interna l.

C on cav e Polygon s

At least one an g le measures more than 18 0°.

At least one of th e d iagon a ls is out side the sh ape of the
polygon .
 Equ ilater al Polygon s

All s ides are equ a l.

Equ ian gu lar Po ly gon s

All an g les a re equ a l.

Regu lar Po lygon s

They have e qua l a ng les an d s ides

 Ir r egu lar Polygon s

T hey do not have equa l a ng les and sides.

Types of Polygons based on Number of Sides

Tr ian gle

3 s ides .

Qu adr ilater al

4 s ides .
 Pen tagon

5 s ides .

Hex agon

6 s ides .

Heptagon

7 s ides .
 Octagon

8 s ides .

En n eagon or Nonagon

9 s ides .

Decagon

10 s i des .
 What is Area?
Area is the size of a surface!

Example:
These shapes all have the same area of 9:

It helps to imagine how much paint would cover the shape.

Area of Simple Shapes

There are special formulas for certain shapes:

Example: What is the area of this rectangle?

The formula is:

 Area = w × h
w = width
h = height

The width is 5, and the height is 3, so we know w = 5 and h = 3:

Area = 5 × 3 = 15

square = a 2

rectangle = ab

parallelogram = bh

trapezoid = h/2 (b1 + b2)

circle = pi r 2
 Perimeter
Perimeter is the distance around a two-dimensional shape.

Example: the perimeter of this rectangle is 7+3+7+3 = 20

Example: the perimeter of this regular pentagon is:

3+3+3+3+3 = 5×3 = 15

The perimeter of a circle is called the circumference:

Circumference = 2π × radius
Perimeter Formulas

Triangle
Perimeter = a + b + c

Square
Perimeter = 4 × a
a = length of side

Rectangle
Perimeter = 2 × (w + h)
w = width
h = height

Quadrilateral
Perimeter = a + b + c + d

Circle
Circumference = 2πr
r = radius
 Volume Formulas
Note: "ab" means "a" multiplied by "b". "a2" means "a squared", which is the same as "a" times
"a". "b3" means "b cubed", which is the same as "b" times "b" times "b".

Volume is measured in "cubic" units. The volume of a figure is the number of cubes required to
fill it completely, like blocks in a box.

Be careful!! Units count. Use the same units for all measurements. Examples

cube = a 3

rectangular prism = a b c

irregular prism = b h

cylinder = b h = pi r 2 h

pyramid = (1/3) b h

cone = (1/3) b h = 1/3 pi r 2 h

sphere = (4/3) pi r 3
 Surface Area Formulas
In general, the surface area is the sum of all the areas of all the shapes that
cover the surface of the object.

Cube | Rectangular Prism | Prism | Sphere | Cylinder | Units

Note: "ab" means "a" multiplied by "b". "a2" means "a squared", which is the same as "a" times
"a".

Be careful!! Units count. Use the same units for all measurements. Examples

Surface Area of a Cube = 6 a 2

(a is the length of the side of each edge of the cube)

In words, the surface area of a cube is the area of the six squares that cover
it. The area of one of them is a*a, or a 2 . Since these are all the same, you
can multiply one of them by six, so the surface area of a cube is 6 times one
of the sides squared.

Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism = 2ab + 2bc + 2ac

(a, b, and c are the lengths of the 3 sides)

In words, the surface area of a rectangular prism is the area of the six
rectangles that cover it. But we don't have to figure out all six because we
know that the top and bottom are the same, the front and back are the same,
and the left and right sides are the same.

The area of the top and bottom (side lengths a and c) = a*c. Since there are
two of them, you get 2ac. The front and back have side lengths of b and c.
The area of one of them is b*c, and there are two of them, so the surface area
of those two is 2bc. The left and right side have side lengths of a and b, so the
surface area of one of them is a*b. Again, there are two of them, so their
combined surface area is 2ab.

Surface Area of Any Prism

(b is the shape of the ends)

Surface Area = Lateral area + Area of two ends

(Lateral area) = (perimeter of shape b) * L

Surface Area = (perimeter of shape b) * L+ 2*(Area of shape b)

Surface Area of a Sphere = 4 pi r 2

(r is radius of circle)

Surface Area of a Cylinder = 2 pi r 2 + 2 pi r h

(h is the height of the cylinder, r is the radius of the top)

Surface Area = Areas of top and bottom +Area of the side

Surface Area = 2(Area of top) + (perimeter of top)* height

Surface Area = 2(pi r 2) + (2 pi r)* h

In words, the easiest way is to think of a can. The surface area is the areas of
all the parts needed to cover the can. That's the top, the bottom, and the
paper label that wraps around the middle.

You can find the area of the top (or the bottom). That's the formula for area of
a circle (pi r2). Since there is both a top and a bottom, that gets multiplied by
two.

The side is like the label of the can. If you peel it off and lay it flat it will be a
rectangle. The area of a rectangle is the product of the two sides. One side is
the height of the can, the other side is the perimeter of the circle, since the
label wraps once around the can. So the area of the rectangle is (2 pi r)* h.

Add those two parts together and you have the formula for the surface area of
a cylinder.

Surface Area = 2(pi r 2) + (2 pi r)* h

Tip! Don't forget the units.

These equations will give you correct answers if you keep the units straight.
For example - to find the surface area of a cube with sides of 5 inches, the
equation is:

Surface Area = 6*(5 inches)2

= 6*(25 square inches)

= 150 sq. inches

 Circle
A circle is easy to make:

Draw a curve that is "radius" away

from a central point.

And so:

All points are the same distance from the center.

You Can Draw It Yourself

Put a pin in a board, put a loop of string around it, and insert a pencil
into the loop. Keep the string stretched and draw the circle!

Drag a point!

© 2018 MathsIsFun.com v0.87

Play With It
Try dragging the point to see how the radius and circumference
change.

(See if you can keep a constant radius!)

Radius, Diameter and Circumference

The Radius is the distance from the center outwards.

The Diameter goes straight across the circle, through the center.

The Circumference is the distance once around the circle.

And here is the really cool thing:

When we divide the circumference by the diameter we get

3.141592654...
which is the number π ( Pi )

So when the diameter is 1, the circumference is

3.141592654...

We can say:

Circumference = π × Diameter
 Example: You walk around a circle which has a diameter of
100m, how far have you walked?

Distance walked = Circumference = π × 100m

= 314m (to the nearest m)

Also note that the Diameter is twice the Radius:

Diameter = 2 × Radius
And so this is also true:

Circumference = 2 × π × Radius
In Summary:

×2 ×π

Radius Diameter Circumference

Remembering
The length of the words may help you remember:

 Radius is the shortest word and shortest measure

 Diameter is longer
 Circumference is the longest

Definition
The circle is a plane shape (two dimensional), so:

Circle: the set of all points on a plane that are a fixed distance from
a center.

Names
Because people have studied circles for thousands of years special
names have come about.

Nobody wants to say "that line that starts at one side of the circle,
goes through the center and ends on the other side" when they can
just say "Diameter".

So here are the most common special names:

Lines

A line that "just touches" the circle as it passes by is called a Tangent.

A line that cuts the circle at two points is called a Secant.

A line segment that goes from one point to another on the circle's
circumference is called a Chord.

If it passes through the center it is called a Diameter.

And a part of the circumference is called an Arc .

Slices
There are two main "slices" of a circle.

The "pizza" slice is called a Sector .

And the slice made by a chord is called a Segment .

Common Sectors
The Quadrant and Semicircle are two special types of Sector:

Quarter of a circle is called a Quadrant.

Half a circle is called a Semicircle.

Inside and Outside

A circle has an inside and an outside (of course!). But it also has an
"on", because we could be right on the circle.

Example: "A" is outside the circle, "B" is inside the circle and "C" is on
the circle.

Right Triangle
A triangle where one of its interior angles is a right angle (90 degrees).
Right triangles figure prominently in various branches of mathematics. For
example, trigonometry concerns itself almost exclusively with the properties of
right triangles, and the famous Pythagoras Theorem defines the relationship
between the three sides of a right triangle:

a2 + b2 = h2

where h is the length of the hypotenuse

a,b are the lengths of the the other two sides

Attributes
Hypotenuse The side opposite the right angle. This will always be the longest
side of a right triangle.

Sides The two sides that are not the hypotenuse. They are the two
sides making up the right angle itself.
Properties

 A right triangle can also be isosceles if the two sides that include the right
angle are equal in length (AB and BC in the figure above)
 A right triangle can never be equilateral, since the hypotenuse (the side
opposite the right angle) is always longer than either of the other two sides.

Trigonometry functions - introduction

There are six functions that are the core of trigonometry. There are three primary
ones that you need to understand completely:

o Sine (sin)
o Cosine (cos)
o Tangent (tan)

The other three are not used as often and can be derived from the three primary
functions. Because they can easily be derived, calculators and spreadsheets do
not usually have them.

o Secant (sec)
o Cosecant (csc)
o Cotangent (cot)

All six functions have three-letter abbreviations (shown in parentheses above).

Definitions of the six functions

Consider the right triangle on the left. For each angle P or Q, there are six
functions, each function is the ratio of two sides of the triangle. The only
difference between the six functions is which pair of sides we use.
In the following table

o a is the length of the side adjacent to the angle (x) in question.

o o is the length of the side opposite the angle.
o h is the length of the hypotenuse.

"x" represents the measure of ther angle in either degrees or radians.

 sin 
x
Sine =
o
h

 cos 
x
The three primary functions
Cosine =
a
h

 tan 
x
Tangent =
o
a

Cosecant  csc  Notice how each is the reciprocal of sin, cos or tan.  csc 
 x x

= =

h 1

o  sin 

 sec 
 sec 
x
x
=
Secant =
1
h
 cos 
a
x

 cot 
 cot 
x
x
=
Cotangent =
1
a
 tan 
o
x
The Pythagorean Theorem
One of the best known mathematical formulas is Pythagorean Theorem, which provides us with the relationship between the
sides in a right triangle. A right triangle consists of two legs and a hypotenuse. The two legs meet at a 90° angle and the
hypotenuse is the longest side of the right triangle and is the side opposite the right angle.

The Pythagorean Theorem tells us that the relationship in every right triangle is:

a2+b2=c2a2+b2=c2

Example

C2=62+42C2=62+42
C2=36+16C2=36+16
C2=52C2=52
C=52−−√C=52
 C≈7.2C≈7.2

There are a couple of special types of right triangles, like the 45°-45° right triangles and the 30°-60° right triangle.

Because of their angles it is easier to find the hypotenuse or the legs in these right triangles than in all other right triangles.

In a 45°-45° right triangle we only need to multiply one leg by √2 to get the length of the hypotenuse.

Example

We multiply the length of the leg which is 7 inches by √2 to get the length of the hypotenuse.

7⋅2–√≈9.97⋅2≈9.9
In a 30°-60° right triangle we can find the length of the leg that is opposite the 30° angle by using this formula:

a=12⋅ca=12⋅c